Scoop安装配置

Scoop是一个windows下的包管理器

scoop 官方GitHub给的PowerShell安装语句如下

$env:SCOOP='C:\scoop'
[environment]::setEnvironmentVariable('SCOOP',$env:SCOOP,'User')
iwr -useb get.scoop.sh | iex

下面解释一下这几行代码干了什么，首先第一句将环境变量SCOOP设置为'C:\scoop'（如果不知道环境变量是什么请百度）
此时如果你查询一下环境变量，在PowerShell中输入

ls env:

你会看到

image.png

这样的图片，至于为什么我这里是D:\scoop之后会解释。
第一行代码能够改变目前的环境变量，PowerShell重启后改动会消失
.NET命令会在PowerShell关闭后依然生效

[environment]::setEnvironmentVariable('SCOOP',$env:SCOOP,'User')

该命令也是设置环境变量，第一二个参数与第一行代码意义相同
此处第三个参数规定了此环境变量是给当前用户设置的（非在所有用户上生效）
最后一行调用了iwr命令，会获取一个自动安装scoop的脚本，但是要注意的是，你可能会因为权限和网络连接导致一些脚本下载不了或无法运行的问题，因此我直接把脚本贴在下面，另存后在文件目录输入

.\install.ps1

即可运行，如果你收到一些报错，请尝试暂时关闭防火墙或杀毒软件
当然你也可以把scoop安装在除了c:\scoop以外的地方，比如我输入的命令就是

$env:SCOOP='D:\scoop'
[environment]::setEnvironmentVariable('SCOOP',$env:SCOOP,'User')
.\install.ps1

以下为install.ps1文件内容

#Requires -Version 5

# remote install:
#   Invoke-Expression (New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://get.scoop.sh')
$old_erroractionpreference = $erroractionpreference
$erroractionpreference = 'stop' # quit if anything goes wrong

if (($PSVersionTable.PSVersion.Major) -lt 5) {
    Write-Output "PowerShell 5 or later is required to run Scoop."
    Write-Output "Upgrade PowerShell: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/scripting/setup/installing-windows-powershell"
    break
}

# show notification to change execution policy:
$allowedExecutionPolicy = @('Unrestricted', 'RemoteSigned', 'ByPass')
if ((Get-ExecutionPolicy).ToString() -notin $allowedExecutionPolicy) {
    Write-Output "PowerShell requires an execution policy in [$($allowedExecutionPolicy -join ", ")] to run Scoop."
    Write-Output "For example, to set the execution policy to 'RemoteSigned' please run :"
    Write-Output "'Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -scope CurrentUser'"
    break
}

if ([System.Enum]::GetNames([System.Net.SecurityProtocolType]) -notcontains 'Tls12') {
    Write-Output "Scoop requires at least .NET Framework 4.5"
    Write-Output "Please download and install it first:"
    Write-Output "https://www.microsoft.com/net/download"
    break
}

# get core functions
$core_url = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lukesampson/scoop/master/lib/core.ps1'
Write-Output 'Initializing...'
Invoke-Expression (new-object net.webclient).downloadstring($core_url)

# prep
if (installed 'scoop') {
    write-host "Scoop is already installed. Run 'scoop update' to get the latest version." -f red
    # don't abort if invoked with iex that would close the PS session
    if ($myinvocation.mycommand.commandtype -eq 'Script') { return } else { exit 1 }
}
$dir = ensure (versiondir 'scoop' 'current')

# download scoop zip
$zipurl = 'https://github.com/lukesampson/scoop/archive/master.zip'
$zipfile = "$dir\scoop.zip"
Write-Output 'Downloading scoop...'
dl $zipurl $zipfile

Write-Output 'Extracting...'
Add-Type -Assembly "System.IO.Compression.FileSystem"
[IO.Compression.ZipFile]::ExtractToDirectory($zipfile, "$dir\_tmp")
Copy-Item "$dir\_tmp\*master\*" $dir -Recurse -Force
Remove-Item "$dir\_tmp", $zipfile -Recurse -Force

Write-Output 'Creating shim...'
shim "$dir\bin\scoop.ps1" $false

# download main bucket
$dir = "$scoopdir\buckets\main"
$zipurl = 'https://github.com/ScoopInstaller/Main/archive/master.zip'
$zipfile = "$dir\main-bucket.zip"
Write-Output 'Downloading main bucket...'
New-Item $dir -Type Directory -Force | Out-Null
dl $zipurl $zipfile

Write-Output 'Extracting...'
[IO.Compression.ZipFile]::ExtractToDirectory($zipfile, "$dir\_tmp")
Copy-Item "$dir\_tmp\*-master\*" $dir -Recurse -Force
Remove-Item "$dir\_tmp", $zipfile -Recurse -Force

ensure_robocopy_in_path
ensure_scoop_in_path

scoop config lastupdate ([System.DateTime]::Now.ToString('o'))
success 'Scoop was installed successfully!'

Write-Output "Type 'scoop help' for instructions."

$erroractionpreference = $old_erroractionpreference # Reset $erroractionpreference to original value