宾语从句

                宾语从句的概念

宾语从句属于名词性从句，在句中作主句的宾语。

eg. We know Mr. Green teaches English.

She asked if these answers were right.

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宾语从句三要素

引导词（连接词）、语序、时态

【重难点掌握】

（一）引导词

1、由从属连词that引导的宾语从句

由从属连词that引导的宾语从句，注意：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略

eg：1）I hear (that) you passed the exam.

2）He said (that) his father was a singer.

3）The teacher told us (that) the sun rises in the east.

2、由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句（重点掌握）

由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句，if/ whether 表示"是否"，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。

1）I want to know whether/if he is right.

2）I ask him whether/if he likes me.

3）I wonder whether/if we can get there.

4）Could you tell me whether/if that film is interesting ?

只能用whether不能用if的情况

1）在介词后面：

I'm thinking of whether we should go fishing.

We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow.

2）在动词不定式前：

They asked me whether to go skating.

3）当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时:

I don't know whether he's free or not.

Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not.

Tell me whether you'd like to go shopping or tidy the room.

4）宾语从句提前时：

Whether this is true or not, I can't say.

3、由连接代Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。

这些代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。

1）He asked who the man is.

2）Do you know whose book it is?

3）He asked what he could do for that.

4）Do you know which answer is the best?

5）Please tell me where the right way is.

6）Can you tell me how we can get there?

7）Could you tell me when we should meet?

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（二）语序：陈述句语序

即：主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）

Do you remember (他多大岁数)?【自我练习一下】

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当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：
What's wrong?
What's the matter?
What's happening?
What happened?

eg：I don't know what's the matter.

Can you tell me who is over there?

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（三）时态

1、主句用一般现在时，现在进行时或一般将来时等"现在"范畴的时态时，从句的时态根据需要来用，不受主句影响。

I want to know what time he got up this morning.

He will tell us that he has been able to look after himself.

They are saying that they really like this city.

2、主句用过去时，从句用与过去相关的时态。

Kate said there was a box under the desk.

They asked what he was doing then.

She asked whether I had seen her before.

3、从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。

Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.

He told the boy that three and three is six.

He told me the earth moves around the sun.

4、从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。

The teacher told me she was born in 1960.