truffle是一个以太坊的开发和测试框架。使用它可以方便我们快速的在以太坊上开发。那废话不多说，下面我们就来看下如何使用。
安装
首先安装truffle
npm install -g truffle
创建工程目录
mkdir myproject
初始化工程
$ cd myproject
$ truffle init
image.png
创建好的工程目录
image.png
- contract/ - Truffle默认的合约文件存放地址。
- migrations/ - 存放发布脚本文件
- test/ - 用来测试应用和合约的测试文件
- truffle.js - Truffle的配置文件
编译合约
要编译您的合约，使用
truffle compile
Truffle仅默认编译自上次编译后被修改过的文件，来减少不必要的编译。如果你想编译全部文件，可以使用--compile-all选项
truffle compile --compile-all
注意，合约的名称和文件名要一直，想这样
contract MyContract {
...
}
// or
library MyContract {
...
}
name文件名也应为 MyContract.sol
编译完成
image.png
会在项目目录下生成build目录。
image.png
配置网络 NETWORKS
指定在移植(Migration)时使用哪个网络
打开truffle.js
添加如下配置
module.exports = {
networks: {
development: {
host: "127.0.0.1",
port: 8545,
network_id: "*" // Match any network id
}
}
};
也可以配置多个网络
networks: {
development: {
host: "127.0.0.1",
port: 9545,
network_id: "*" // match any network
},
live: {
host: "178.25.19.88", // Random IP for example purposes (do not use)
port: 80,
network_id: 1, // Ethereum public network
// optional config values:
// gas
// gasPrice
// from - default address to use for any transaction Truffle makes during migrations
// provider - web3 provider instance Truffle should use to talk to the Ethereum network.
// - function that returns a web3 provider instance (see below.)
// - if specified, host and port are ignored.
}
}
Migrate
把合约发布到以太网络上
truffle migrate
这个命令会执行所有的位于migrations目录内的移植脚本。如果之前部署过，那么它只会部署新的合约.如何要重新部署，可以使用
truffle migrate --reset
var Migrations = artifacts.require("./Migrations.sol");
module.exports = function(deployer) {
deployer.deploy(Migrations);
};
这个脚本中，首先require进来合约。在移植函数中，接受一个deployer对象，使用 deploy来部署合约。
多个网络的话，部署的时候制定使用的网络
$ truffle migrate --network live
执行部署之前，先要启动以太坊开发环境
truffle develop
truffle develop
Truffle Develop started at http://127.0.0.1:9545/
Accounts:
(0) 0x627306090abab3a6e1400e9345bc60c78a8bef57
(1) 0xf17f52151ebef6c7334fad080c5704d77216b732
(2) 0xc5fdf4076b8f3a5357c5e395ab970b5b54098fef
(3) 0x821aea9a577a9b44299b9c15c88cf3087f3b5544
(4) 0x0d1d4e623d10f9fba5db95830f7d3839406c6af2
(5) 0x2932b7a2355d6fecc4b5c0b6bd44cc31df247a2e
(6) 0x2191ef87e392377ec08e7c08eb105ef5448eced5
(7) 0x0f4f2ac550a1b4e2280d04c21cea7ebd822934b5
(8) 0x6330a553fc93768f612722bb8c2ec78ac90b3bbc
(9) 0x5aeda56215b167893e80b4fe645ba6d5bab767de
Private Keys:
(0) c87509a1c067bbde78beb793e6fa76530b6382a4c0241e5e4a9ec0a0f44dc0d3
(1) ae6ae8e5ccbfb04590405997ee2d52d2b330726137b875053c36d94e974d162f
(2) 0dbbe8e4ae425a6d2687f1a7e3ba17bc98c673636790f1b8ad91193c05875ef1
(3) c88b703fb08cbea894b6aeff5a544fb92e78a18e19814cd85da83b71f772aa6c
(4) 388c684f0ba1ef5017716adb5d21a053ea8e90277d0868337519f97bede61418
(5) 659cbb0e2411a44db63778987b1e22153c086a95eb6b18bdf89de078917abc63
(6) 82d052c865f5763aad42add438569276c00d3d88a2d062d36b2bae914d58b8c8
(7) aa3680d5d48a8283413f7a108367c7299ca73f553735860a87b08f39395618b7
(8) 0f62d96d6675f32685bbdb8ac13cda7c23436f63efbb9d07700d8669ff12b7c4
(9) 8d5366123cb560bb606379f90a0bfd4769eecc0557f1b362dcae9012b548b1e5
Mnemonic: candy maple cake sugar pudding cream honey rich smooth crumble sweet treat
⚠️ Important ⚠️ : This mnemonic was created for you by Truffle. It is not secure.
Ensure you do not use it on production blockchains, or else you risk losing funds.
truffle(develop)>
他会默认创建10个账户。注意这里的端口使用的是9545。
执行部署命令
truffle migrate
truffle migrate
Using network 'development'.
Network up to date.
自定义合约
下面呢我们就自己实现一个合约来测试一下。
在contract目录下新建 Greete.sol
pragma solidity ^0.4.16;
contract Greete {
function sayHello() public constant returns (string name) {
return ("迪丽热巴");
}
function greeting(uint a) public returns(uint b) {
return a*8;
}
}
编译合约
truffle compile
在migrations里新建一个部署脚本 2_deploy_migration.js
var Greete = artifacts.require("./Greete.sol");
module.exports = function(deployer) {
deployer.deploy(Greete);
};
移植
truffle migrate
进入truffle 控制台
truffle console
部署合约
创建一个变量保存合约实例,然后部署合约。
truffle(development)> let contract;
undefined
truffle(development)> Greete.deployed().then( instance => contract = instance )
TruffleContract {
constructor:
{ [Function: TruffleContract]
_static_methods:
{ setProvider: [Function: setProvider],
new: [Function: new],
at: [Function: at],
deployed: [Function: deployed],
defaults: [Function: defaults],
hasNetwork: [Function: hasNetwork],
isDeployed: [Function: isDeployed],
detectNetwork: [Function: detectNetwork],
setNetwork: [Function: setNetwork],
resetAddress: [Function: resetAddress],
link: [Function: link],
clone: [Function: clone],
addProp: [Function: addProp],
toJSON: [Function: toJSON] },
_properties:
{ contract_name: [Object],
contractName: [Object],
abi: [Object],
network: [Function: network],
networks: [Function: networks],
address: [Object],
transactionHash: [Object],
links: [Function: links],
events: [Function: events],
binary: [Function: binary],
deployedBinary: [Function: deployedBinary],
unlinked_binary: [Object],
bytecode: [Object],
deployedBytecode: [Object],
sourceMap: [Object],
deployedSourceMap: [Object],
source: [Object],
sourcePath: [Object],
legacyAST: [Object],
ast: [Object],
compiler: [Object],
schema_version: [Function: schema_version],
schemaVersion: [Function: schemaVersion],
updated_at: [Function: updated_at],
updatedAt: [Function: updatedAt] },
_property_values: {},
_json:
{ contractName: 'Greete',
abi: [Array],
bytecode: '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',
deployedBytecode: '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',
sourceMap: '27:209:0:-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;',
deployedSourceMap: '27:209:0:-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;158:76;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;54:98;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;23:1:-1;8:100;33:3;30:1;27:2;8:100;;;99:1;94:3;90;84:5;80:1;75:3;71;64:6;52:2;49:1;45:3;40:15;;8:100;;;12:14;3:109;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;158:76:0;199:6;226:1;224;:3;217:10;;158:76;;;:::o;54:98::-;99:11;;:::i;:::-;122:23;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;54:98;:::o;27:209::-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:::o',
source: 'pragma solidity ^0.4.16;\n\n\ncontract Greete {\n \n function sayHello() public constant returns (string name) {\n return ("迪丽热巴");\n }\n\n function greeting(uint a) public returns(uint b) {\n return a*8;\n }\n}',
sourcePath: '/Users/kongdejian/Desktop/myproject/contracts/Greete.sol',
ast: [Object],
legacyAST: [Object],
compiler: [Object],
networks: [Object],
schemaVersion: '2.0.0',
updatedAt: '2018-04-14T10:58:55.558Z' },
setProvider: [Function: bound setProvider],
new: [Function: bound new],
at: [Function: bound at],
deployed: [Function: bound deployed],
defaults: [Function: bound defaults],
hasNetwork: [Function: bound hasNetwork],
isDeployed: [Function: bound isDeployed],
detectNetwork: [Function: bound detectNetwork],
setNetwork: [Function: bound setNetwork],
resetAddress: [Function: bound resetAddress],
link: [Function: bound link],
clone: [Function: bound clone],
addProp: [Function: bound addProp],
toJSON: [Function: bound toJSON],
web3:
Web3 {
_requestManager: [RequestManager],
currentProvider: [Provider],
eth: [Eth],
db: [DB],
shh: [Shh],
net: [Net],
personal: [Personal],
bzz: [Swarm],
settings: [Settings],
version: [Object],
providers: [Object],
_extend: [Function] },
class_defaults:
{ from: '0x627306090abab3a6e1400e9345bc60c78a8bef57',
gas: 6721975,
gasPrice: 100000000000 },
currentProvider:
HttpProvider {
host: 'http://127.0.0.1:9545',
timeout: 0,
user: undefined,
password: undefined,
headers: undefined,
send: [Function],
sendAsync: [Function],
_alreadyWrapped: true },
network_id: '4447' },
abi:
[ { constant: true,
inputs: [],
name: 'sayHello',
outputs: [Array],
payable: false,
stateMutability: 'view',
type: 'function' },
{ constant: false,
inputs: [Array],
name: 'greeting',
outputs: [Array],
payable: false,
stateMutability: 'nonpayable',
type: 'function' } ],
contract:
Contract {
_eth:
Eth {
_requestManager: [RequestManager],
getBalance: [Function],
getStorageAt: [Function],
getCode: [Function],
getBlock: [Function],
getUncle: [Function],
getCompilers: [Function],
getBlockTransactionCount: [Function],
getBlockUncleCount: [Function],
getTransaction: [Function],
getTransactionFromBlock: [Function],
getTransactionReceipt: [Function],
getTransactionCount: [Function],
call: [Function],
estimateGas: [Function],
sendRawTransaction: [Function],
signTransaction: [Function],
sendTransaction: [Function],
sign: [Function],
compile: [Object],
submitWork: [Function],
getWork: [Function],
coinbase: [Getter],
getCoinbase: [Function],
mining: [Getter],
getMining: [Function],
hashrate: [Getter],
getHashrate: [Function],
syncing: [Getter],
getSyncing: [Function],
gasPrice: [Getter],
getGasPrice: [Function],
accounts: [Getter],
getAccounts: [Function],
blockNumber: [Getter],
getBlockNumber: [Function],
protocolVersion: [Getter],
getProtocolVersion: [Function],
iban: [Function],
sendIBANTransaction: [Function: bound transfer] },
transactionHash: null,
address: '0x2c2b9c9a4a25e24b174f26114e8926a9f2128fe4',
abi: [ [Object], [Object] ],
sayHello:
{ [Function: bound ]
request: [Function: bound ],
call: [Function: bound ],
sendTransaction: [Function: bound ],
estimateGas: [Function: bound ],
getData: [Function: bound ],
'': [Circular] },
greeting:
{ [Function: bound ]
request: [Function: bound ],
call: [Function: bound ],
sendTransaction: [Function: bound ],
estimateGas: [Function: bound ],
getData: [Function: bound ],
uint256: [Circular] },
allEvents: [Function: bound ] },
sayHello:
{ [Function]
call: [Function],
sendTransaction: [Function],
request: [Function: bound ],
estimateGas: [Function] },
greeting:
{ [Function]
call: [Function],
sendTransaction: [Function],
request: [Function: bound ],
estimateGas: [Function] },
sendTransaction: [Function],
send: [Function],
allEvents: [Function: bound ],
address: '0x2c2b9c9a4a25e24b174f26114e8926a9f2128fe4',
transactionHash: null }
truffle(development)>
调用合约
truffle(development)> contract.sayHello()
'迪丽热巴'
truffle(development)>
调用另一个方法
truffle(development)> contract.greeting(11)
{ tx: '0x640a0bcb1678ab6679f8f5ec20d6904f499089a7972dcca24c7a81dd10e47379',
receipt:
{ transactionHash: '0x640a0bcb1678ab6679f8f5ec20d6904f499089a7972dcca24c7a81dd10e47379',
transactionIndex: 0,
blockHash: '0x4f54256da873a61cd976feaf70823671033a5b2f6dc34252c4065b98b2d664f3',
blockNumber: 11,
gasUsed: 21705,
cumulativeGasUsed: 21705,
contractAddress: null,
logs: [],
status: '0x01',
logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000' },
logs: [] }
truffle(development)>
greeting会改变数据在区块链上的状态，需要花费gas。
查看交易结果
truffle(development)> contract.greeting.call(2)
BigNumber { s: 1, e: 1, c: [ 16 ] }
truffle(development)>
返回的是一个BigNumber类型的数据。
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