2020-07-02

形容词和副词充当的成分

• 形容词:表语,定语

• 副词:

  • ​ 修饰实义动词 he cried sadly
  • ​ 修饰形容词 he looks especially sad
  • ​ 修饰副词 he cried rather sadly
  • ​ 修饰句子 actually, he cries

状语

1. 状语就是在一句话中,修饰实义动词,形容词,副词或者整个句子

   状语在一句话中,除了名词不能修饰,都可以修饰

2. 状语的成分

   • 副词
   • 介词短语做状语 she cried sadly like a boy losing his toy
   • 非谓语动词做状语 she cried , sitting there
   • 从句作状语 she cried when she sat there

   状语从句

   • 引导词的分类

   • 按照引导词本身的意思分类,一共分为九类

     一. 时间状语从句

     • when = while = as 当什么时候

       当while 翻译成当什么什么时候 while 后面必须进行时态

     • before 在什么之前

     • after 在什么之后

     • since 自从

       只要一句话带自从,主句一定完成式

       i hvae fallen in love with you ,since i meet you

     • the moment = as soon as 一...就

     • by the time 直到...为止

     • until 直到...才

     • not ...until 直到...才

   • 状语的时态

     • when love comes, i will hold her hands (主将从现)

       在所有的状语从句中,主句和从句的动作都尚未发生,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时

     • when love came , i failed to hold her hands

   • 区别 until 和 not...until

     • i will wait here until you come.
     • i will not leave until you come.

     看主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词,还是延续性动词

     如果是延续性动词,就用 until

     如果是个瞬间动词,就用 not until

   • when 引导的时间状语从句省略

     • when i was a kid , i enjoyed singing songs

       when 时间状语, 如果主句的和从句的主语一致,并且从句的谓语有be ,此时从句主语和be 可以省略

     二. 地点状语从句

     • where

       • the kind of tress grow well in mosit palces
       • the kind of tress grow well where it mosit

       做地点状语通常都是介词短语,很少是从句

     三. 原因状语从句

     因为

     引导词

     • because
     • as
     • since
     • in that
     • seeing that
     • considering that
     • now that
     • given that

     连词

     for

     介词短语 + n/ doing

     • because of
     • due to
     • owing to
     • thanks to
     • for the sake of
     • as a result of

   • he had a car accident because he was careless // 引导句子

   • he had a car accident for he was careless // 链接两个句子

   • he had a car accident because of his carelessness //后面加名词

   四. 目的状语从句

   动词不定式

   • to + v

   • in order to +v

   • so as to +v

   引导词

   • so that 表示目的放在句末不放在句首

• in order that

  we will ascend higher in order to overlooke farther/further

  we will ascend higher in order that we overlooke farther/further

  五. 结果状语从句

  如此以至于

  • so...that so + adj / adv

    it feels so hot today that i wear my dress

    my mather proves so kind that she is respected by all colleague

    so...that == very + adj/adv

    作文只要见到形容词或者副词的时候,都可以写成so...that

  • such..that such + n

  六. 让步状语从句

  虽然

  • although

    raising pets can cultivate the loving heart of kids although they might be injurious to their family or neightbors

  • though

  • even though

  • even if

  • as // 引导让步状语从句,从句的表语可以放在句首,构成部分倒装

    ugly as i seem , i keep gentle

  • while // 翻译成虽然尽管只能放在句首,不能句中 , 翻译 但是 连词
    七. 方式状语从句

  引导词 (好像似乎)

  • as

  • the way

  • as if/ thought

  介词+n/doing

  • by

  • through

  • by means of

  • in...way/manner

八. 方式状语从句

引导词（如果）

• suppose that
• supposing that
• if
• unless(只要)
• provided that
• as long as
• so long as
• so long as there is a litte hope , i will never give up

九.比较状语从句

• as.. as...+ 句子 原级的比较

• than 比较结构

  you are as beautiful as I