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拆包粘包问题解决

拆包粘包问题解决

作者: yongguang423 | 来源:发表于2018-09-29 06:51 被阅读14次

netty使用tcp/ip协议传输数据。而tcp/ip协议是类似水流一样的数据传输方式。多次访问的时候有可能出现数据粘包的问题，解决这种问题的方式如下：

定长数据流

客户端和服务器，提前协调好，每个消息长度固定。（如：长度10）。如果客户端或服务器写出的数据不足10，则使用空白字符补足（如：使用空格）。

/**
 * 1. 双线程组
 * 2. Bootstrap配置启动信息
 * 3. 注册业务处理Handler
 * 4. 绑定服务监听端口并启动服务
 */
package com.bjsxt.socket.netty.fixedlength;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.FixedLengthFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;

public class Server4FixedLength {
    // 监听线程组，监听客户端请求
    private EventLoopGroup acceptorGroup = null;
    // 处理客户端相关操作线程组，负责处理与客户端的数据通讯
    private EventLoopGroup clientGroup = null;
    // 服务启动相关配置信息
    private ServerBootstrap bootstrap = null;
    public Server4FixedLength(){
        init();
    }
    private void init(){
        acceptorGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        clientGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
        // 绑定线程组
        bootstrap.group(acceptorGroup, clientGroup);
        // 设定通讯模式为NIO
        bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
        // 设定缓冲区大小
        bootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024);
        // SO_SNDBUF发送缓冲区，SO_RCVBUF接收缓冲区，SO_KEEPALIVE开启心跳监测（保证连接有效）
        bootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_SNDBUF, 16*1024)
            .option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 16*1024)
            .option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
    }
    public ChannelFuture doAccept(int port) throws InterruptedException{
        
        bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {

            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                ChannelHandler[] acceptorHandlers = new ChannelHandler[3];
                // 定长Handler。通过构造参数设置消息长度（单位是字节）。发送的消息长度不足可以使用空格补全。
                acceptorHandlers[0] = new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(5);
                // 字符串解码器Handler，会自动处理channelRead方法的msg参数，将ByteBuf类型的数据转换为字符串对象
                acceptorHandlers[1] = new StringDecoder(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
                acceptorHandlers[2] = new Server4FixedLengthHandler();
                ch.pipeline().addLast(acceptorHandlers);
            }
        });
        ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
        return future;
    }
    public void release(){
        this.acceptorGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        this.clientGroup.shutdownGracefully();
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ChannelFuture future = null;
        Server4FixedLength server = null;
        try{
            server = new Server4FixedLength();
            
            future = server.doAccept(9999);
            System.out.println("server started.");
            future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        }catch(InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            if(null != future){
                try {
                    future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            
            if(null != server){
                server.release();
            }
        }
    }
    
}


package com.bjsxt.socket.netty.fixedlength;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;

public class Server4FixedLengthHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
    
    // 业务处理逻辑
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        String message = msg.toString();
        System.out.println("from client : " + message.trim());
        String line = "ok ";
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(line.getBytes("UTF-8")));
    }
    

    // 异常处理逻辑
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("server exceptionCaught method run...");
        // cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

}


/**
 * 1. 单线程组
 * 2. Bootstrap配置启动信息
 * 3. 注册业务处理Handler
 * 4. connect连接服务，并发起请求
 */
package com.bjsxt.socket.netty.fixedlength;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.FixedLengthFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;

public class Client4FixedLength {
    
    // 处理请求和处理服务端响应的线程组
    private EventLoopGroup group = null;
    // 服务启动相关配置信息
    private Bootstrap bootstrap = null;
    
    public Client4FixedLength(){
        init();
    }
    
    private void init(){
        group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
        // 绑定线程组
        bootstrap.group(group);
        // 设定通讯模式为NIO
        bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
    }
    
    public ChannelFuture doRequest(String host, int port) throws InterruptedException{
        this.bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {

            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                ChannelHandler[] handlers = new ChannelHandler[3];
                handlers[0] = new FixedLengthFrameDecoder(3);
                // 字符串解码器Handler，会自动处理channelRead方法的msg参数，将ByteBuf类型的数据转换为字符串对象
                handlers[1] = new StringDecoder(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
                handlers[2] = new Client4FixedLengthHandler();
                
                ch.pipeline().addLast(handlers);
            }
        });
        ChannelFuture future = this.bootstrap.connect(host, port).sync();
        return future;
    }
    
    public void release(){
        this.group.shutdownGracefully();
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Client4FixedLength client = null;
        ChannelFuture future = null;
        try{
            client = new Client4FixedLength();
            
            future = client.doRequest("localhost", 9999);
            
            Scanner s = null;
            while(true){
                s = new Scanner(System.in);
                System.out.print("enter message send to server > ");
                String line = s.nextLine();
                byte[] bs = new byte[5];
                byte[] temp = line.getBytes("UTF-8");
                if(temp.length <= 5){
                    for(int i = 0; i < temp.length; i++){
                        bs[i] = temp[i];
                    }
                }
                future.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(bs));
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            if(null != future){
                try {
                    future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(null != client){
                client.release();
            }
        }
    }
    
}


package com.bjsxt.socket.netty.fixedlength;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;

public class Client4FixedLengthHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        try{
            String message = msg.toString();
            System.out.println("from server : " + message);
        }finally{
            // 用于释放缓存。避免内存溢出
            ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("client exceptionCaught method run...");
        // cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

}

特殊结束符

客户端和服务器，协商定义一个特殊的分隔符号，分隔符号长度自定义。如：‘#’、‘_’、‘AA@’。在通讯的时候，只要没有发送分隔符号，则代表一条数据没有结束。

/**
 * 1. 双线程组
 * 2. Bootstrap配置启动信息
 * 3. 注册业务处理Handler
 * 4. 绑定服务监听端口并启动服务
 */
package com.bjsxt.socket.netty.delimiter;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler.Sharable;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;

public class Server4Delimiter {
    // 监听线程组，监听客户端请求
    private EventLoopGroup acceptorGroup = null;
    // 处理客户端相关操作线程组，负责处理与客户端的数据通讯
    private EventLoopGroup clientGroup = null;
    // 服务启动相关配置信息
    private ServerBootstrap bootstrap = null;
    public Server4Delimiter(){
        init();
    }
    private void init(){
        acceptorGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        clientGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
        // 绑定线程组
        bootstrap.group(acceptorGroup, clientGroup);
        // 设定通讯模式为NIO
        bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
        // 设定缓冲区大小
        bootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024);
        // SO_SNDBUF发送缓冲区，SO_RCVBUF接收缓冲区，SO_KEEPALIVE开启心跳监测（保证连接有效）
        bootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_SNDBUF, 16*1024)
            .option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 16*1024)
            .option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
    }
    public ChannelFuture doAccept(int port) throws InterruptedException{
        
        bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {

            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                // 数据分隔符, 定义的数据分隔符一定是一个ByteBuf类型的数据对象。
                ByteBuf delimiter = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("$E$".getBytes());
                ChannelHandler[] acceptorHandlers = new ChannelHandler[3];
                // 处理固定结束标记符号的Handler。这个Handler没有@Sharable注解修饰，
                // 必须每次初始化通道时创建一个新对象
                // 使用特殊符号分隔处理数据粘包问题，也要定义每个数据包最大长度。netty建议数据有最大长度。
                acceptorHandlers[0] = new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(1024, delimiter);
                // 字符串解码器Handler，会自动处理channelRead方法的msg参数，将ByteBuf类型的数据转换为字符串对象
                acceptorHandlers[1] = new StringDecoder(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
                acceptorHandlers[2] = new Server4DelimiterHandler();
                ch.pipeline().addLast(acceptorHandlers);
            }
        });
        ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
        return future;
    }
    public void release(){
        this.acceptorGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        this.clientGroup.shutdownGracefully();
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ChannelFuture future = null;
        Server4Delimiter server = null;
        try{
            server = new Server4Delimiter();
            
            future = server.doAccept(9999);
            System.out.println("server started.");
            future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        }catch(InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            if(null != future){
                try {
                    future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            
            if(null != server){
                server.release();
            }
        }
    }
    
}


package com.bjsxt.socket.netty.delimiter;

import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;

public class Server4DelimiterHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
    
    // 业务处理逻辑
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        String message = msg.toString();
        System.out.println("from client : " + message);
        String line = "server message $E$ test delimiter handler!! $E$ second message $E$";
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(line.getBytes("UTF-8")));
    }
    

    // 异常处理逻辑
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("server exceptionCaught method run...");
        // cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

}


/**
 * 1. 单线程组
 * 2. Bootstrap配置启动信息
 * 3. 注册业务处理Handler
 * 4. connect连接服务，并发起请求
 */
package com.bjsxt.socket.netty.delimiter;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;

public class Client4Delimiter {
    
    // 处理请求和处理服务端响应的线程组
    private EventLoopGroup group = null;
    // 服务启动相关配置信息
    private Bootstrap bootstrap = null;
    
    public Client4Delimiter(){
        init();
    }
    
    private void init(){
        group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
        // 绑定线程组
        bootstrap.group(group);
        // 设定通讯模式为NIO
        bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
    }
    
    public ChannelFuture doRequest(String host, int port) throws InterruptedException{
        this.bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {

            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                // 数据分隔符
                ByteBuf delimiter = Unpooled.copiedBuffer("$E$".getBytes());
                ChannelHandler[] handlers = new ChannelHandler[3];
                handlers[0] = new DelimiterBasedFrameDecoder(1024, delimiter);
                // 字符串解码器Handler，会自动处理channelRead方法的msg参数，将ByteBuf类型的数据转换为字符串对象
                handlers[1] = new StringDecoder(Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
                handlers[2] = new Client4DelimiterHandler();
                
                ch.pipeline().addLast(handlers);
            }
        });
        ChannelFuture future = this.bootstrap.connect(host, port).sync();
        return future;
    }
    
    public void release(){
        this.group.shutdownGracefully();
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Client4Delimiter client = null;
        ChannelFuture future = null;
        try{
            client = new Client4Delimiter();
            
            future = client.doRequest("localhost", 9999);
            
            Scanner s = null;
            while(true){
                s = new Scanner(System.in);
                System.out.print("enter message send to server > ");
                String line = s.nextLine();
                future.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(line.getBytes("UTF-8")));
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            if(null != future){
                try {
                    future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(null != client){
                client.release();
            }
        }
    }
    
}


package com.bjsxt.socket.netty.delimiter;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;

public class Client4DelimiterHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        try{
            String message = msg.toString();
            System.out.println("from server : " + message);
        }finally{
            // 用于释放缓存。避免内存溢出
            ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("client exceptionCaught method run...");
        // cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

}

协议

相对最成熟的数据传递方式。有服务器的开发者提供一个固定格式的协议标准。客户端和服务器发送数据和接受数据的时候，都依据协议制定和解析消息。

/**
 * 1. 双线程组
 * 2. Bootstrap配置启动信息
 * 3. 注册业务处理Handler
 * 4. 绑定服务监听端口并启动服务
 */
package com.bjsxt.socket.netty.protocol;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;

public class Server4Protocol {
    // 监听线程组，监听客户端请求
    private EventLoopGroup acceptorGroup = null;
    // 处理客户端相关操作线程组，负责处理与客户端的数据通讯
    private EventLoopGroup clientGroup = null;
    // 服务启动相关配置信息
    private ServerBootstrap bootstrap = null;
    public Server4Protocol(){
        init();
    }
    private void init(){
        acceptorGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        clientGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        bootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
        // 绑定线程组
        bootstrap.group(acceptorGroup, clientGroup);
        // 设定通讯模式为NIO
        bootstrap.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class);
        // 设定缓冲区大小
        bootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024);
        // SO_SNDBUF发送缓冲区，SO_RCVBUF接收缓冲区，SO_KEEPALIVE开启心跳监测（保证连接有效）
        bootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_SNDBUF, 16*1024)
            .option(ChannelOption.SO_RCVBUF, 16*1024)
            .option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
    }
    public ChannelFuture doAccept(int port, final ChannelHandler... acceptorHandlers) throws InterruptedException{
        
        bootstrap.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {

            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
                ch.pipeline().addLast(acceptorHandlers);
            }
        });
        ChannelFuture future = bootstrap.bind(port).sync();
        return future;
    }
    public void release(){
        this.acceptorGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        this.clientGroup.shutdownGracefully();
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args){
        ChannelFuture future = null;
        Server4Protocol server = null;
        try{
            server = new Server4Protocol();
            future = server.doAccept(9999,new Server4ProtocolHandler());
            System.out.println("server started.");
            
            future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
        }catch(InterruptedException e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            if(null != future){
                try {
                    future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            
            if(null != server){
                server.release();
            }
        }
    }
    
}


/**
 * @Sharable注解 - 
 *  代表当前Handler是一个可以分享的处理器。也就意味着，服务器注册此Handler后，可以分享给多个客户端同时使用。
 *  如果不使用注解描述类型，则每次客户端请求时，必须为客户端重新创建一个新的Handler对象。
 *  
 */
package com.bjsxt.socket.netty.protocol;

import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler.Sharable;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;

@Sharable
public class Server4ProtocolHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {
    
    // 业务处理逻辑
    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        String message = msg.toString();
        System.out.println("server receive protocol content : " + message);
        message = ProtocolParser.parse(message);
        if(null == message){
            System.out.println("error request from client");
            return ;
        }
        System.out.println("from client : " + message);
        String line = "server message";
        line = ProtocolParser.transferTo(line);
        System.out.println("server send protocol content : " + line);
        ctx.writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(line.getBytes("UTF-8")));
    }

    // 异常处理逻辑
    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("server exceptionCaught method run...");
        cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }
    
    static class ProtocolParser{
        public static String parse(String message){
            String[] temp = message.split("HEADBODY");
            temp[0] = temp[0].substring(4);
            temp[1] = temp[1].substring(0, (temp[1].length()-4));
            int length = Integer.parseInt(temp[0].substring(temp[0].indexOf(":")+1));
            if(length != temp[1].length()){
                return null;
            }
            return temp[1];
        }
        public static String transferTo(String message){
            message = "HEADcontent-length:" + message.length() + "HEADBODY" + message + "BODY";
            return message;
        }
    }

}


/**
 * 1. 单线程组
 * 2. Bootstrap配置启动信息
 * 3. 注册业务处理Handler
 * 4. connect连接服务，并发起请求
 */
package com.bjsxt.socket.netty.protocol;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandler;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;

public class Client4Protocol {
    
    // 处理请求和处理服务端响应的线程组
    private EventLoopGroup group = null;
    // 服务启动相关配置信息
    private Bootstrap bootstrap = null;
    
    public Client4Protocol(){
        init();
    }
    
    private void init(){
        group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
        // 绑定线程组
        bootstrap.group(group);
        // 设定通讯模式为NIO
        bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
    }
    
    public ChannelFuture doRequest(String host, int port, final ChannelHandler... handlers) throws InterruptedException{
        this.bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {

            @Override
            protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder(Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
                ch.pipeline().addLast(handlers);
            }
        });
        ChannelFuture future = this.bootstrap.connect(host, port).sync();
        return future;
    }
    
    public void release(){
        this.group.shutdownGracefully();
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Client4Protocol client = null;
        ChannelFuture future = null;
        try{
            client = new Client4Protocol();
            future = client.doRequest("localhost", 9999, new Client4ProtocolHandler());
            
            Scanner s = null;
            while(true){
                s = new Scanner(System.in);
                System.out.print("enter message send to server > ");
                String line = s.nextLine();
                line = Client4ProtocolHandler.ProtocolParser.transferTo(line);
                System.out.println("client send protocol content : " + line);
                future.channel().writeAndFlush(Unpooled.copiedBuffer(line.getBytes("UTF-8")));
                TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);
            }
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            if(null != future){
                try {
                    future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if(null != client){
                client.release();
            }
        }
    }
    
}


package com.bjsxt.socket.netty.protocol;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.util.ReferenceCountUtil;

public class Client4ProtocolHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter {

    @Override
    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
        try{
            String message = msg.toString();
            System.out.println("client receive protocol content : " + message);
            message = ProtocolParser.parse(message);
            if(null == message){
                System.out.println("error response from server");
                return ;
            }
            System.out.println("from server : " + message);
        }finally{
            // 用于释放缓存。避免内存溢出
            ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("client exceptionCaught method run...");
        // cause.printStackTrace();
        ctx.close();
    }

    static class ProtocolParser{
        public static String parse(String message){
            String[] temp = message.split("HEADBODY");
            temp[0] = temp[0].substring(4);
            temp[1] = temp[1].substring(0, (temp[1].length()-4));
            int length = Integer.parseInt(temp[0].substring(temp[0].indexOf(":")+1));
            if(length != temp[1].length()){
                return null;
            }
            return temp[1];
        }
        public static String transferTo(String message){
            message = "HEADcontent-length:" + message.length() + "HEADBODY" + message + "BODY";
            return message;
        }
    }

}

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