Appium iOS、Android自动化测试+性能检测

作者: 云醉倚清风 | 来源:发表于2023-04-03 16:04 被阅读0次

Android和iOS的14款最佳移动应用测试工具（2019年）
软件自动化测试开发-3期开班啦
Appium简介
appium的环境搭建
appium简介以及基础环境搭建
01: Appium介绍
在Windows上部署环境
【目录-实践总结】
一 APPIUM基本理论知识
2018-02-07Appium1.3.2-IOS11-Xcod

测试系统说明：

mac OS：14.0
Xcode： 15.0.1
Appium Server：v2.2.1
Appium inspector：Appium-Inspector-mac-2023.3.1.dmg
Java： 17.0.7
iOS：17.1.1 iphone XR
npm：8.15.0
Android：12 华为P40

一：安装相关软件/插件

1：Appium Server桌面端

#安装
npm i --location=global appium
#安装成功
appium
#输出
[Appium] Welcome to Appium v2.2.1

需要安装iOS插件

appium driver install xcuitest

安装完注意重启Appium

2：HomeBrew相关插件

没有homeBrew参考 Homebrew国内如何自动安装

# 安装Node,Appium是一个node应用程序。
brew install node
# 安装appium
npm install -g appium
# 安装appium-doctor 检测iOS的Appium环境是否安装成功
npm install appium-doctor -g
# 检测
appium-doctor --ios

输出结果

mac@Mac-Pro % appium-doctor --ios              
WARN AppiumDoctor [Deprecated] Please use appium-doctor installed with "npm install @appium/doctor --location=global"
info AppiumDoctor Appium Doctor v.1.16.2
info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic for necessary dependencies starting ###
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ The Node.js binary was found at: /usr/local/bin/node
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Node version is 16.17.0
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Xcode is installed at: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Xcode Command Line Tools are installed in: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ DevToolsSecurity is enabled.
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ The Authorization DB is set up properly.
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ Carthage was found at: /usr/local/bin/carthage. Installed version is: 0.39.0
info AppiumDoctor  ✔ HOME is set to: /Users/mac
info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic for necessary dependencies completed, no fix needed. ###
info AppiumDoctor 
info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic for optional dependencies starting ###
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ opencv4nodejs cannot be found.
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ ffmpeg cannot be found
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ mjpeg-consumer cannot be found.
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ set-simulator-location is not installed
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ idb and idb_companion are not installed
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ applesimutils cannot be found
WARN AppiumDoctor  ✖ ios-deploy cannot be found
info AppiumDoctor ### Diagnostic for optional dependencies completed, 7 fixes possible. ###
info AppiumDoctor 
info AppiumDoctor ### Optional Manual Fixes ###
info AppiumDoctor The configuration can install optionally. Please do the following manually:
WARN AppiumDoctor  ➜ Why opencv4nodejs is needed and how to install it: http://appium.io/docs/en/writing-running-appium/image-comparison/
WARN AppiumDoctor  ➜ ffmpeg is needed to record screen features. Please read https://www.ffmpeg.org/ to install it
WARN AppiumDoctor  ➜ mjpeg-consumer module is required to use MJPEG-over-HTTP features. Please install it with 'npm i -g mjpeg-consumer'.
WARN AppiumDoctor  ➜ set-simulator-location is needed to set location for Simulator. Please read https://github.com/lyft/set-simulator-location to install it
WARN AppiumDoctor  ➜ Why idb is needed and how to install it: https://github.com/appium/appium-idb
WARN AppiumDoctor  ➜ Why applesimutils is needed and how to install it: http://appium.io/docs/en/drivers/ios-xcuitest/
WARN AppiumDoctor  ➜ ios-deploy is used as a fallback command to install iOS applications to real device. Please read https://github.com/ios-control/ios-deploy/ to install it
info AppiumDoctor 
info AppiumDoctor ###
info AppiumDoctor 
info AppiumDoctor Bye! Run appium-doctor again when all manual fixes have been applied!
info AppiumDoctor

比如我这里输出 Diagnostic for necessary dependencies completed, no fix needed.证明我得必备插件已安装

3：WebDriverAgent

WebDriverAgent简称WDA。它是由Facebook推出的一款移动端测试框架。它是在iOS客户端实现了一个WebDriver的Server，借助这个server，我们可以远程控制iOS设备进行测试。通过它能够进行启动、杀死应用，点击或者滚动等操作。

# 选择appium的WebDriverAgent源clone
git clone https://github.com/appium/WebDriverAgent

打开WebDriverAgent工程，Targets下WebDriverAgentKLib和WebDriverAgentRunner都需要录入开发者账号
选择WebDriverAgentRunner开始不会安装app
点击Product->Test 发现WebDriverAgentRunner App已安装
手机上显示Automation Running Hold both volume buttons to stop
控制台输出ServerURLHere->http://172.16.xx.xx:8100<-ServerURLHere
浏览器输入http://172.16.xx.xx:8100/status

{
  "value": {
    "message": "WebDriverAgent is ready to accept commands",
    "state": "success",
    "os": {
      "testmanagerdVersion": 28,
      "name": "iOS",
      "sdkVersion": "16.1",
      "version": "16.2"
    },
    "ios": {
      "ip": "172.16.38.157"
    },
    "ready": true,
    "build": {
      "time": "Mar 31 2023 09:52:07",
      "productBundleIdentifier": "com.facebook.WebDriverAgentRunner"
    }
  },
  "sessionId": null
}

4：Appium inspector

Appium Inspector是一个图形用户界面（GUI）工具，允许用户检查移动应用程序中元素的属性和属性。它是Appium测试自动化框架的一部分，并可用于为iOS和Android应用程序创建自动化测试。

通过Appium Inspector，我们可以：

检查应用程序中可用的UI元素
查看每个元素的属性和属性值
点击或输入文本来模拟用户与应用程序的交互
使用Appium Inspector生成测试代码，以便在多个设备和平台上运行测试

下载地址

5：Appium-Python-Client

用来执行录制好的脚本的pip install Appium-Python-Client

注意这里我使用pip3安装的，发现无法找到对应的包...这个是基于python2.x的

二：iOS测试记录

理解主要工具之间的关系

Appium Server：提供服务，驱动WebDriverAgent
Appium Inspector：采集界面元素，用于生成自动化测试的代码
WebDriverAgent驱动iOS界面执行自动化测试

下载测试项目：git clone https://github.com/appium/ios-uicatalog

1：启动Appium Server

Hose：配置为本机Ip
Port：默认即可

#执行
appium
#输出
[Appium] Welcome to Appium v2.2.1
[Appium] Attempting to load driver uiautomator2...
[Appium] Requiring driver at /Users/mac/.appium/node_modules/appium-uiautomator2-driver
[Appium] Appium REST http interface listener started on http://0.0.0.0:4723
[Appium] You can provide the following URLs in your client code to connect to this server:
[Appium]    http://127.0.0.1:4723/ (only accessible from the same host)
[Appium]    http://172.16.39.9:4723/
[Appium]    http://172.27.190.4:4723/
[Appium] Available drivers:
[Appium]   - uiautomator2@2.32.3 (automationName 'UiAutomator2')
[Appium] No plugins have been installed. Use the "appium plugin" command to install the one(s) you want to use.

2：启动 WebDriverAgent

若已经启动则跳过，必须启动，否则Appium Inspector启动会报错

3：启动Appium Inspector

Remote Host：配置为本机Ip
Remote Port：默认即可
Remote Path：不填
ssl：不开启

Desired Capabilities配置：

```json
{
  "platformName": "iOS",
  "appium:platformVersion": "16.2",
  "appium:deviceName": "iphone XR",
  "appium:udid": "xx",  //真机的udid，模拟器的自行查找
 "appium:automationName": "XCUITest",
  "appium:bundleId": "com.example.apple-samplecode.UICatalog" //测试目标的bundleId
}

点击启动后。Appium Server控制台输出相关成功提示

[BaseDriver] W3C capabilities and MJSONWP desired capabilities were provided
[BaseDriver] Creating session with W3C capabilities: {
[BaseDriver]   "alwaysMatch": {
[BaseDriver]     "platformName": "iOS",
[BaseDriver]     "appium:platformVersion": "16.2",
[BaseDriver]     "appium:deviceName": "iphone XR",
[BaseDriver]     "appium:udid": "00008020-000139860C2A002E",
[BaseDriver]     "appium:bundleId": "com.example.apple-samplecode.UICatalog",
[BaseDriver]     "appium:includeSafariInWebviews": true,
[BaseDriver]     "appium:newCommandTimeout": 3600,
[BaseDriver]     "appium:connectHardwareKeyboard": true
[BaseDriver]   },
[BaseDriver]   "firstMatch": [
[BaseDriver]     {}
[BaseDriver]   ]
[BaseDriver] }
[BaseDriver] Session created with session id: 047a1367-2490-42e9-a518-3c20e0cb886b

此时Appium Inspector图形界面已出来

4：开始录制可执行脚本

image.png

点击顶部操作栏中的start Recording。选择图形界面可点击区域点击，Selected Element出现定位按钮Tap，点击记录。

el1 = driver.find_element(by=AppiumBy.XPATH, value="//XCUIElementTypeApplication[@name=\"UIKitCatalog\"]/XCUIElementTypeWindow/XCUIElementTypeOther/XCUIElementTypeOther/XCUIElementTypeOther/XCUIElementTypeOther/XCUIElementTypeOther/XCUIElementTypeOther/XCUIElementTypeOther/XCUIElementTypeTable/XCUIElementTypeCell[2]/XCUIElementTypeOther[1]/XCUIElementTypeOther")
el1.click()
el2 = driver.find_element(by=AppiumBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID, value="Simple")
el2.click()

右上角选择自己熟悉的脚本语言。点击Show/Hide Boilerplate Code，Record出现：

# This sample code uses the Appium python client v2
# pip install Appium-Python-Client
# Then you can paste this into a file and simply run with Python

from appium import webdriver
from appium.webdriver.common.appiumby import AppiumBy

# For W3C actions
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.actions import interaction
from selenium.webdriver.common.actions.action_builder import ActionBuilder
from selenium.webdriver.common.actions.pointer_input import PointerInput

caps = {}
caps["platformName"] = "iOS"
caps["appium:platformVersion"] = "16.2"
caps["appium:deviceName"] = "iphone XR"
caps["appium:udid"] = "xx"
caps["appium:bundleId"] = "com.example.apple-samplecode.UICatalog"
caps["appium:includeSafariInWebviews"] = True
caps["appium:newCommandTimeout"] = 3600
caps["appium:connectHardwareKeyboard"] = True

driver = webdriver.Remote("http://172.16.xx.xx:4723/wd/hub", caps)

el1 = driver.find_element(by=AppiumBy.XPATH, value="//XCUIElementTypeApplication[@name=\"UIKitCatalog\"]/XCUIElementTypeWindow/XCUIElementTypeOther/XCUIElementTypeOther/XCUIElementTypeOther/XCUIElementTypeOther/XCUIElementTypeOther/XCUIElementTypeOther/XCUIElementTypeOther/XCUIElementTypeTable/XCUIElementTypeCell[2]/XCUIElementTypeOther[1]/XCUIElementTypeOther")
el1.click()
el2 = driver.find_element(by=AppiumBy.ACCESSIBILITY_ID, value="Simple")
el2.click()

driver.quit()

保存好py文件后，执行python xx.py 在此之前确保WebDriverAgent程序启动。

5：优化WebDriverAgent启动

为避免每次启动都需要通过Xcode，可以添加如下脚本启动执行。

# 先安装这个，用来获取连接设备的UDID
brew install libimobiledevice

# 解锁钥匙串，签名应用，PASSWORD为mac开机密码
PASSWORD="你自己的开机密码" 
security unlock-keychain -p $PASSWORD ~/Library/Keychains/login.keychain

# 获取设备的UDID
UDID=$(idevice_id -l | head -n1)

# 运行测试
xcodebuild -project WebDriverAgent.xcodeproj -scheme WebDriverAgentRunner -destination "id=$UDID" USE_PORT=8100 test

6：结合性能检测

这里使用python的tidevice库，可以获取iOS系统信息

import tidevice
from tidevice._perf import DataType

t = tidevice.Device()
perf = tidevice.Performance(t, [DataType.CPU, DataType.MEMORY])
def callback(_type: tidevice.DataType, value: dict):
    print("R:", _type.value, value)

perf.start("com.apple.Preferences", callback=callback)

结合点击相关事件，整理时间顺序即可得出操作相关的系统消耗

三：Android测试记录

需要安装Android插件

appium driver install uiautomator2

安装完注意重启Appium

1：启动Appium Server

配置与iOS一致

2：启动Appium Inspector

Desired Capabilities配置：

{
  "platformName": "Android",
  "appium:platformVersion": "12",
  "appium:deviceName": "NAB0220B05000915",
  "appium:appPackage": "com.xx.xx",
  "appium:appActivity": "com.xx.activity.WelcomeActivity",
"appium:automationName": "UiAutomator2"
}

deviceName：可通过命令adb devices查看
platformVersion：可在手机上查看，可通过命令adb shell getprop ro.build.version.release查看
appPackage：在app的buildgradle中查询，即appId
appActivity：在AndroidManifest.xml中可以看到<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />有次声明的即为启动的入口

注意1：添加的时候platformVersion这几个字段会默认补充appium：

注意2：除非与包名一致可以写.xxxxx，否则需要前往此Activity，确认其包路径，比如我的包名是com.example.test，我的启动Activity是com.example.test.startActivity，那么我得appActivity可以配置为.startActivity,如果在其他包下就需要写全路径

注意3：当存在多个devices的时候，需要使用命令adb -s xx 执行。

[BaseDriver] Session created with session id: e38bc109-43e2-4eac-883d-747565814895
[UiAutomator2] Starting 'com.vecentek.demo' directly on the device

此时Appium Inspector图形界面已出现

3：开始录制可执行脚本

记录方式与iOS一致，导出自己熟悉的脚本语言

# This sample code uses the Appium python client v2
# pip install Appium-Python-Client
# Then you can paste this into a file and simply run with Python

from appium import webdriver
from appium.webdriver.common.appiumby import AppiumBy
import time
# For W3C actions
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.actions import interaction
from selenium.webdriver.common.actions.action_builder import ActionBuilder
from selenium.webdriver.common.actions.pointer_input import PointerInput

caps = {}
caps["platformName"] = "Android"
caps["appium:platformVersion"] = "12"
caps["appium:deviceName"] = "NAB0220B05000915"
caps["appium:appPackage"] = "com.xx.xx"
caps["appium:appActivity"] = "com.xx.activity.WelcomeActivity"
caps["appium:ensureWebviewsHavePages"] = True
caps["appium:nativeWebScreenshot"] = True
caps["appium:newCommandTimeout"] = 3600
caps["appium:connectHardwareKeyboard"] = True

driver = webdriver.Remote("http://172.16.38.21:4723/wd/hub", caps)

#.....

driver.quit()

4：结合性能检测

这里需要用到python的subprocess库，能够很方便的执行adb命令，读取返回信息

import subprocess
import time

# adb -s NAB0220B05000915 shell dumpsys cpuinfo | grep com.example.myapp
adb_command = ['adb','-s', 'NAB0220B05000915', 'shell', 'dumpsys', 'cpuinfo', '|','grep','com.example.myapp']

while True:
    # 执行某个操作
    result = subprocess.run(adb_command, capture_output=True)

    # 获取命令输出
    output = result.stdout.decode('utf-8')
    print(output)

    # 暂停 1 秒钟
    time.sleep(1)

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测试系统说明：

一：安装相关软件/插件

1：Appium Server桌面端

2：HomeBrew相关插件

3：WebDriverAgent

4：Appium inspector

5：Appium-Python-Client

二：iOS测试记录

1：启动Appium Server

2：启动 WebDriverAgent

3：启动Appium Inspector

4：开始录制可执行脚本

5：优化WebDriverAgent启动

6：结合性能检测

三：Android测试记录

1：启动Appium Server

2：启动Appium Inspector

3：开始录制可执行脚本

4：结合性能检测

相关文章

Android和iOS的14款最佳移动应用测试工具（2019年）

软件自动化测试开发-3期开班啦

Appium简介

appium的环境搭建

appium简介以及基础环境搭建

01: Appium介绍

在Windows上部署环境

【目录-实践总结】

一 APPIUM基本理论知识

2018-02-07Appium1.3.2-IOS11-Xcod

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