第二三次核心课程
2014年12月第二套
2015年6月第一套（绿皮讲义+星火试卷）
2014.12 四级（第二套）
Passage One Page 13
Earlier this month, it was reported that the cost of enrolling an infant or small kid at a childcare center rose 3% in 2012, faster than the overall cost of living.
本月早些时候，有报道称，2012年，在儿童看护中心登记的婴儿或小孩的费用上升了3%，比总体生活成本还要快。
enrolling vt.登记，参加
There are no large strips of country where daycare for an infant costs more than a tenth of the average married couple's income.
在
strips =area 地带，区域
minute details 微小的细节
If it has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can't really achieve any economies of scale on labor.
如果它不得不为每两个孩子雇佣一个照顾者，那么它就不能真正实现任何规模的劳动经济。
economies of scale 规模经济
56. What problem do parents of small kids have to face?
57. What does the author feel puzzled about?
59. Why is the average cost of childcare in Mississippi much lower than in Massachusetts?
58. What prevents childcare centers from saving money?
60. What is the author 's view on daycare service?
56、小孩子的父母有什么问题要面对?
57、作者感到困惑的是什么?
59、为什么在密西西比的儿童保育的平均成本要比马萨诸塞州低得多呢?
58、是什么阻碍了儿童保育中心节省钱?
69、作者对日托服务的看法是什么?
56. What problem do parents of small kids have to face?
Children are a delight. They are our future. But sadly, hiring someone to take care of them while you go to work is getting more expensive by the year.
孩子们高兴。他们是我们的未来。但遗憾的是，在你去上班的时候雇人来照顾他们，这一年的开销会越来越大。
A) The selection of a good daycare center.
B) The ever-rising childcare prices v ever-rising 不断上升的
C) The budgeting of family expenses.
D) The balance between work and family.
A)选择一个好的日托中心。
B)不断增加的儿童保育费用
C)家庭开支的预算。
D)工作与家庭之间的平衡。
57. What does the author feel puzzled about?
This is not necessarily a new trend, but it is a somewhat puzzling one. The price of professional childcare has been rising since the 1980s. Yet during that time, pay for professional childcare workers has stood still. Actually caregivers make less today, in real terms, than they did in 1990. Considering that labor costs are responsible for up to 80% of a daycare center's expenses, one would expect flat wages to have meant flat prices.
这并不一定是一种新趋势，但这是一个令人困惑的趋势。自上世纪80年代以来，专业儿童保育的价格一直在上涨。然而，在这段时间里，为专业的儿童保育工作人员的工资却停滞不前。实际上，护理人员的实际情况比他们在实际中所做的要少1990年。考虑到劳动力成本占到日托中心的80%的费用，人们可能会认为工资的持平意味着物价的上涨。
A) Why there is a severe shortage of childcare professionals in a number of states(州).
severe shortage 严重短缺
B) Why the prices of childcare vary greatly from state to state.
C) Why increased childcare prices have not led to better service.
D) Why childcare workers' pay(工资) has not increased with the rising childcare costs.
A)为什么在许多州都有儿童保育专家的严重短缺。
B)为什么儿童保育的价格因各州而异。
C)为什么提高儿童保育价格并没有带来更好的服务。
D)为什么儿童保育工作者的工资没有随着儿童保育费用的增加而增加。
59. Why is the average cost of childcare in Mississippi much lower than in Massachusetts?
Childcare is a carefully regulated industry. States lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other minute details.And the stricter the regulations, the higher the costs. If it has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can't really achieve any economics of scale on labor to save money when other expenses go up. In Massachusetts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infants, the price of care averaged more than $16,000 per year. In Mississippi, where centers must hire one teacher for every five infants, the price of care averaged less than 55,000.
儿童保育是一个受到严格管制的行业。各州制定了关于每个员工可以照看多少孩子的规定，每个孩子需要多少个孩子，以及其他的细节。而监管越严格，成本就越高。如果需要为每两个孩子雇一个保姆，那么在其他费用上涨的时候，它就无法真正实现劳动经济的规模经济效益。在马萨诸塞州，儿童保育中心必须为每三个婴儿雇一名教师，每年的护理费用平均超过1.6万美元。在密西西比州，每个中心都必须雇用一名教师，每5名婴儿，平均护理费用低于平均水平 55000。
A) Each teacher is allowed to care for more kids.
B) The overall quality of service is not as good.
C) Payments for caregivers there are not as high.
D) Living expenses there are comparatively low.
A)每个老师都被允许照顾更多的孩子。v
B)服务的整体质量不太好。
C)支付给照顾者的费用没有那么高。
D)生活费用相对较低。
58. What prevents childcare centers from saving money?
Childcare is a carefully regulated industry. States lay down rules about how many children each employee is allowed to watch over, the space care centers need per child, and other minute details.And the stricter the regulations, the higher the costs. If it has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can't really achieve any economics of scale on labor to save money when other expenses go up. In Massachusetts, where childcare centers must hire one teacher for every three infants, the price of care averaged more than $16,000 per year. In Mississippi, where centers must hire one teacher for every five infants, the price of care averaged less than 55,000.
儿童保育是一个受到严格管制的行业。各州制定了关于每个员工可以照看多少孩子的规定，每个孩子需要多少个空间，以及其他的细节。而监管越严格，成本就越高。如果需要为每两个孩子雇一个保姆，那么在其他费用上涨的时候，它就无法真正实现劳动经济的规模经济效益。在马萨诸塞州，儿童保育中心必须为每三个婴儿雇一名教师，每年的护理费用平均超过1.6万美元。在密西西比州，每个中心都必须雇用一名教师，每5名婴儿，平均护理费用低于平均水平55000元。
A) High administrative expenses.
B) Steady increase in labor costs.
C) Strict government regulations.
D) Lack of support from the state.
A)高的行政费用。
B)劳动力成本稳步上升。
C)严格的政府法规。 v
D)缺乏来自国家的支持。
60. What is the author 's view on daycare service?
Unfortunately, I don't have all the daycare-center regulations handy. But I wouldn't be surprised if as the rules have become more elaborate, prices have risen. The trade be worth it in some cases; after all, the health and safety of children should probably come before cheap service. But certainly, it doesn't seem to be an accident that some of the cheapest daycare available is in the least regulated South.
不幸的是，我手边没有所有的日间护理中心的规定。但如果规则变得更加复杂，价格上涨，我也不会感到惊讶。在某些情况下，这种交易是值得的;毕竟，儿童的健康和安全应该在廉价服务之前。但毫无疑问，一些最便宜的日托所是在最不受监管的南部地区，这似乎并非偶然。
A) It is better for different states to learn from each other.
B) Caregivers should receive regular professional training.
C) Less elaborate rules about children might lower costs.
D) It is crucial to strike a balance between quality and costs.
A)最好是不同的州互相学习。
B)照护者应定期接受专业训练。
C)关于儿童的不太详细的规定可能会降低成本。
D)在质量和成本之间取得平衡是至关重要的。
2014.12 四级(第二套) Passage Two Page 15
61. Alex Pang's new book is aimed for readers who
62. What does Alex Pang try to do in his new book?
63. What is the common view on multitasking?
64. What does the author think of computer-aided design?
65. What is Ales Pang's recommendation for Internet users?
61、Alex庞的新书面向的读者是————
62、在他的新书中，Alex彭日成想要做些什么?
63、多任务处理的共同观点是什么?
64、作者对计算机辅助设计的看法如何?
65、Ales Pang对互联网用户的建议是什么?
Alex Pang's amusing new book The Distraction(分心) Addiction(成瘾) addresses(向...说话) those of us who feel panic without a cellphone or computer.
Alex庞的这本有趣的新书让我们对那些在没有手机或电脑的情况下感到恐慌的人感到不安。
Distraction Addiction 如何让成瘾的人分心
amusing 有趣的
personification 拟人
The Distraction Addiction is not framed as a self-help book.It's a thoughtful examination of the dangers of our computing overdose and a historical overview of how technological advances change consciousness.
分心成瘾并不是一本自我激励的书。这是对我们计算过量的危险的一个深思熟虑的研究，也是对科技进步如何改变意识的历史概述。
overdose 过度服药；过度使用
Keep logs (保存日志) to study your online profile and decide what you can knock out, download a program like Freedom that locks you out of your browser, or take a "digital Sabbath(安息日)"
保存日志，研究你的在线资料，决定你可以敲出什么，下载一个类似于自由的程序，把你从浏览器中锁出来，或者“数字安息日”。
61. Alex Pang's new book is aimed for readers who
Alex Pang's amusing new book The Distraction Addiction addresses those of us who feel panic without a cellphone or computer. And that, he claims, is pretty much all of us. When we're not online, where we spend four months annually, we're engaged in the stressful work of trying to get online.
Alex庞的这本有趣的新书分散了注意力，对那些在没有手机或电脑的情况下感到恐慌的人来说。他声称，这几乎是我们所有人的全部。当我们不在网上的时候，我们每年要花四个月的时间，我们就在努力想要上网。
A) can hardly tear themselves away from the Internet
B) find their work.online too stressful
C) go online mainly for entertainment
D) are fearful about using the cellphone or computer
A)很难将自己从互联网上撕掉。 v
B)发现他们的工作。网络太紧张
C)上网主要是为了娱乐
D)害怕使用手机或电脑
tear sth away from 让...与什么分开
62. What does Alex Pang try to do in his new book?
A) Examine the influence of technology on the human mind.
B) Offer advice on how to use the Internet effectively.
C) Warn people of the possible dangers of internet use.
D) Predict the trend of future technological development.
A)研究科技对人类思想的影响。
B)就如何有效地使用互联网提供建议。
C)警告人们网络使用可能的危险。
D)预测未来技术发展的趋势。
The Distraction Addiction is not framed as a self-help book. It's a thoughtful examination of the dangers of our computing overdose and a historical overview of how technological advances change consciousness. A "professional futurist", Pang urges an approach which he calls "contemplative computing." He asks that you pay full attention to "how your mind and body interact with computers and how your attention and creativity are influenced by technology."
分心成瘾并不是一本自我激励的书。这是对我们过量的电脑危险的一个深思熟虑的研究，也是对科技进步如何改变意识的历史概述。他是一位“专业的未来学家”，他认为这是一种被他称为“沉思的电脑”的方法。他要求你充分关注“你的思想和身体如何与电脑互动，以及你的注意力和创造力如何受到科技的影响。”
63. What is the common view on multitasking?
A) It distracts people's attention from useful work.
B) It enables people to work more efficiently.
C) It is a way quite similar to switch-tasking.
D) It makes people's work and life even harder.'
63.多任务处理的共同观点是什么?
A)把人们的注意力从有用的工作上转移开来。
B)使人们能够更有效地工作。
C)这是一种非常类似于切换任务的方式。
D)它使人们的工作和生活更加困难。
Pang's first job is to free you from the common misconception t at doing two things at once allows you to get more done. What is commonly called multitasking is, in fact, switch-tasking, and its harmful effects on productivity are well documented. Pang doesn't advocate returning to a pre-Internet world. Instead, he asks you to "take a more ecological (生态的) view of your relationships with technologies and look for ways devices or media may be making specific tasks easier or faster but at the same time making your work and life harder."
庞的第一份工作就是让你从一种常见的误解中解脱出来，那就是做两件事，让你做更多的事情。通常被称为多任务处理的，实际上是转换任务，以及它对生产力的有害影响。庞并不主张回到互联网前的世界。相反,他要求你“更生态(生态的)对你的人际关系与技术和寻找方法设备或媒体可以简化特定任务或更快的同时让你的工作和生活更加困难。”
64. What does the author think of computer-aided design?
A) It can free architects from laborious drawing.
B) It considerably cuts down the cost of building design.
C) It somewhat restrains architects' productive thinking.
D) It is indispensable in architects' work process.
64. 作者认为计算机辅助设计是什么?
A)它可以使建筑师从费力的绘画中解放出来。
B)大大降低了建筑设计的成本。
C)在一定程度上限制了建筑师的生产思维。
D)在建筑师的工作过程中是不可或缺的。
The Distraction Addiction is particularly fascinating on how technologies have changed certain fields of labor—often for the worse. For architects, computer aided design has become essential but in some ways has cheapened the design process. As one architect puts it, "Architecture is first and foremost about thinking...and dawing is a more productive way of thinking" than computer aided design. Somewhat less amusing are Pang's solutions for kicking the Internet habit.
He recommends the usual behavior-modification approaches, familiar to anyone who has completed a quit-smoking program. Keep logs to study your online profile and decide what you can knock out, download a program like Freedom that locks you out of your browser, or take a "digital Sabbath )": "Unless you're a reporter or emergency-department doctor, you'll discover that your world doesn't fall apart when you go offline."
分心成瘾尤其让人着迷的是，技术如何改变了某些领域的劳动，而这些领域往往更糟。对于架构师来说，计算机辅助设计已经变得至关重要，但在某些方面降低了设计过程。正如一位建筑师所言，“建筑首先是思考……”而“道明”是一种比计算机辅助设计更有效的思维方式。彭先生的解决网络习惯的方法有点不那么有趣。
他推荐了通常的行为修改方法，对任何已经完成戒烟计划的人都很熟悉。保存日志，研究你的在线资料，决定你可以敲出什么，下载一个类似于自由的程序，把你从浏览器中锁出来，或者“数字安息日”。“除非你是记者或急诊部的医生，否则你会发现你的世界在你下线时不会崩溃。”
65. What is Ales Pang's recommendation for Internet users?
A) They entertain themselves online on off-days only.
B) They use the Internet as little as possible.
C) They keep a record of their computer use time.
D) They exercise self-control over their time online.
65、Ales Pang对互联网用户的建议是什么?
A)他们只在网上娱乐自己。
B)他们尽可能少地使用互联网。
C)他们记录电脑的使用时间。
D)他们在网络上进行自我控制。
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