1.启动蓝牙适配器与搜索蓝牙
# 查看蓝牙适配器
$ hciconfig
hci0: Type: Primary Bus: USB
BD Address: 20:32:33:3C:2B:27 ACL MTU: 1021:6 SCO MTU: 255:12
UP RUNNING
RX bytes:4404 acl:19 sco:0 events:310 errors:0
TX bytes:29537 acl:19 sco:0 commands:246 errors:0
# 开启蓝牙适配器
$ sudo hciconfig hci0 up
#关闭蓝牙适配器
$sudo hciconfig hci0 down
# 搜索普通蓝牙
$ hcitool scan
# 搜索BLE蓝牙
$ sudo hcitool lescan
LE Scan ...
55:D8:80:D4:47:8D (unknown)
72:AB:2E:49:75:93 (unknown)
DD:0D:30:00:18:9D (unknown)
5C:90:AD:B6:40:9C (unknown)
64:BB:A7:4B:B4:B2 (unknown)
35:1A:4A:72:C8:9A (unknown)
1C:99:C7:EE:32:FF (unknown)
77:3E:2C:8E:F7:F8 (unknown)
4E:BC:B7:7F:E9:CE (unknown)
DD:0D:30:00:18:9D FSC-BT901-LE
F4:52:53:51:F5:39 iVS101 F539
77:3E:2C:8E:F7:F8 (unknown)
F4:52:53:51:F5:39 (unknown)
2.使用gatttool与BLE设备通讯
# 与BLE设备交互式通讯
$ sudo gatttool -t random -b F4:52:53:51:F5:39 -I
[F4:52:53:51:F5:39][LE]> help
help Show this help
exit Exit interactive mode
quit Exit interactive mode
connect [address [address type]] Connect to a remote device
disconnect Disconnect from a remote device
primary [UUID] Primary Service Discovery
included [start hnd [end hnd]] Find Included Services
characteristics [start hnd [end hnd [UUID]]] Characteristics Discovery
char-desc [start hnd] [end hnd] Characteristics Descriptor Discovery
char-read-hnd <handle> Characteristics Value/Descriptor Read by handle
char-read-uuid <UUID> [start hnd] [end hnd] Characteristics Value/Descriptor Read by UUID
char-write-req <handle> <new value> Characteristic Value Write (Write Request)
char-write-cmd <handle> <new value> Characteristic Value Write (No response)
sec-level [low | medium | high] Set security level. Default: low
mtu <value> Exchange MTU for GATT/ATT
# 连接BLE
[F4:52:53:51:F5:39][LE]> connect
Connection successful
# 寻找BLE设备中可用的服务
[F4:52:53:51:F5:39][LE]> primary
#attr handle是服务的句柄，uuid是服务的类型标识
attr handle: 0x0001, end grp handle: 0x0007 uuid: 00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb # generic access 服务
attr handle: 0x0008, end grp handle: 0x0008 uuid: 00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb # generic attribute 服务
attr handle: 0x0009, end grp handle: 0xffff uuid: 6e400001-b5a3-f393-e0a9-e50e24dcca9e # 未知服务
# 查看设备服务的特性
# handle是特性的句柄，char properties是特性的权限，char value handle是特性的数值句柄，uuid是特性的类型标识
[F4:52:53:51:F5:39][LE]> characteristics
handle: 0x0002, char properties: 0x0a, char value handle: 0x0003, uuid: 00002a00-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb # Device Name
handle: 0x0004, char properties: 0x02, char value handle: 0x0005, uuid: 00002a01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb # Appearance
handle: 0x0006, char properties: 0x02, char value handle: 0x0007, uuid: 00002a04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb # Peripheral Preferred Connection Parameters
handle: 0x000a, char properties: 0x10, char value handle: 0x000b, uuid: 6e400003-b5a3-f393-e0a9-e50e24dcca9e
handle: 0x000d, char properties: 0x0c, char value handle: 0x000e, uuid: 6e400002-b5a3-f393-e0a9-e50e24dcca9e
handle: 0x000f, char properties: 0x0c, char value handle: 0x0010, uuid: 6e400004-b5a3-f393-e0a9-e50e24dcca9e
# 通过特性的数值句柄(char value handle)发送数据
[F4:52:53:51:F5:39][LE]> char-write-req 0x000e FFFFFFFFFF0B0108010102010301010103
Characteristic value was written successfully
# 通过特性的数值句柄(char value handle)读取数值
[F4:52:53:51:F5:39][LE]> char-read-hnd 0x000b
Characteristic value/descriptor: f9 21 92 19 21 00 65 01 49 49 21 09 20 09 21 09 22 09 23 09
# 设置安全等级为高，可以让设备长时间 Ubuntu保持连接
[F4:52:53:51:F5:39][LE]> sec-level high
# 断开连接
[F4:52:53:51:F5:39][LE]> disconnect
3.与BLE设备非交互式通讯
$ gatttool --help-all
Usage:
gatttool [OPTION?]
Help Options:
-h, --help Show help options
--help-all Show all help options
--help-gatt Show all GATT commands
--help-params Show all Primary Services/Characteristics arguments
--help-char-read-write Show all Characteristics Value/Descriptor Read/Write arguments
GATT commands
--primary Primary Service Discovery
--characteristics Characteristics Discovery
--char-read Characteristics Value/Descriptor Read
--char-write Characteristics Value Write Without Response (Write Command)
--char-write-req Characteristics Value Write (Write Request)
--char-desc Characteristics Descriptor Discovery
--listen Listen for notifications and indications
Primary Services/Characteristics arguments
-s, --start=0x0001 Starting handle(optional)
-e, --end=0xffff Ending handle(optional)
-u, --uuid=0x1801 UUID16 or UUID128(optional)
Characteristics Value/Descriptor Read/Write arguments
-a, --handle=0x0001 Read/Write characteristic by handle(required)
-n, --value=0x0001 Write characteristic value (required for write operation)
Application Options:
-i, --adapter=hciX Specify local adapter interface
-b, --device=MAC Specify remote Bluetooth address
-t, --addr-type=[public | random] Set LE address type. Default: public
-m, --mtu=MTU Specify the MTU size
-p, --psm=PSM Specify the PSM for GATT/ATT over BR/EDR
-l, --sec-level=[low | medium | high] Set security level. Default: low
-I, --interactive Use interactive mode
# 寻找BLE设备中可用的服务
$ sudo gatttool -t random -b F4:52:53:51:F5:39 --primary
attr handle = 0x0001, end grp handle = 0x0007 uuid: 00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
attr handle = 0x0008, end grp handle = 0x0008 uuid: 00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb
attr handle = 0x0009, end grp handle = 0xffff uuid: 6e400001-b5a3-f393-e0a9-e50e24dcca9e
# 查看设备服务的特性
$ sudo gatttool -t random -b F4:52:53:51:F5:39 --characteristics
# 通过特性的数值句柄(char value handle)读取数值
$ sudo gatttool -t random -b F4:52:53:51:F5:39 --char-read -a 0x000b
# 通过特性的数值句柄(char value handle)发送数据
$ sudo gatttool -t random -b F4:52:53:51:F5:39 --char-write-req -a 0x000e -n FFFFFFFFFF0B0108010102010301010103
4.BLE的UUID
低功耗蓝牙使用的UUID被分为5组：
- 0x1800 ~ 0x26FF：服务类型；
- 0x2700 ~ 0x27FF：计量单位；
- 0x2800 ~ 0x28FF：属性类型；
- 0x2900 ~ 0x29FF：特性描述；
- 0x2A00 ~ 0x7FFF：特性类型；
下面是SIG官网对各组UUID定义的链接地址：
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