Leading Questions首要问题
I would like to assume that nobody sets out to deliberately be any of the kinds of poor leaders described above. However, I know that effective leadership isn’t easy. It takes work. If you’re making a commitment to adopt an improvisational approach to leadership, you’re taking a huge step toward open, honest, heartfelt communication with the people working for you. With leadership traits that range from love to passion to self-awareness to trust, an improvisational leader is a heart-led leader.12 That kind of communication can’t help but produce better results, no matter what goal you’re leading your team toward.
我想假设没有人会故意成为上述任何类型的贫困领导人。但是，我知道有效的领导并不容易。这需要工作。如果您承诺采取即兴的领导方式，那么您将朝着与为您工作的人们进行公开，诚实，衷心的沟通迈出一大步。领导特质从爱到激情，再到自我意识再到信任，一个即兴的领导者就是一个由心领导的领导者。12无论您领导团队的目标是什么，这种沟通都无济于事往。
However, to achieve those results the initial commitment to an improvisational style has to be maintained. One of my favorite gut checks for testing if you’re on path to leading with authority is a series of four simple questions, introduced to me by my colleague Kate Duffy. For my dollar, to lead effectively, not only should you be able to answer these four questions for yourself; you should also be able to answer them from the perspective of those you are leading:
但是，要获得这些结果，必须保持对即兴风格的最初承诺。我最喜欢的一种检查方法是测试四个简单的问题，这些问题由我的同事凯特·达菲（Kate Duffy）向我介绍，以测试您是否正在朝着权威的方向迈进。为了我的美元，要有效地领导，您不仅应该能够自己回答这四个问题，而且还应为自己解决问题。您还应该能够从领导者的角度回答他们：
Why this?
Why now?
What do I have to do?
What’s in it for me?
为什么这个？
为什么现在？
我需要做什么？
对我有什么用？
By answering these questions as a leader, you put yourself in the position to lead anything, and this approach is particularly useful when you are leading change in the workplace. Let’s suppose for a moment that by virtue of my endowed (or implied) status as author I am in a leadership position and you, the readers, are my team. My goal is to challenge you to change your own leadership style from whatever you’re currently doing to a style based in improvisation. Here’s how I would handle the four questions if it were my goal to bring the tenets of improvisation into my firm.
通过作为领导者回答这些问题，您可以领导任何事情，而当您领导工作场所的变革时，这种方法特别有用。让我们假设一下，由于我作为作者的特殊（或默示）身份，我处于领导地位，而您（读者）是我的团队。我的目标是挑战您将自己的领导风格从目前的工作方式更改为即兴创作风格。如果这是我将即兴创作的宗旨带入我的公司的目标，那么我将如何处理这四个问题。
Why this?
Because, as mentioned, improv thrives at the critical point where strategy and planning meet execution. Because improv provides a communications-based set of tools and techniques that forces you to be present and in the moment, listen intensively, respond candidly,consider the thoughts and needs of others, and adapt to unexpected challenges and opportunities. Improvisational communication develops that clarity of thought by forcing the brain to slow down and pick up details, nuances, and subtext that might otherwise be missed.
如前所述，因为即兴发挥在战略和计划达到执行的关键点上。因为即兴提供了一套基于通讯的工具和技术，可以迫使您出现在当下，立即聆听，坦诚地回应，考虑他人的想法和需求，并适应意外的挑战和机遇。即兴交流通过迫使大脑放慢速度并拾取可能会错过的细节，细微差别和潜台词，从而使思想变得清晰。
The tenets of improvisation are techniques to develop mindfulness and self-auditing. Improvisation is about reacting and adapting and having a level of awareness that allows a leader to accurately assess any group of people, any situation, and any environment. Improv also strengthens the skill sets necessary for teamwork, creativity and innovation, collaboration and ideation, situation assessment, crisis management,adaptive problem solving, conflict management, engagement, and influence. In fact improvisation strengthens all of a leader’s soft skills,which often turn out to be hard skills after all.
即兴创作的宗旨是发展正念和自我审核的技术。即兴创作是指做出反应和适应并具有一定的意识水平，使领导者可以准确地评估任何人群，任何情况和任何环境。Improv还增强了团队合作，创造力和创新，协作和构想，情况评估，危机管理，自适应问题解决，冲突管理，参与和影响力所需的技能。实际上，即兴创作增强了领导者的所有软技能，而这些软技能毕竟常常是硬技能。
Why now?
Because change is happening all the time. Technology is continually forcing us to change, and global competitors are evolving. An ever-increasing number of unknown and uncontrollable variables as well as an overwhelming amount of new information are readily available to us. There’s an immediate need for adaptability, creativity, innovation,and risk taking, and improv can help a leader achieve each one of these difficult-to-reach end goals.
因为变化一直在发生。技术不断迫使我们进行变革，全球竞争对手也在不断发展。我们越来越容易获得越来越多的未知和不可控制的变量以及大量的新信息。迫切需要适应性，创造力，创新性和冒险精神，即兴发挥可以帮助领导者实现这些难以实现的最终目标中的每一个。
We live in a world in which VUCA(volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity) is a regular challenge. Based in nimbleness, flexibility, adaptability, and communication, improvisation techniques provide you with a way to lead teams that can function well through times of crisis. Moreover training and learning as a whole are changing. The traditional learning methodology of sitting in a classroom session for hours at a stretch has been challenged and has lost to experiential learning. Improvisation offers a new methodology for corporate learning and development—a cross-fit for the brain. And as for change, change is a constant. You can either lead change, follow change, or get dragged along behind it.Which do you prefer?
我们生活在一个VUCA（波动性，不确定性，复杂性和歧义性）经常挑战的世界中。即兴技巧基于灵活性，灵活性，适应性和沟通能力，为您提供了领导团队的方法，这些团队可以在危机期间表现良好。此外，整个培训和学习也在发生变化。长时间坐在教室上几个小时的传统学习方法已经受到挑战，已经失去了体验式学习的能力。即兴创作为企业学习和发展提供了一种新的方法-一种与大脑相适应的方法。至于变化，变化是一个常数。您可以领导变更，跟随变更或被拖在变更后面。您更喜欢哪个？
What do I have to do?
Learn to live in the moment. Connect and engage with people.Build relationships. Strengthen focus and concentrations skills. Develop the ability to postpone judgment. Create trust. Become a better communicator and a better listener. Be more adaptable and open.Influence people by choice and create great workplace habits. Embrace the art of improvisation, and valuable leadership skill sets will be strengthened simultaneously. And (here’s a great thing) when you do it, most of the people you are leading won’t even know you are practicing it. They will simply respond positively. This is a great, riskfree, fail-safe investment (that doesn’t cost a thing).
我需要做什么？
学会活在当下。与人建立联系并建立联系。加强专注力和专注力。发展推迟判断的能力。建立信任。成为更好的沟通者和听众。更具适应性和开放性，通过选择来影响人们并养成良好的工作场所习惯。拥抱即兴创作的艺术，宝贵的领导技能将同时得到加强。而且（这是一件很了不起的事情），当您这样做时，您领导的大多数人甚至都不知道您正在练习它。他们只会做出积极的回应。这是一项伟大的，无风险的，无故障的投资（不需要花一分钱）。
What’s in it for me?
Positive results. You will turn hard-to-reach buzzwords like creativity, ideation, collaboration, risk taking, innovation, and adaptability into a workplace reality. You will create teams that know how to achieve excellent outcomes, and you will create a culture in which excellent teams thrive. You will learn to cut redundancy and streamline meetings. You will develop the ability to influence people in the manner you desire, both in person and on the phone. You will develop the ability to hone great ideas through the blend of divergent and convergent thinking, and in doing so you will develop a positive attitude that focuses on possibilities and potential in addition to more critical,judgmental thinking. You will reduce turnover by creating a workplace that retains excellent employees, because they know they are valuable and valued.
对我有什么用？
积极的结果。您将把难以触及的流行语（如创造力，构想，协作，冒险，创新和适应性）变成职场现实。您将创建知道如何实现出色成果的团队，并且将创建一种使优秀团队蓬勃发展的文化。您将学习减少冗余和简化会议。您将能够以自己想要的方式亲身或通过电话来影响人们。您将通过融合发散和融合的思维来培养磨练伟大思想的能力，并且在此过程中，您将培养出积极的态度，除了更批判性的，判断性的思维之外，还侧重于可能性和潜力。您将通过创建一个保留优秀员工的工作场所来减少人员流动，因为他们知道他们很有价值并且很有价值。
Great leaders are not created through an equation or formula and they are not mass-produced out of an assembly line. Leadership traits (good and bad) are developed and fine-tuned over time, and the most enlightened leaders make their personal leadership development part of their overall strategy for success.
伟大的领导者不是通过方程式或公式创造出来的，也不是在装配线上大量生产的。领导特质（好与坏）会随着时间的流逝而发展和微调，最开明的领导者会将其个人领导力发展作为整体成功战略的一部分。
Now that we’ve explored what leadership could look like, let’s dive into the “how” around applying improv techniques to create a positive corporate culture on a personal level, an interpersonal level, and then on a team level. In the next chapter we’ll look at how the tenets of improv can be used to influence, inspire, and create intrinsic motivation in others, and we’ll then look at how practices including accountability can be put into place to maintain the rules, principles, philosophy,and shared language of the improvisational corporate workplace.
现在我们已经探究了领导者的模样，下面让我们深入探讨如何运用即兴技巧在个人，人际和团队层面上建立积极的企业文化。在下一章中，我们将探讨即兴创作的宗旨如何用于影响，启发和创造他人的内在动力，然后我们将探讨如何实施包括问责制在内的实践来维护规则，即兴公司工作场所的原则，理念和共同语言。
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