正文
How long should it take to grieve? Psychiatry has come up with an answer.
沉痛的悲伤应该持续多长时间? 精神病学给出了一个答案
After more than a decade of argument, psychiatry's most powerful body in the United States added a new disorder this week to its diagnostic manual: prolonged grief.
经过十多年的争论，美国精神病学最有影响力的机构本周在其诊断手册中增加了一种新的疾病：长期悲伤。
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The new diagnosis, prolonged grief disorder, was designed to apply to a narrow slice of the population who are incapacitated, pining and ruminating a year after a loss, and unable to return to previous activities.
长期悲伤障碍这种新的疾病诊断是专为一小部分人群设立的，这些人在失去亲友一年之后还是没有行为能力，沉湎在痛苦的思念中，翻来覆去地咀嚼这种悲伤，无法恢复以前的活动。
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Its inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders means that clinicians can now bill insurance companies for treating people for the condition.
长期悲伤被纳入了《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》 ，这意味着现在临床医生在治疗这种疾病的患者后，可以向保险公司收取费用。
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Since the 1990s, a number of researchers have argued that intense forms of grief should be classified as a mental illness, saying that society tends to accept the suffering of bereaved people as natural and that it fails to steer them toward treatment that could help.
自 20 世纪 90 年代以来，许多研究人员主张，强烈的悲痛应该被归类为精神疾病。他们认为，社会通常相信，失去亲友的人们感受到痛苦是自然的，因此社会观念并不会引导这些人去接受可能有帮助的治疗。
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Throughout that time, critics of the idea have argued vigorously against categorizing grief as a mental disorder, saying the designation risks pathologizing a fundamental aspect of the human experience.
在那段时间里，这一观点的批评者们一直在强烈反对将悲伤归类为精神疾病。他们觉得这种认定，有将人类经历中的一个重要方面病理化的风险。
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In 2010, when the American Psychiatric Association proposed expanding the definition of depression to include grieving people, it provoked a backlash, feeding into a broader critique that mental health professionals were overdiagnosing and overmedicating patients.
2010 年，美国精神医学学会提议扩大抑郁症的定义，将因某人去世而悲痛的人也包含在内。这一提议引发了强烈的抵制，也影响到了一场覆盖面更广的批判——精神健康专业人员对患者过度诊断和过度用药。
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The new diagnosis is a breakthrough for those who have argued, for years, that intensely grieving people need tailored treatment. Yet, others said they were wary of any expectation that grief should lift in a particular period of time.
对于那些多年来一直主张重度悲伤人群需要定制化治疗方案的人来说，这个新的诊断是一个突破。然而，其他人则表示，他们对所有“悲伤应该在一段时间内消失”的预期都保持谨慎的态度。
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主编：尹岚、阿翀
品控：小米椒、青椒
审核：Jack
重点词汇
grieve
/ɡriːv/
v. 悲伤
相关词汇：grief（n. 悲伤，悲痛）
例句：People need time to grieve after the death of a loved one.
psychiatry
/saɪˈkaɪə.tri/
n. 精神病学
相关词汇：psychology
词根词缀：psyche
英文释义：the human spirit or mind
相关词汇：psychiatrist
come up with
想到，想出
近义短语：think of
例句：We finally came up with a solution.
body
/ˈbɑː.di/
n. 团体，机构；身体
英文释义：a group of people who work together to do a particular job
搭配短语：the student body
搭配短语：the government body
disorder
/-ˈsɔːr.dɚ/
n. 紊乱，疾病；混乱，无序
词根词缀：dis-（否，非）
相关词汇：order（n. 整齐，有秩序）
例句：Everything was in disorder in the war.
例句：He suffers from a mental disorder.
diagnostic
/ˌdaɪ.əɡˈnɑː.stɪk/
adj. 诊断的，判断的
相关词汇：diagnose（v. 诊断，判断）
搭配短语：diagnostic tools
搭配短语：diagnostic tests
prolonged
/prəˈlɑːŋd/
adj. 延长的，长期的
相关词汇：prolong（v. 延长，拖长）
近义词：lengthen
搭配短语：to prolong the conversation
搭配短语：a prolonged absence
搭配短语：prolonged applause
slice
/slaɪs/
n. 部分；一小块
搭配短语：a slice of cake
近义词：portion
例句：Everybody wants a slice of the profits.
incapacitate
/ˌɪn.kəˈpæs.ə.teɪt/
v. 使无能力（正常工作或做事）
相关词汇：capacity（n. 能力）
词根词缀：in-（不，非）
派生词：incapacity（n. 无能力）
例句：She has been incapacitated by a fall.
pine
/paɪn/
v. 思念
词性拓展：pine（n. 松树）
搭配短语：pine for
例句：I had been pining for my family and friends when I was abroad.
ruminate
/ˈruː.mə.neɪt/
v. 沉思；反刍
例句：He ruminated about the implications of their decision.
相关词汇：rumination（n. 思维反刍）
clinician
/klɪˈnɪʃ.ən/
n. 临床医生
相关词汇：clinic（n. 诊所；临床）
intense
/ɪnˈtens/
adj. 强烈的，剧烈的
英文释义：very strong
近义词：extreme
搭配短语：intense heat
搭配短语：intense pressure
bereaved
/bɪˈriːvd/
adj. 刚刚丧失亲友的
搭配短语：a bereaved mother
搭配短语：the bereaved
steer
/stɪr/
v. 引导，指导；驾驶（车、船等）
近义词：guide
搭配短语：steer sb. away from sth.
例句：Teachers try to steer students away from video games.
搭配短语：steer sb. towards sth.
vigorously
/ˈvɪɡ.ɚ.əs.li/
adv. 强度大地，激烈地
相关词汇：vigor（n. 活力，精力）
衍生词：vigorous（adj. 充满活力的，强度大的）
搭配短语：vigorous exercise
搭配短语：a vigorous debate
designation
/ˌdez.ɪɡˈneɪ.ʃən/
n. 任命，指定
相关词汇：designate（v. 任命，指定）
例句：The house was recently designated as a historic building.
pathology
/pəˈθɑː.lə.dʒi/
n. 病理学
衍生词：pathologize（v. 使......病理化）
depression
/dɪˈpreʃ.ən/
n. 抑郁症；伤心，沮丧
相关词汇：depress（v. 使难过，使沮丧）
例句：The news seemed to depress him.
provoke
/prəˈvoʊk/
v. 引发，激发
英文释义：to cause a reaction or feeling
例句：The proposal provoked widespread criticism.
backlash
/ˈbæk.læʃ/
n. 强烈反对；后坐力
相关词汇：back（adj. 反向的）
相关词汇：lash（v. 用鞭子抽打）
搭配短语：a public backlash against racism
feed into
促进，加剧
英文释义：help make something happen
例句：My music feeds into my work.
tailored
/ˈteɪ.lɚd/
adj. 量身定制的
相关词汇：tailor（v. 定做衣服；量身打造，按需定制）
搭配短语：tailor to
例句：They tailored the scripts to Chinese audiences.
wary
/ˈwer.i/
adj. 提防的，谨慎的
搭配短语：be wary of
例句：People are increasingly wary of putting money into stock market.
lift
/lɪft/
v. 消失，消散；提起，抬起
英文释义：to go away until none is left
例句：The morning mist had lifed and the sun was starting to rise.
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