美文网首页iOS进阶
蓝牙(一)iOS关于蓝牙的使用

蓝牙(一)iOS关于蓝牙的使用

作者: CMD独白 | 来源:发表于2016-05-13 15:06 被阅读1095次

    简介

    开发使用的框架是CoreBluetooth框架,CoreBluetooth是基于BLE4.0的标准的。什么是BLE呢?全称是 buletouch low energy,就是蓝牙低能耗技术。在没有开发蓝牙4.0技术的时候,iOS设备要想开发一个根硬件通讯功能的话,必须通过苹果的mfi认证,否则是不被允许与其他硬件进行连接的,mfi全称是 make for ipad ,iphone, itouch ,是专门为苹果设备制作的设备。注意,iOS设备支持BLE4.0是从iPhone4s开始的(不包括iPhone4s)。

    业务逻辑、角色、内容

    业务角色

    主要分为两个部分
    (1)central:中央设备,又叫做中央角色,搜索可以连接的外设,然后请求连接,请求通过后就可以交换数据了。使用的是外围设备的数据,可以写入数据到外围设备
    (2)peripheral:外围设备,(下边我都称为外设)又叫做周边设备,用来广播数据的设备,告诉外部这有数据,并且说明了能提供的服务,外围设备可以发送数据到中央设备


    Paste_Image.png

    数据结构:外围设备会发送服务(Service),一个服务里面又包含多个特征,特征就是具体键值对,提供数据的地方。每个特征属性分为这么几种:读,写,通知这么几种方式。同时,一个外围设备在广播服务的时候,可以同时发送多个服务。

    Paste_Image.png

    工作流程

    (1)外设发布服务
    (2)中央搜索外设
    (3)连接外设
    (4)获得服务以及每个服务的特征
    (5)获得特征中的值

    方法属性介绍

    CBCentralManager是中央设备的管理者,一个项目中最好只有一个中央设备管理者,因此在项目中尽量用单例去初始化。

    @interface ViewController : UIViewController<CBCentralManagerDelegate>
     @interface ViewController ()
    { 
     CBCentralManager *manager; //系统蓝牙设备管理对象,可以把他理解为主设备,通过他,可以去扫描和链接外设
    NSMutableArray *peripherals; //用于保存被发现设备
     }
    

    具体实现步骤代码:
    1 导入CoreBluetooth头文件,建立主设备管理类,设置主设备委托

     #import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h> 
    @interface ViewController : UIViewController<CBCentralManagerDelegate> 
    @interface ViewController (){
      CBCentralManager *manager; //系统蓝牙设备管理对象,可以把他理解为主设备,通过他,可以去扫描和链接外设
    NSMutableArray *peripherals; //用于保存被发现设备
     } - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad];
     /* 设置主设备的委托,CBCentralManagerDelegate 必须实现的:
     
    //主设备状态改变的委托,在初始化CBCentralManager的适合会打开设备,只有当设备正确打开后才能使用 其他选择实现的委托中比较重要的
    - (void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central;
    
    //找到外设的委托 
     - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;
    
     //连接外设成功的委托
    - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;
    
    //外设连接失败的委托
     - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;
    
    //断开外设的委托
     - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;
     */ 
    //初始化并设置委托和线程队列,最好一个线程的参数可以为nil,默认会就main线程 manager = [[CBCentralManager alloc]initWithDelegate:self queue:dispatch_get_main_queue()];
    
    

    2 扫描外设(discover),扫描外设的方法我们放在centralManager成功打开的委托中,因为只有设备成功打开,才能开始扫描,否则会报错

     -(void)centralManagerDidUpdateState:(CBCentralManager *)central{ switch (central.state) {
     case CBCentralManagerStateUnknown: 
    NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnknown");
     break; 
    case CBCentralManagerStateResetting: 
    NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateResetting");
     break;
     case CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported: 
    NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnsupported"); 
    break; 
    case CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized: 
    NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStateUnauthorized"); 
    break;
     case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff: 
    NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOff");
     break; 
    case CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn: 
    NSLog(@">>>CBCentralManagerStatePoweredOn"); //开始扫描周围的外设
     /* 
    第一个参数nil就是扫描周围所有的外设,扫描到外设后会进入
     - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI;
     */
     [manager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options:nil]; 
    break; 
    default: break;
     } } 
    //扫描到设备会进入方法
     -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI{ 
    
    NSLog(@"当扫描到设备:%@",peripheral.name); //接下来可以连接设备
    
     }
    

    3 连接外设(connect)

     //扫描到设备会进入方法
     -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData:(NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI:(NSNumber *)RSSI{
     //接下连接我们的测试设备,如果你没有设备,可以下载一个app叫lightbule的app去模拟一个设备
     //这里自己去设置下连接规则,我设置的是P开头的设备
     if ([peripheral.name hasPrefix:@"P"])
    { 
    /*
     一个主设备最多能连7个外设,每个外设最多只能给一个主设备连接,连接成功,失败,断开会进入各自的委托 
    //连接外设成功的委托
    - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral;
    
    //外设连接失败的委托 
    - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;
    
    //断开外设的委托
     - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error;
     */
     //找到的设备必须持有它,否则CBCentralManager中也不会保存peripheral,那么CBPeripheralDelegate中的方法也不会被调用!! [peripherals addObject:peripheral];
    
     //连接设备
     [manager connectPeripheral:peripheral options:nil];
     }
     } 
    
    //连接到Peripherals-成功
     - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral {
     NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为(%@)的设备-成功",peripheral.name); 
    }
    
     //连接到Peripherals-失败
     -(void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didFailToConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error { 
    NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为(%@)的设备-失败,原因:%@",[peripheral name],[error localizedDescription]);
     } 
    
    //Peripherals断开连接
     - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didDisconnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral error:(NSError *)error{
     NSLog(@">>>外设连接断开连接 %@: %@\n", [peripheral name], [error localizedDescription]); 
    }
    

    4扫描外设中的服务和特征(discover)
    设备连接成功后,就可以扫描设备的服务了,同样是通过委托形式,扫描到结果后会进入委托方法。但是这个委托已经不再是主设备的委托(CBCentralManagerDelegate),而是外设的委托(CBPeripheralDelegate),这个委托包含了主设备与外设交互的许多 回叫方法,包括获取services,获取characteristics,获取characteristics的值,获取characteristics的Descriptor,和Descriptor的值,写数据,读rssi,用通知的方式订阅数据等等。
    获取外设的services

     //连接到Peripherals-成功
     - (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral {
     NSLog(@">>>连接到名称为(%@)的设备-成功",peripheral.name);
     //设置的peripheral委托CBPeripheralDelegate 
    //@interface ViewController : UIViewController<CBCentralManagerDelegate,CBPeripheralDelegate> [peripheral setDelegate:self]; 
    
    //扫描外设Services,成功后会进入方法:
    -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{ [peripheral discoverServices:nil];
     } 
    
    //扫描到Services
     -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{
     // NSLog(@">>>扫描到服务:%@",peripheral.services);
     if (error) { 
    NSLog(@">>>Discovered services for %@ with error: %@", peripheral.name, [error localizedDescription]); 
    return;
     } 
    for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) { NSLog(@"%@",service.UUID); 
    //扫描每个service的Characteristics,扫描到后会进入方法: 
    -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service];
     }
     }
    

    获取外设的Characteristics,获取Characteristics的值,获取Characteristics的Descriptor和Descriptor的值

         //扫描到Characteristics
         -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error{
             if (error)
             {
                 NSLog(@"error Discovered characteristics for %@ with error: %@", service.UUID, [error localizedDescription]);
                 return;
             }
    
             for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics)
             {
                 NSLog(@"service:%@ 的 Characteristic: %@",service.UUID,characteristic.UUID);
             }
    
             //获取Characteristic的值,读到数据会进入方法:
    -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
             for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
                 {
                     [peripheral readValueForCharacteristic:characteristic];
                 }
             }
    
             //搜索Characteristic的Descriptors,读到数据会进入方法:
    -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
             for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics){
                 [peripheral discoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:characteristic];
             }
    
    
         }
    
        //获取的charateristic的值
        -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{
            //打印出characteristic的UUID和值
            //!注意,value的类型是NSData,具体开发时,会根据外设协议制定的方式去解析数据
            NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@  value:%@",characteristic.UUID,characteristic.value);
    
        }
    
        //搜索到Characteristic的Descriptors
        -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverDescriptorsForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{
    
            //打印出Characteristic和他的Descriptors
             NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@",characteristic.UUID);
            for (CBDescriptor *d in characteristic.descriptors) {
                NSLog(@"Descriptor uuid:%@",d.UUID);
            }
    
        }
        //获取到Descriptors的值
        -(void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForDescriptor:(CBDescriptor *)descriptor error:(NSError *)error{
            //打印出DescriptorsUUID 和value
            //这个descriptor都是对于characteristic的描述,一般都是字符串,所以这里我们转换成字符串去解析
            NSLog(@"characteristic uuid:%@  value:%@",[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",descriptor.UUID],descriptor.value);
        }
    
    
    

    5、把数据写到Characteristic中

    //写数据 
    -(void)writeCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic value:(NSData *)value{ 
    //打印出 characteristic 的权限,可以看到有很多种,这是一个NS_OPTIONS,就是可以同时用于好几个值,常见的有read,write,notify,indicate,知知道这几个基本就够用了,前连个是读写权限,后两个都是通知,两种不同的通知方式。
     /* 
    typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, CBCharacteristicProperties) { CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast                                              = 0x01, CBCharacteristicPropertyRead                                                    = 0x02, CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse                                    = 0x04, CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite                                                   = 0x08, CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify                                                  = 0x10, CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate                                                = 0x20, CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites                               = 0x40, CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties                                      = 0x80, CBCharacteristicPropertyNotifyEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0)     = 0x100, CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicateEncryptionRequired NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE(NA, 6_0)  = 0x200 }; 
    */
     NSLog(@"%lu", (unsigned long)characteristic.properties);
     //只有 characteristic.properties 有write的权限才可以写 if(characteristic.properties & CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite){ 
    /*
     最好一个type参数可以为CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse或type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse,区别是是否会有反馈
     */
     [peripheral writeValue:value forCharacteristic:characteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse]; 
    }else{
     NSLog(@"该字段不可写!");
     }
     }
    

    6 订阅Characteristic的通知

     //设置通知
     -(void)notifyCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{ 
    //设置通知,数据通知会进入:didUpdateValueForCharacteristic方法 [peripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:characteristic];
     }
     //取消通知
     -(void)cancelNotifyCharacteristic:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral characteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic{ [peripheral setNotifyValue:NO forCharacteristic:characteristic];
     }
    

    7 断开连接(disconnect)

     //停止扫描并断开连接
     -(void)disconnectPeripheral:(CBCentralManager *)centralManager peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral{ 
    //停止扫描
     [centralManager stopScan];
     //断开连接
     [centralManager cancelPeripheralConnection:peripheral]; }
    

    8 模拟器蓝牙调试,慎用,最好还是用真机去调试。

    相关文章

      网友评论

        本文标题:蓝牙(一)iOS关于蓝牙的使用

        本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/vndnlttx.html