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Spring Cloud Gateway实战之三:动态路由

Spring Cloud Gateway实战之三:动态路由

作者: 程序员欣宸 | 来源:发表于2021-11-16 08:21 被阅读0次

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    本篇概览

    • 本文是《Spring Cloud Gateway实战》系列的第三篇,前文介绍了多种路由配置方式,它们存在一个共同问题:路由配置变更后必须重启Gateway应用才能生效,聪明的您一下就看出了问题关键:这样不适合生产环境!
    • 如何让变动后的路由立即生效,而无需重启应用呢?这就是今天的主题:<font color="blue">动态路由</font>

    设计思路

    • 这里提前将设计思路捋清楚,总的来说就是将配置放在nacos上,写个监听器监听nacos上配置的变化,将变化后的配置更新到Gateway应用的进程内:
    • 上述思路体现在代码中就是下面三个类:
    1. 将操作路由的代码封装到名为RouteOperator的类中,用此类来删除和增加进程内的路由
    2. 做一个配置类RouteOperatorConfig,可以将RouteOperator作为bean注册在spring环境中
    3. 监听nacos上的路由配置文件,一旦有变化就取得最新配置,然后调用RouteOperator的方法更新进程内的路由,这些监听nacos配置和调用RouteOperator的代码都放RouteConfigListener类中
    • 在本次实战中,一共涉及三个配置文件,其中bootstrap.yml + gateway-dynamic-by-nacos是大家熟悉的经典配置,bootstrap.yml 在本地,里面是nacos的配置,gateway-dynamic-by-nacos在naocs上,里面是整个应用所需的配置(例如服务端口号、数据库等),还有一个配置文件在nacos上,名为<font color="blue">gateway-json-routes</font>,是JSON格式的,里面是路由配置,之所以选择JSON格式,是因为JSON比yml格式更易于解析和处理;

    • 最终,整个微服务架构如下图所示:

    在这里插入图片描述
    • 思路已清晰,开始编码

    源码下载

    名称 链接 备注
    项目主页 https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos 该项目在GitHub上的主页
    git仓库地址(https) https://github.com/zq2599/blog_demos.git 该项目源码的仓库地址,https协议
    git仓库地址(ssh) git@github.com:zq2599/blog_demos.git 该项目源码的仓库地址,ssh协议
    • 这个git项目中有多个文件夹,本篇的源码在<font color="blue">spring-cloud-tutorials</font>文件夹下,如下图红框所示:
    在这里插入图片描述
    • spring-cloud-tutorials是父工程,下属多个子工程,今天的实战的代码是<font color="blue">gateway-dynamic-by-nacos</font>,如下图所示:
    在这里插入图片描述

    编码

    • 新增名为<font color="blue">gateway-dynamic-by-nacos</font>的工程,其pom.xml内容如下,注意中文注释的说明:
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
             xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
             xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
        <parent>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-tutorials</artifactId>
            <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </parent>
        <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    
        <artifactId>gateway-dynamic-by-nacos</artifactId>
    
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.bolingcavalry</groupId>
                <artifactId>common</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>io.projectreactor</groupId>
                <artifactId>reactor-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
    
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
    
            <!-- 把springboot内容断点暴露出去 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <!-- 使用bootstrap.yml的时候,这个依赖一定要有 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrap</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <!-- 路由策略使用lb的方式是,这个依赖一定要有 -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <!--nacos:配置中心-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
            </dependency>
    
            <!--nacos:注册中心-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    
        <build>
            <plugins>
                <!-- 如果父工程不是springboot,就要用以下方式使用插件,才能生成正常的jar -->
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                        <mainClass>com.bolingcavalry.gateway.GatewayApplication</mainClass>
                    </configuration>
                    <executions>
                        <execution>
                            <goals>
                                <goal>repackage</goal>
                            </goals>
                        </execution>
                    </executions>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </build>
    </project>
    
    • 配置文件bootstrap.yml,上面只有nacos,可见其他配置信息还是来自naocs:
    spring:
      application:
        name: gateway-dynamic-by-nacos
      cloud:
        nacos:
          config:
            server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
            file-extension: yml
            group: DEFAULT_GROUP
    
    • 负责处理进程内路由配置的类是RouteOperator,如下所示,可见整个配置是字符串类型的,用了Jackson的ObjectMapper进行反序列化(注意,前面的实战中配置文件都是yml格式,但本例中是JSON,稍后在nacos上配置要用JSON格式),然后路由配置的处理主要是RouteDefinitionWriter类型的bean完成的,为了让配置立即生效,还要用applicationEventPublisher发布进程内消息:
    package com.bolingcavalry.gateway.service;
    
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.type.TypeReference;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.event.RefreshRoutesEvent;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteDefinition;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteDefinitionWriter;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher;
    import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
    import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    @Slf4j
    public class RouteOperator {
        private ObjectMapper objectMapper;
    
        private RouteDefinitionWriter routeDefinitionWriter;
    
        private ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher;
    
        private static final List<String> routeList = new ArrayList<>();
    
        public RouteOperator(ObjectMapper objectMapper, RouteDefinitionWriter routeDefinitionWriter, ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher) {
            this.objectMapper = objectMapper;
            this.routeDefinitionWriter = routeDefinitionWriter;
            this.applicationEventPublisher = applicationEventPublisher;
        }
    
        /**
         * 清理集合中的所有路由,并清空集合
         */
        private void clear() {
            // 全部调用API清理掉
            routeList.stream().forEach(id -> routeDefinitionWriter.delete(Mono.just(id)).subscribe());
            // 清空集合
            routeList.clear();
        }
    
        /**
         * 新增路由
         * @param routeDefinitions
         */
        private void add(List<RouteDefinition> routeDefinitions) {
    
            try {
                routeDefinitions.stream().forEach(routeDefinition -> {
                    routeDefinitionWriter.save(Mono.just(routeDefinition)).subscribe();
                    routeList.add(routeDefinition.getId());
                });
            } catch (Exception exception) {
                exception.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
        /**
         * 发布进程内通知,更新路由
         */
        private void publish() {
            applicationEventPublisher.publishEvent(new RefreshRoutesEvent(routeDefinitionWriter));
        }
    
        /**
         * 更新所有路由信息
         * @param configStr
         */
        public void refreshAll(String configStr) {
            log.info("start refreshAll : {}", configStr);
            // 无效字符串不处理
            if (!StringUtils.hasText(configStr)) {
                log.error("invalid string for route config");
                return;
            }
    
            // 用Jackson反序列化
            List<RouteDefinition> routeDefinitions = null;
    
            try {
                routeDefinitions = objectMapper.readValue(configStr, new TypeReference<List<RouteDefinition>>(){});
            } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
                log.error("get route definition from nacos string error", e);
            }
    
            // 如果等于null,表示反序列化失败,立即返回
            if (null==routeDefinitions) {
                return;
            }
    
            // 清理掉当前所有路由
            clear();
    
            // 添加最新路由
            add(routeDefinitions);
    
            // 通过应用内消息的方式发布
            publish();
    
            log.info("finish refreshAll");
        }
    }
    
    • 做一个配置类RouteOperatorConfig.java,将实例化后的RouteOperator注册到spring环境中:
    package com.bolingcavalry.gateway.config;
    
    import com.bolingcavalry.gateway.service.RouteOperator;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteDefinitionWriter;
    import org.springframework.context.ApplicationEventPublisher;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    
    @Configuration
    public class RouteOperatorConfig {
        @Bean
        public RouteOperator routeOperator(ObjectMapper objectMapper,
                                           RouteDefinitionWriter routeDefinitionWriter,
                                           ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher) {
    
            return new RouteOperator(objectMapper,
                    routeDefinitionWriter,
                    applicationEventPublisher);
        }
    }
    
    
    • 最后是nacos的监听类RouteConfigListener,可见关键技术点是ConfigService.addListener,用于添加监听,里面就是配置发生变化后更新路由的逻辑,另外还有很重要的一步:立即调用getConfig方法取得当前配置,刷新当前进程的路由配置:
    package com.bolingcavalry.gateway.service;
    
    import com.alibaba.nacos.api.NacosFactory;
    import com.alibaba.nacos.api.config.ConfigService;
    import com.alibaba.nacos.api.config.listener.Listener;
    import com.alibaba.nacos.api.exception.NacosException;
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
    import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
    
    @Component
    @Slf4j
    public class RouteConfigListener {
    
        private String dataId = "gateway-json-routes";
    
        private String group = "DEFAULT_GROUP";
    
        @Value("${spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr}")
        private String serverAddr;
    
        @Autowired
        RouteOperator routeOperator;
    
        @PostConstruct
        public void dynamicRouteByNacosListener() throws NacosException {
    
            ConfigService configService = NacosFactory.createConfigService(serverAddr);
    
            // 添加监听,nacos上的配置变更后会执行
            configService.addListener(dataId, group, new Listener() {
    
                public void receiveConfigInfo(String configInfo) {
                    // 解析和处理都交给RouteOperator完成
                    routeOperator.refreshAll(configInfo);
                }
    
                public Executor getExecutor() {
                    return null;
                }
            });
    
            // 获取当前的配置
            String initConfig = configService.getConfig(dataId, group, 5000);
    
            // 立即更新
            routeOperator.refreshAll(initConfig);
        }
    }
    
    • RouteConfigListener.java中还有一处要记下来,那就是dataId变量的值<font color="red">gateway-json-routes</font>,这是nacos上配置文件的名字,稍后咱们在nacos上配置的时候会用到

    • 最后是平淡无奇的启动类:

    package com.bolingcavalry.gateway;
    
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class GatewayApplication {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(GatewayApplication.class,args);
        }
    }
    
    • 编码完成了,接下来在nacos上增加两个配置;

    • 第一个配置名为<font color="blue">gateway-dynamic-by-nacos</font>,内容如下:

    server:
      port: 8086
    
    # 暴露端点
    management:
      endpoints:
        web:
          exposure:
            include: '*'
      endpoint:
        health:
          show-details: always
    
    • 第二个配置名为<font color="blue">gateway-json-routes</font>,格式要选择<font color="red">JSON</font>,可见只有一个路由(IP+端口那个),另一个用服务名作为URL的路由先不配上去,稍后用来验证动态增加能不能立即生效:
    [
        {
            "id": "path_route_addr",
            "uri": "http://127.0.0.1:8082",
            "predicates":[
                {
                    "name": "Path",
                    "args": {
                        "pattern": "/hello/**"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
    
    • 至此,咱们已经完成了开发工作,接下来验证动态路由是否能达到预期效果,我这里用的客户端工具是postman

    验证

    • 确保nacos、provider-hello、gateway-dynamic-by-nacos等服务全部启动:
    在这里插入图片描述
    • 用postman访问<font color="blue">http://127.0.0.1:8086/hello/str</font>,可以正常访问到,证明Gateway应用已经从nacos顺利下载了路由:
    在这里插入图片描述
    • 此时如果用访问<font color="blue">http://127.0.0.1:8086/lbtest/str</font>应该会失败,因为nacos上还没有配置这个path的路由,如下图,果然失败了:
    在这里插入图片描述
    • 在nacos上修改配置项<font color="blue">gateway-json-routes</font>的内容,增加名为<font color="red">path_route_lb</font>的路由配置,修改后完整的配置如下:
    [
        {
            "id": "path_route_addr",
            "uri": "http://127.0.0.1:8082",
            "predicates":[
                {
                    "name": "Path",
                    "args": {
                        "pattern": "/hello/**"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
        ,
        {
            "id": "path_route_lb",
            "uri": "lb://provider-hello",
            "predicates":[
                {
                    "name": "Path",
                    "args": {
                        "pattern": "/lbtest/**"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
    
    • 点击右下角的<font color="blue">发布</font>按钮后,gateway-dynamic-by-nacos应用的控制台立即输出了以下内容,可见监听已经生效:
    2021-08-15 19:39:45.883  INFO 18736 --- [-127.0.0.1_8848] c.a.n.client.config.impl.ClientWorker    : [fixed-127.0.0.1_8848] [polling-resp] config changed. dataId=gateway-json-routes, group=DEFAULT_GROUP
    2021-08-15 19:39:45.883  INFO 18736 --- [-127.0.0.1_8848] c.a.n.client.config.impl.ClientWorker    : get changedGroupKeys:[gateway-json-routes+DEFAULT_GROUP]
    2021-08-15 19:39:45.890  INFO 18736 --- [-127.0.0.1_8848] c.a.n.client.config.impl.ClientWorker    : [fixed-127.0.0.1_8848] [data-received] dataId=gateway-json-routes, group=DEFAULT_GROUP, tenant=null, md5=54fb76dcad838917818d0160ce2bd72f, content=[
        {
            "id": "path_route_addr",
            "uri": "http://127.0.0.1:8082",
            "predicates..., type=json
    2021-08-15 19:39:45.891  INFO 18736 --- [-127.0.0.1_8848] c.b.gateway.service.RouteOperator        : start refreshAll : [
        {
            "id": "path_route_addr",
            "uri": "http://127.0.0.1:8082",
            "predicates":[
                {
                    "name": "Path",
                    "args": {
                        "pattern": "/hello/**"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
        ,
        {
            "id": "path_route_lb",
            "uri": "lb://provider-hello",
            "predicates":[
                {
                    "name": "Path",
                    "args": {
                        "pattern": "/lbtest/**"
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
    2021-08-15 19:39:45.894  INFO 18736 --- [-127.0.0.1_8848] c.b.gateway.service.RouteOperator        : finish refreshAll
    2021-08-15 19:39:45.894  INFO 18736 --- [-127.0.0.1_8848] c.a.nacos.client.config.impl.CacheData   : [fixed-127.0.0.1_8848] [notify-ok] dataId=gateway-json-routes, group=DEFAULT_GROUP, md5=54fb76dcad838917818d0160ce2bd72f, listener=com.bolingcavalry.gateway.service.RouteConfigListener$1@123ae1f6 
    2021-08-15 19:39:45.894  INFO 18736 --- [-127.0.0.1_8848] c.a.nacos.client.config.impl.CacheData   : [fixed-127.0.0.1_8848] [notify-listener] time cost=3ms in ClientWorker, dataId=gateway-json-routes, group=DEFAULT_GROUP, md5=54fb76dcad838917818d0160ce2bd72f, listener=com.bolingcavalry.gateway.service.RouteConfigListener$1@123ae1f6 
    
    • 再用postman发同样请求,这次终于成功了,可见动态路由已经成功:
    在这里插入图片描述
    • 由于依赖了<font color="red">spring-boot-starter-actuator</font>库,并且配置文件中也添加了相关配置,我们还可以查看SpringBoot应用内部的配置情况,用浏览器访问<font color="blue">http://localhost:8086/actuator/gateway/routes</font>,可见最新的配置情况,如下图:
    在这里插入图片描述
    • 至此,动态路由的开发和验证已完成,希望这个实用的功能可以给您一些参考,开发出更加灵活实用的网关服务;

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