美文网首页OpenGL
基于Qt的OpenGL学习（4）—— 变换

基于Qt的OpenGL学习（4）—— 变换

作者: 玖零儛 | 来源:发表于2019-08-09 13:25 被阅读0次

    简介

    要学习OpenGL的话，强烈安利这个教程JoeyDeVries的learnopengl，这里是中文翻译好的版本。教程中使用OpenGL是通过GLFW这个库，而在Qt中对OpenGL封装得很好，并且和GUI以及IO相关的处理Qt更便捷，学习起来更轻松。这里就对每篇教程，在Qt在分别直接使用OpenGL的函数和Qt封装好的类以作对比。
    教程中使用的OpenGL版本为3.3，在Qt中需要使用此版本的OpenGL只需要继承类QOpenGLFunctions_3_3_Core即可。如果为了在不同设备上都能用OpenGL的话，Qt提供了类QOpenGLFunctions，这个类包含了大部分公共的函数，可能会有个别函数不能用。

    对比说明

    教程地址

    原教程地址，相关知识可以点击链接学习。
    我的工程地址，每篇教程一个commit，可以切换着看，查看本篇代码 git checkout v1.4，喜欢就点个Star吧~

    不同点 (仅列出新增)

    1. 原教程使用GLM来进行矩阵变换，Qt中有对应的QMatrix4x4处理4维矩阵。

    运行结果

    运行结果

    使用OpenGL函数版

    CoreFunctionWidget.h

    #ifndef COREFUNCTIONWIDGET_H
#define COREFUNCTIONWIDGET_H

#include <QOpenGLWidget>
#include <QOpenGLExtraFunctions>
#include <QOpenGLFunctions_3_3_Core>
#include <QOpenGLShader>
#include <QOpenGLShaderProgram>

class CoreFunctionWidget : public QOpenGLWidget
                           , protected /*QOpenGLExtraFunctions*/QOpenGLFunctions_3_3_Core
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit CoreFunctionWidget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~CoreFunctionWidget();

protected:
    virtual void initializeGL();
    virtual void resizeGL(int w, int h);
    virtual void paintGL();

private:
    QOpenGLShaderProgram shaderProgram;

    QTimer* m_pTimer = nullptr;
    int     m_nTimeValue = 0;
};

#endif // COREFUNCTIONWIDGET_H

    CoreFunctionWidget.cpp

    #include "CoreFunctionWidget.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QTimer>

static GLuint VBO, VAO, EBO, texture1, texture2;

CoreFunctionWidget::CoreFunctionWidget(QWidget *parent) : QOpenGLWidget(parent)
{
    m_pTimer = new QTimer(this);
    connect(m_pTimer, &QTimer::timeout, this, [=]{
        m_nTimeValue += 5;
        update();
    });
    m_pTimer->start(50);
}

CoreFunctionWidget::~CoreFunctionWidget()
{
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &VBO);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &EBO);
}

void CoreFunctionWidget::initializeGL(){
    this->initializeOpenGLFunctions();

    bool success = shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex, ":/textures.vert");
    if (!success) {
        qDebug() << "shaderProgram addShaderFromSourceFile failed!" << shaderProgram.log();
        return;
    }

    success = shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Fragment, ":/textures.frag");
    if (!success) {
        qDebug() << "shaderProgram addShaderFromSourceFile failed!" << shaderProgram.log();
        return;
    }

    success = shaderProgram.link();
    if(!success) {
        qDebug() << "shaderProgram link failed!" << shaderProgram.log();
    }

    //VAO，VBO data
    float vertices[] = {
        // positions          // colors           // texture coords
         0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f, // top right
         0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom right
        -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom left
        -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 1.0f  // top left
    };
    unsigned int indices[] = {  // note that we start from 0!
        0, 1, 3,  // first Triangle
        1, 2, 3   // second Triangle
    };

    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VAO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &VBO);
    glGenBuffers(1, &EBO);
    // bind the Vertex Array Object first, then bind and set vertex buffer(s), and then configure vertex attributes(s).
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, VBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(vertices), vertices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, EBO);
    glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(indices), indices, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    // position attribute
    glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)0);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
    // color attribute
    glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(3 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
    // texture coord attribute
    glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 8 * sizeof(float), (void*)(6 * sizeof(float)));
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(2);

    // texture 1
    // ---------
    glGenTextures(1, &texture1);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
     // set the texture wrapping parameters
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);   // set texture wrapping to GL_REPEAT (default wrapping method)
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    // set texture filtering parameters
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    // load image, create texture and generate mipmaps
    QImage img1 = QImage(":/container.jpg").convertToFormat(QImage::Format_RGB888);
    if (!img1.isNull()) {
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, img1.width(), img1.height(), 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, img1.bits());
        glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    }

    // texture 2
    // ---------
    glGenTextures(1, &texture2);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2);
    // set the texture wrapping parameters
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);   // set texture wrapping to GL_REPEAT (default wrapping method)
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    // set texture filtering parameters
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    // load image, create texture and generate mipmaps
    QImage img2 = QImage(":/awesomeface.png").convertToFormat(QImage::Format_RGBA8888).mirrored(true, true);
    if (!img2.isNull()) {
        // note that the awesomeface.png has transparency and thus an alpha channel, so make sure to tell OpenGL the data type is of GL_RGBA
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, img2.width(), img2.height(), 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, img2.bits());
        glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
    }

    // tell opengl for each sampler to which texture unit it belongs to (only has to be done once)
    shaderProgram.bind();   // don't forget to activate/use the shader before setting uniforms!
    glUniform1i(shaderProgram.uniformLocation("texture1"), 0);
    glUniform1i(shaderProgram.uniformLocation("texture2"), 1);
    shaderProgram.release();

    //线框模式，QOpenGLExtraFunctions没这函数, 3_3_Core有
//    glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE);
}

void CoreFunctionWidget::resizeGL(int w, int h){
    glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
}

void CoreFunctionWidget::paintGL(){
    glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    // bind textures on corresponding texture units
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture1);
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture2);

    // create transformations
    QMatrix4x4 transform;
    transform.translate(QVector3D(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f));
    transform.rotate(m_nTimeValue, QVector3D(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));

    // get matrix's uniform location and set matrix
    shaderProgram.bind();
    int transformLoc = shaderProgram.uniformLocation("transform");
    glUniformMatrix4fv(transformLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, transform.data());

    // render container
    glBindVertexArray(VAO);
    glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr);
    shaderProgram.release();
}

    使用Qt相关函数版

    QtFunctionWidget.h

    #ifndef QTFUNCTIONWIDGET_H
#define QTFUNCTIONWIDGET_H

#include <QOpenGLWidget>


#include <QOpenGLWidget>
#include <QOpenGLShader>
#include <QOpenGLShaderProgram>
#include <QOpenGLFunctions>
#include <QOpenGLVertexArrayObject>
#include <QOpenGLBuffer>
#include <QOpenGLTexture>

class QtFunctionWidget : public QOpenGLWidget, protected QOpenGLFunctions
{
public:
    QtFunctionWidget(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~QtFunctionWidget() Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;

protected:
    virtual void initializeGL() Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;
    virtual void resizeGL(int w, int h) Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;
    virtual void paintGL() Q_DECL_OVERRIDE;

private:
    QOpenGLShaderProgram shaderProgram;
    QOpenGLBuffer vbo, ebo;
    QOpenGLVertexArrayObject vao;
    QOpenGLTexture *texture1 = nullptr;
    QOpenGLTexture *texture2 = nullptr;

    QTimer* m_pTimer = nullptr;
    int     m_nTimeValue = 0;
};

#endif // QTFUNCTIONWIDGET_H

    QtFunctionWidget.cpp

    #include "QtFunctionWidget.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QTimer>

QtFunctionWidget::QtFunctionWidget(QWidget *parent) : QOpenGLWidget (parent),
    vbo(QOpenGLBuffer::VertexBuffer),
    ebo(QOpenGLBuffer::IndexBuffer)
{
    m_pTimer = new QTimer(this);
    connect(m_pTimer, &QTimer::timeout, this, [=]{
        m_nTimeValue += 5;
        update();
    });
    m_pTimer->start(50);
}

QtFunctionWidget::~QtFunctionWidget(){
    makeCurrent();

    vbo.destroy();
    ebo.destroy();
    vao.destroy();

    delete texture1;
    delete texture2;

    doneCurrent();
}

void QtFunctionWidget::initializeGL(){
    this->initializeOpenGLFunctions();

    bool success = shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Vertex, ":/textures.vert");
    if (!success) {
        qDebug() << "shaderProgram addShaderFromSourceFile failed!" << shaderProgram.log();
        return;
    }

    success = shaderProgram.addShaderFromSourceFile(QOpenGLShader::Fragment, ":/textures.frag");
    if (!success) {
        qDebug() << "shaderProgram addShaderFromSourceFile failed!" << shaderProgram.log();
        return;
    }

    success = shaderProgram.link();
    if(!success) {
        qDebug() << "shaderProgram link failed!" << shaderProgram.log();
    }

    //VAO，VBO data
    float vertices[] = {
        // positions          // colors           // texture coords
         0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f, // top right
         0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 0.0f, // bottom right
        -0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f,   0.0f, 0.0f, // bottom left
        -0.5f,  0.5f, 0.0f,   1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f,   0.0f, 1.0f  // top left
    };
    unsigned int indices[] = {  // note that we start from 0!
        0, 1, 3,  // first Triangle
        1, 2, 3   // second Triangle
    };

    QOpenGLVertexArrayObject::Binder vaoBind(&vao);

    vbo.create();
    vbo.bind();
    vbo.allocate(vertices, sizeof(vertices));

    ebo.create();
    ebo.bind();
    ebo.allocate(indices, sizeof(indices));

    // position attribute
    int attr = -1;
    attr = shaderProgram.attributeLocation("aPos");
    shaderProgram.setAttributeBuffer(attr, GL_FLOAT, 0, 3, sizeof(GLfloat) * 8);
    shaderProgram.enableAttributeArray(attr);
    // color attribute
    attr = shaderProgram.attributeLocation("aColor");
    shaderProgram.setAttributeBuffer(attr, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(GLfloat) * 3, 3, sizeof(GLfloat) * 8);
    shaderProgram.enableAttributeArray(attr);
    // texture coord attribute
    attr = shaderProgram.attributeLocation("aTexCoord");
    shaderProgram.setAttributeBuffer(attr, GL_FLOAT, sizeof(GLfloat) * 6, 2, sizeof(GLfloat) * 8);
    shaderProgram.enableAttributeArray(attr);

    // texture 1
    // ---------
    texture1 = new QOpenGLTexture(QImage(":/container.jpg"), QOpenGLTexture::GenerateMipMaps); //直接生成绑定一个2d纹理, 并生成多级纹理MipMaps
    if(!texture1->isCreated()){
        qDebug() << "Failed to load texture";
    }
    // set the texture wrapping parameters
    texture1->setWrapMode(QOpenGLTexture::DirectionS, QOpenGLTexture::Repeat);// 等于glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
    texture1->setWrapMode(QOpenGLTexture::DirectionT, QOpenGLTexture::Repeat);//    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    // set texture filtering parameters
    texture1->setMinificationFilter(QOpenGLTexture::Linear);   //等价于glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    texture1->setMagnificationFilter(QOpenGLTexture::Linear);

    // texture 2
    // ---------
    texture2 = new QOpenGLTexture(QImage(":/awesomeface.png").mirrored(true, true), QOpenGLTexture::GenerateMipMaps); //直接生成绑定一个2d纹理, 并生成多级纹理MipMaps
    if(!texture2->isCreated()){
        qDebug() << "Failed to load texture";
    }
    // set the texture wrapping parameters
    texture2->setWrapMode(QOpenGLTexture::DirectionS, QOpenGLTexture::Repeat);// 等于glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
    texture2->setWrapMode(QOpenGLTexture::DirectionT, QOpenGLTexture::Repeat);//    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    // set texture filtering parameters
    texture2->setMinificationFilter(QOpenGLTexture::Linear);   //等价于glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    texture1->setMagnificationFilter(QOpenGLTexture::Linear);

    // tell opengl for each sampler to which texture unit it belongs to (only has to be done once)
    shaderProgram.bind();   // don't forget to activate/use the shader before setting uniforms!
    shaderProgram.setUniformValue("texture1", 0);
    shaderProgram.setUniformValue("texture2", 1);
    shaderProgram.release();

    vbo.release();
//    remember: do NOT unbind the EBO while a VAO is active as the bound element buffer object IS stored in the VAO; keep the EBO bound.
//    ebo.release();

}

void QtFunctionWidget::resizeGL(int w, int h){
    glViewport(0, 0, w, h);
}

void QtFunctionWidget::paintGL(){
    glClearColor(0.2f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);

    // bind textures on corresponding texture units
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
    texture1->bind();
    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1);
    texture2->bind();

    // create transformations
    QMatrix4x4 transform;
    transform.translate(QVector3D(0.5f, -0.5f, 0.0f));
    transform.rotate(m_nTimeValue, QVector3D(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));

    shaderProgram.bind();
    shaderProgram.setUniformValue("transform", transform);

    {// render container
        QOpenGLVertexArrayObject::Binder vaoBind(&vao);
        glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, 6, GL_UNSIGNED_INT, nullptr);
    }

    texture1->release();
    texture2->release();
    shaderProgram.release();
}

    GLSL

    textures.vert

    #version 330 core
layout (location = 0) in vec3 aPos;
layout (location = 1) in vec3 aColor;
layout (location = 2) in vec2 aTexCoord;

out vec3 ourColor;
out vec2 TexCoord;

uniform mat4 transform;

void main()
{
    gl_Position = transform * vec4(aPos, 1.0f);
    ourColor = aColor;
    TexCoord = aTexCoord;
    //TexCoord = vec2(aTexCoord.x, 1.0 - aTexCoord.y);
}

    textures.frag

    #version 330 core
out vec4 FragColor;

in vec3 ourColor;
in vec2 TexCoord;

uniform sampler2D texture1;
uniform sampler2D texture2;

void main()
{
    //FragColor = texture(texture1, TexCoord) * vec4(ourColor, 1.0);
    FragColor = mix(texture(texture1, TexCoord), texture(texture2, TexCoord), 0.2);
}

    main.cpp

    #include <QApplication>
#include "QtFunctionWidget.h"
#include "CoreFunctionWidget.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication a(argc, argv);

    QtFunctionWidget w1;
    CoreFunctionWidget w2;

    w1.setWindowTitle(QObject::tr("QtFunction"));
    w2.setWindowTitle(QObject::tr("CoreFunction"));

    w1.show();
    w2.show();

    return a.exec();
}

    相关文章

      网友评论

        本文标题：基于Qt的OpenGL学习（4）—— 变换

        本文链接：https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/vrbxjctx.html

        延伸阅读

        深度阅读

        • 您也可以注册成为美文阅读网的作者，发表您的原创作品、分享您的心情！

        栏目导航

        热点阅读

        OpenGL

        关于我们|服务条款|联系我们|基于Qt的OpenGL学习（4）—— 变换|投稿指南|网站地图|RSS订阅|排版工具|手机版

        提供经典美文摘抄,优美散文欣赏,现代诗歌精选,短篇小说,心情随笔,表白情书范文,故事会在线阅读欣赏

        Copyright © 2014-2023 Haomeiwen.com All Rights Reserved. 好美文阅读网 版权所有

        备案信息：桂公网安备 45052102000051号 · 桂ICP备13007215号-3

        本站所收录作品、热点评论等信息部分来源互联网，目的只是为了系统归纳学习和传递资讯

        所有作品版权归原创作者所有，与本站立场无关，如不慎侵犯了你的权益，请联系我们告知，我们将做删除处理！