标准Java库没有提供足够的方法来操作其核心类,Apache Commons Lang提供了这些额外的方法。
Apache Commons Lang为java提供了大量的帮助工具。lang API,特别是String操作方法、基本数值方法、对象反射、并发、创建和序列化以及System属性。此外,它还包含对java.util.Date的基本增强,以及一系列专门用于帮助构建方法的实用工具,如hashCode、toString和equals。
-- 来自官方简介http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-lang/index.html
StopWatch介绍及核心API
StopWatch是位于org.apache.commons.lang3.time下的和时间有关的线程非安全的工具类。StopWatch为计时提供了很方便的API。StopWatch中提供的API都是成对使用的,比如有开始就有停止,有暂停就有恢复.....
启动、停止、重置计时相关API
-
start()
启动计时 -
createStarted()
StopWatch的静态方法,创建和启动计时器二合一 -
stop()
停止计时器 -
reset()
重置计时器,可以理解将计时器所有状态数据清零为初始状态(包括停止计时),从而可以继续复用这个计时器(重置之后,若要启动计时需要重新调用start()开启计时)
@Test
public void testStopWatch() throws InterruptedException {
// 计时测试
StopWatch stopWatch = StopWatch.createStarted();
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println(stopWatch.getTime()); // 2001
// 重置测试,重置之后,不再计时
stopWatch.reset();
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println(stopWatch.getTime()); // 3005
// 重新启动重置之后的计时器
stopWatch.start();
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println(stopWatch.getTime()); // 2005
// 停止计时测试
stopWatch.stop();
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println(stopWatch.getTime()); // 2001
}
暂停、恢复计时相关API
-
suspend()
暂停计时,此时计时器也将停止 -
resume()
恢复计时,计时器重新开始计时 -
split()
类似与暂停计时,但是它与暂停计时的区别在于,此时计时器还是正常计时的,只不过调用split()时相当于在此刻打了一个标记,然后在未来某个时间可以获取这个标记到开始计时之间的这段时间。 -
unsplit()
与split()相反,用于清除上次split设置的标记
public void testStopWatch002() throws InterruptedException {
// 暂停计时测试
StopWatch stopWatch = StopWatch.createStarted();
Thread.sleep(2000);
stopWatch.suspend();
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println(stopWatch.getTime()); // 2005,暂停之后不再计时,所以暂停之后的2s不会计入
// 恢复计时
stopWatch.resume();
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println(stopWatch.getTime()); // 4010,暂停期间不计时,恢复之后继续计时
// 设置split停止标记
stopWatch.split();
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println(stopWatch.getSplitTime()); // 这里返回split标记到开始计时时的时间间隔,4010
Thread.sleep(2000);
stopWatch.unsplit();
System.out.println(stopWatch.getTime()); // 设置split标记不影响计时,所以去除暂停的两秒,总共8010
}
获取计时结果相关API
其主要核心的几个方法如下:
-
getTime()
-
getSplitTime()
-
getStartTime()
-
getStopTime()
-
formatTime()
-
formatSplitTime()
public void testStopWatch003() throws InterruptedException {
StopWatch stopWatch = StopWatch.createStarted();
Thread.sleep(200);
System.out.println(stopWatch.getTime()); // 205
System.out.println(stopWatch.formatTime()); // 00:00:00.205
}
实现原理
StopWatch的实现原理比较简单,核心就是通过几个状态和几个变量来进行计时
/**
* The start time in nanoseconds.
*/
private long startTimeNanos;
/**
* The start time in milliseconds - nanoTime is only for elapsed time so we
* need to also store the currentTimeMillis to maintain the old
* getStartTime API.
*/
private long startTimeMillis;
/**
* The end time in milliseconds - nanoTime is only for elapsed time so we
* need to also store the currentTimeMillis to maintain the old
* getStartTime API.
*/
private long stopTimeMillis;
/**
* The stop time in nanoseconds.
*/
private long stopTimeNanos;
看start()方法
public void start() {
if (this.runningState == State.STOPPED) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Stopwatch must be reset before being restarted. ");
}
if (this.runningState != State.UNSTARTED) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Stopwatch already started. ");
}
this.startTimeNanos = System.nanoTime();
this.startTimeMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
this.runningState = State.RUNNING;
}
可以看到调用start()的方法时,记录开始计时的时间,以及修改计时器状态,再来看
public long getNanoTime() {
if (this.runningState == State.STOPPED || this.runningState == State.SUSPENDED) {
return this.stopTimeNanos - this.startTimeNanos;
} else if (this.runningState == State.UNSTARTED) {
return 0;
} else if (this.runningState == State.RUNNING) {
return System.nanoTime() - this.startTimeNanos;
}
throw new IllegalStateException("Illegal running state has occurred.");
}
其实就是返回当前时间和开始时间的间隔,StopWatch更多的还是状态分明,为我们封装了一些简单易用的API,比如开始停止计时,暂停恢复计时,StopWatch可以用来代替我们代码中经常类似下面这种计时:
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
// run real action
Thread.sleep(2000);
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("方法耗时:" + (endTime - startTime)); // 方法耗时:2006
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