Python窗体之大学生成绩查询 !

作者: 14e61d025165 | 来源:发表于2019-04-12 15:26 被阅读1次

Python窗体之大学生成绩查询 !
亲历sql题分享
sql50题
[源码和文档分享]基于JAVA和MYSQL数据库的学生成绩管理系
sql
SQL干货篇之查询数据
2019-01-10
Bugku 学生成绩查询
SQL02
Python爬虫登录查询并抓取学生成绩

一、麻雀虽小，五脏俱全

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555053975187" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">

image

本系统用到的python库：

tkinter——用于创建windows窗体

requests——用于请求获取数据

PIL——用于处理验证码图片

lxml——用于处理获得的数据

xlwt——用于将数据保存为Excel文件

pyinstaller——用于将python文件转为exe文件

二、思维导图

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555053975192" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">

image

Python学习群：683380553，有大牛答疑，有资源共享！有想学习python编程的，或是转行，或是大学生，还有工作中想提升自己能力的，正在学习的小伙伴欢迎加入学习。

分析需求，建立大致方向
学习相关知识，学以致用
分析网页数据，并记录关键点
建立测试代码，得到满意结果为止
根据需求建立窗体大致模型
组合代码，不断运行
处理bug
生成exe
测试exe
分享exe

三、经验总结

1、窗体问题

1）创建窗体

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

root.title(

"成绩查询系统"

)

标题

root.geometry(

'360x300'

)

root.maxsize(360,300)

限制窗口大小

root.minsize(360,300)

root.mainloop()

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555053975197" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">

image

简简单单五行代码就创建了一个不含任何控件的大小为360x300（中间为小写的x）的窗体

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555053975199" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">

image

窗体属性

2）窗体中的控件

#定义退出按钮命令

def exit():

root.quit()

btn1 = Button(root, text='退出系统', command=exit)

btn1.grid(column=0,row=0)

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555053975202" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">

image

定义了一个按钮，放在root窗体，显示名称为退出系统， command理解为按钮点击时执行的函数；.grid()为一种排列方式,另外还有 .place() , .pack()

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555053975207" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">

image

窗体控件

3）动态设置控件属性(文本)

zh = Entry(root)

zh.grid(column=3, row=2)

zh.insert(0,'2016200000') #通过该语句可向输入框中插入字符串

keyword = Entry(root,show='*') # 若为密码则输入的字符将显示为 *

keyword.grid(column=3, row=4)

keyword['show']=''

该语句会修改显示方式(即显示输入的文本)

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555053975210" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">

image

4）制作表格

from tkinter import ttk, messagebox

from tkinter import *

root = Tk()

root.title('全部成绩')

root.geometry('800x600')

root.maxsize(800,600)

root.minsize(800,600)

columns = ('学期','科目','学分','课程属性','成绩')

tv = ttk.Treeview(root, show='headings',columns=columns)

tv.column('学期', width=200, anchor='center')

tv.column('科目',width=300,anchor='center')

tv.column('学分',width=100,anchor='center')

tv.column('课程属性',width=100,anchor='center')

tv.column('成绩',width=100,anchor='center')

tv.heading('学期', text='学期')

tv.heading('科目',text='科目')

tv.heading('学分',text='学分')

tv.heading('课程属性',text='课程属性')

tv.heading('成绩',text='成绩')

tv.pack(side=LEFT,fill=BOTH)

root.mainloop()

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555053975215" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">

image

2、爬虫问题

import requests

请求头

header = {

'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:66.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/66.0'}

请求数据

data = {

'zjh':'',

'mm':'',

'v_yzm':''

}

brower = requests.session() # 创建session对象

cookie = brower.cookies.get_dict() # 获取cookie值

res= brower.post(url1,data=data,headers=header,cookies=cookie).text

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555053975217" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">

image

3、保存到Excel

import xlwt

columns = ('学期','科目','学分','课程属性','成绩')

dir ='我的成绩单.xlsx'

文件路径

f = xlwt.Workbook() # 创建工作簿

sheet1 = f.add_sheet('成绩单') #创建成绩单工作表

sheet1.col(0).width = 256*50 #设置单元格宽度

sheet1.col(1).width = 256 * 50

sheet1.col(2).width = 256 * 10

sheet1.col(3).width = 256 * 10

sheet1.col(4).width = 256 * 10

row0 = list(columns)

for i in range(5):

sheet1.write(0,i,row0[i]）# 向工作表第一行写数据作为表头

f.save(dir) # 保存文件到指定路径

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555053975221" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">

image

4、生成exe

1）安装pyinstaller

pip install pyinstaller

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555053975224" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">

image

2）打包

cmd 命令行切换到项目目录，执行下列语句

pyinstaller -F -w main.py # 此处应注意大小写

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555053975226" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">

image

最后一行看到successful字样，即可在项目根目录的dist目录下找到exe文件，双击即可执行

3）部分错误

若exe文件因错误无法打开

尝试以下语句

pyinstaller -F main.py # 此处应注意大小写

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555053975228" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">

image

完成后双击exe文件会有一个黑框一闪而过，需要用到截屏将黑框截图，里面显示了错误信息，根据错误信息对症下药。

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555053975231" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">

image <input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.5px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 375px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image> <tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1555053975234" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;">