第十周 day2.png
一、ansible的应用：
1、批量命令执行；
2、批量安装服务；
3、批量配置同步；
4、批量任务执行；
5、批量代码部署。
二、ansible优势：
1、ansible不需要单独安装客户端，也不需要启动任何服务；
2、ansible是python中的一套完整的自动化执行任务模块；
三、ansible的安装：
yum install -y ansible
四、ansible主机清单（ansible inventory）
[root@m01 ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts （清单）
## db-[99:101]-node.example.com
[oldboy]
172.16.1.7
172.16.1.41
五、ad-hoc模块的几种使用方法：
ad-hoc简而言之就是“临时命令”，不会保存
QQ图片20190528122333.png
1、command命令模块：
[root@m01 .ssh]# ansible all -a hostname
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
backup
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
web01
2、copy文件拷贝模块：
[root@m01 /]# ansible all -m copy -a 'src=/etc/hostname dest=/tmp/'
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "f434396716e2c9aed47cfde87c491cce5a2c08fa",
"dest": "/tmp/hostname",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "318d7defb693a2eb0d4f1a7a96575a57",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 4,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1559018281.86-28366237641950/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
172.16.1.41 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": false,
"checksum": "f434396716e2c9aed47cfde87c491cce5a2c08fa",
"dest": "/tmp/hostname",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/tmp/hostname",
"size": 4,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
3、script脚本模块：
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -m script -a "/server/scripts/1.sh"
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"rc": 0,
"stderr": "Shared connection to 172.16.1.7 closed.\r\n",
"stderr_lines": [
"Shared connection to 172.16.1.7 closed."
],
"stdout": "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\r\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\r\n * base: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn\r\n * extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\r\n * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn\r\nResolving Dependencies\r\n--> Running transaction check\r\n---> Package cowsay.noarch 0:3.04-4.el7 will be installed\r\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\r\n\r\nDependencies Resolved\r\n\r\n================================================================================\r\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\r\n================================================================================\r\nInstalling:\r\n cowsay noarch 3.04-4.el7 epel 42 k\r\n\r\nTransaction Summary\r\n================================================================================\r\nInstall 1 Package\r\n\r\nTotal download size: 42 k\r\nInstalled size: 77 k\r\nDownloading packages:\r\n\rcowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch.rpm | 42 kB 00:00 \r\nRunning transaction check\r\nRunning transaction test\r\nTransaction test succeeded\r\nRunning transaction\r\n\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [ ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [# ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [## ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [#### ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [##### ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [###### ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [####### ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [######## ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [######### ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [########## ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [########### ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############ ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############# ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############## ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############### ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [################ ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [################# ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [################## ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############################### ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [################################ ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch 1/1 \r\n\r Verifying : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch 1/1 \r\n\r\nInstalled:\r\n cowsay.noarch 0:3.04-4.el7 \r\n\r\nComplete!\r\n",
"stdout_lines": [
"Loaded plugins: fastestmirror",
"Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile",
" * base: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn",
" * extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn",
" * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn",
"Resolving Dependencies",
"--> Running transaction check",
"---> Package cowsay.noarch 0:3.04-4.el7 will be installed",
"--> Finished Dependency Resolution",
"",
"Dependencies Resolved",
"",
"================================================================================",
" Package Arch Version Repository Size",
"================================================================================",
"Installing:",
" cowsay noarch 3.04-4.el7 epel 42 k",
"",
"Transaction Summary",
"================================================================================",
"Install 1 Package",
"",
"Total download size: 42 k",
"Installed size: 77 k",
"Downloading packages:",
"",
"cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch.rpm | 42 kB 00:00 ",
"Running transaction check",
"Running transaction test",
"Transaction test succeeded",
"Running transaction",
"",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [ ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [# ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [## ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [#### ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [##### ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [###### ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [####### ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [######## ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [######### ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [########## ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [########### ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############ ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############# ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############## ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############### ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [################ ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [################# ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [################## ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############################### ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [################################ ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch 1/1 ",
"",
" Verifying : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch 1/1 ",
"",
"Installed:",
" cowsay.noarch 0:3.04-4.el7 ",
"",
"Complete!"
]
}
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"rc": 0,
"stderr": "Shared connection to 172.16.1.41 closed.\r\n",
"stderr_lines": [
"Shared connection to 172.16.1.41 closed."
],
"stdout": "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\r\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\r\n * base: mirrors.aliyun.com\r\n * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com\r\n * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com\r\nResolving Dependencies\r\n--> Running transaction check\r\n---> Package cowsay.noarch 0:3.04-4.el7 will be installed\r\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\r\n\r\nDependencies Resolved\r\n\r\n================================================================================\r\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\r\n================================================================================\r\nInstalling:\r\n cowsay noarch 3.04-4.el7 epel 42 k\r\n\r\nTransaction Summary\r\n================================================================================\r\nInstall 1 Package\r\n\r\nTotal download size: 42 k\r\nInstalled size: 77 k\r\nDownloading packages:\r\n\rcowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch.r 0% [ ] 0.0 B/s | 0 B --:-- ETA \r\rcowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch.rpm | 42 kB 00:00 \r\nRunning transaction check\r\nRunning transaction test\r\nTransaction test succeeded\r\nRunning transaction\r\n\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [ ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [# ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [## ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [#### ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [##### ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [###### ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [####### ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [######## ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [######### ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [########## ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [########### ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############ ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############# ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############## ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############### ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [################ ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [################# ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [################## ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############################### ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [################################ ] 1/1\r Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch 1/1 \r\n\r Verifying : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch 1/1 \r\n\r\nInstalled:\r\n cowsay.noarch 0:3.04-4.el7 \r\n\r\nComplete!\r\n",
"stdout_lines": [
"Loaded plugins: fastestmirror",
"Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile",
" * base: mirrors.aliyun.com",
" * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com",
" * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com",
"Resolving Dependencies",
"--> Running transaction check",
"---> Package cowsay.noarch 0:3.04-4.el7 will be installed",
"--> Finished Dependency Resolution",
"",
"Dependencies Resolved",
"",
"================================================================================",
" Package Arch Version Repository Size",
"================================================================================",
"Installing:",
" cowsay noarch 3.04-4.el7 epel 42 k",
"",
"Transaction Summary",
"================================================================================",
"Install 1 Package",
"",
"Total download size: 42 k",
"Installed size: 77 k",
"Downloading packages:",
"",
"cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch.r 0% [ ] 0.0 B/s | 0 B --:-- ETA ",
"",
"cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch.rpm | 42 kB 00:00 ",
"Running transaction check",
"Running transaction test",
"Transaction test succeeded",
"Running transaction",
"",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [ ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [# ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [## ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [#### ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [##### ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [###### ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [####### ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [######## ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [######### ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [########## ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [########### ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############ ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############# ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############## ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############### ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [################ ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [################# ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [################## ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [############################### ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch [################################ ] 1/1",
" Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch 1/1 ",
"",
" Verifying : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch 1/1 ",
"",
"Installed:",
" cowsay.noarch 0:3.04-4.el7 ",
"",
"Complete!"
]
}
4、yum安装软件模块：
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -m yum -a 'name=sl state=present'
5、file文件配置模块：
相当于mkdir）
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -m file -a 'path=/tmp/a/b/c/d/e/f/g state=directory '
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/tmp/a/b/c/d/e/f/g",
"size": 6,
"state": "directory",
"uid": 0
}
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0755",
"owner": "root",
"path": "/tmp/a/b/c/d/e/f/g",
"size": 6,
"state": "directory",
"uid": 0
}
相当于touch
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -m file -a 'path=/tmp/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/oldboy.txt state=touch '
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/oldboy.txt",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 0,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"dest": "/tmp/a/b/c/d/e/f/g/oldboy.txt",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 0,
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
检查
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -a 'tree /tmp/ '
172.16.1.41 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/tmp/
├── a
│ └── b
│ └── c
│ └── d
│ └── e
│ └── f
│ └── g
│ └── oldboy.txt
├── ansible_command_payload_PktBE1
│ ├── ansible_command_payload.zip
│ ├── __main__.py
│ └── __main__.pyc
├── etc
│ ├── gshadow
│ ├── gshadow-
│ ├── ld.so.conf.d
│ │ └── kernel-3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64.conf
│ ├── machine-id
│ ├── mtab
│ ├── openldap
│ │ └── certs
│ │ └── password
│ ├── pki
│ │ ├── ca-trust
│ │ │ └── extracted
│ │ │ ├── java
│ │ │ │ └── cacerts
│ │ │ ├── openssl
│ │ │ │ └── ca-bundle.trust.crt
│ │ │ └── pem
│ │ │ ├── email-ca-bundle.pem
│ │ │ ├── objsign-ca-bundle.pem
│ │ │ └── tls-ca-bundle.pem
│ │ ├── java
│ │ │ └── cacerts
│ │ └── tls
│ │ ├── cert.pem
│ │ └── certs
│ │ ├── ca-bundle.crt
│ │ └── ca-bundle.trust.crt
│ ├── shadow
│ ├── shadow-
│ ├── ssl
│ │ └── certs
│ │ ├── ca-bundle.crt
│ │ └── ca-bundle.trust.crt
│ ├── sudoers
│ └── udev
│ └── hwdb.bin
├── hostname
├── systemd-private-b29d7e55db3b423497a16f5c18e6f035-chronyd.service-NEBFWj
│ └── tmp
├── systemd-private-caf3d736f056411a9dbbc354c8aa03a1-chronyd.service-cncaY4
│ └── tmp
├── vmware-root_6331-1723602126
├── vmware-root_6388-994818425
├── vmware-root_6446-994097477
└── vmware-root_6468-701206161
32 directories, 26 files
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
/tmp/
├── a
│ └── b
│ └── c
│ └── d
│ └── e
│ └── f
│ └── g
│ └── oldboy.txt
├── ansible_command_payload_5AgcRS
│ ├── ansible_command_payload.zip
│ ├── __main__.py
│ └── __main__.pyc
├── hostname
├── systemd-private-673a0eb7b64d4c90af717f54294c46ac-chronyd.service-iZgzgp
│ └── tmp
├── systemd-private-deab5f8bc3eb42e6a003febfdbc07473-chronyd.service-jFqYZF
│ └── tmp
├── vmware-root_6262-734693435
├── vmware-root_6334-701009557
├── vmware-root_6405-1983653167
├── vmware-root_6560-692096908
└── vmware-root_6874-3099737545
17 directories, 5 files
6、server 服务模块：
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -m server -a 'name=crond state=started enabled=yes'
(开启cron定时服务，永久开启)
7、cron 定时任务服务模块：
[root@m01 ~]#ansible all -m cron -a 'name="sync time"(为了防止写入多个定时任务，用作注释，和别的服务name名称不相同) minute="*/5" job="/sbin/ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com >/dev/null 2>&1"'
8、mount 挂载模块：
#web01 把nfs01 共享的/nfs 挂载到 /upload
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 172.16.1.7 -m mount -a 'fstype=nfs src=172.16.1.31:/nfs path=/upload state=mounted'
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"dump": "0",
"fstab": "/etc/fstab",
"fstype": "nfs",
"name": "/upload",
"opts": "defaults",
"passno": "0",
"src": "172.16.1.31:/nfs"
}
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 172.16.1.7 -a 'df -h'
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
172.16.1.31:/nfs 99G 1.7G 98G 2% /upload
[root@m01 ~]# ansible 172.16.1.7 -a 'grep upload /etc/fstab'
172.16.1.7 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
172.16.1.31:/nfs /upload nfs defaults 0 0
9、压缩模块：
[root@m01 ~]# ansible all -m archive -a ' path=/etc dest=/backup/lidao/etc.tar.gz '
path 指定远程主机目录或文件信息（要压缩的源文件）
dest 要解压推送到的目标路径
10、解压模块：
[root@m01 ~]#ansible all -m unarchive -a 'src=/backup/lidao/etc.tar.gz dest=/usr/local copy=no mode=0755'
src 推送数据的源文件信息，加copy=no，指远端源文件（要进行解压的源文件）
dest 远端推送数据的目标路径（要解压到的目标路径）
copy=0 指远端源文件
mode 修改文件权限
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