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RxJava浅析

RxJava浅析

作者: 程序员要多喝水 | 来源:发表于2019-12-09 21:10 被阅读0次

    测试用例:

         new Thread( new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    rxjavaTest();
                }
            },"rxjava_test").start();
        
    
        @SuppressLint("CheckResult")
        private void rxjavaTest() {
            Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<String>() {
                @Override
                public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<String> emitter) throws Exception {
                    LOG_TAG("subscribe");
                    emitter.onNext("test");
                }
            }).subscribe(new Observer<String>() {
                        @Override
                        public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
                            LOG_TAG("onSubscribe");
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onNext(String s) {
                            LOG_TAG("onNext");
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onError(Throwable e) {
    
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onComplete() {
    
                        }
                    });
        }
    
        private void LOG_TAG(String prefix){
            Log.d(TAG,prefix + " ;"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
        }
    

    显示结果,3个方法在一个线程中:

    2019-12-02 17:05:21.843 18402-18434/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: onSubscribe ;rxjava_test
    2019-12-02 17:05:21.843 18402-18434/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: subscribe ;rxjava_test
    2019-12-02 17:05:21.843 18402-18434/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: onNext ;rxjava_test
    

    分析代码:
    ObservableOnSubscribe

    public interface ObservableOnSubscribe<T> {
    
        void subscribe(@NonNull ObservableEmitter<T> emitter) throws Throwable;
    }
    

    Observable#create

     public static <T> Observable<T> create(ObservableOnSubscribe<T> source) {
            ObjectHelper.requireNonNull(source, "source is null");
            return RxJavaPlugins.onAssembly(new ObservableCreate<T>(source));
     }
    

    发现,经过Observable.create方法,会将ObservableOnSubscribe封装成ObservableCreate类型;

    然后看Observable#subscribe方法干了啥?

    public final Disposable subscribe(Consumer<? super T> onNext) {
            return subscribe(onNext, Functions.ON_ERROR_MISSING, Functions.EMPTY_ACTION);
        }
        
    @SchedulerSupport(SchedulerSupport.NONE)
        @Override
        public final void subscribe(Observer<? super T> observer) {
                ...
                subscribeActual(observer);
                ...
                throw npe;
            }
        }   
    

    关键就是调用subscribeActual方法,此时回头看上方在执行到subscribe方法,其实就是过程是
    ObservableCreate#subscribeActual的方法:
    来看其源码:

      @Override
        protected void subscribeActual(Observer<? super T> observer) {
            CreateEmitter<T> parent = new CreateEmitter<T>(observer);
            observer.onSubscribe(parent);
    
            try {
                source.subscribe(parent);
            } catch (Throwable ex) {
                Exceptions.throwIfFatal(ex);
                parent.onError(ex);
            }
        }
    

    其会subscribeActual(observer)的observer是subscribe(new Observer)这里面的new出来的;
    CreateEmitter<T> parent = new CreateEmitter<T>(observer);会将这个new Observer封装成CreateEmitter,之后直接执行observer.onSubscribe方法;因此日志打印最开始执行的是

    2019-12-02 17:05:21.843 18402-18434/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: onSubscribe ;rxjava_test
    

    ;之后看下 source.subscribe(parent)方法;其中source是回头
    Observable#create

     public static <T> Observable<T> create(ObservableOnSubscribe<T> source) {
            ObjectHelper.requireNonNull(source, "source is null");
            return RxJavaPlugins.onAssembly(new ObservableCreate<T>(source));
     }
    

    这个source就是new ObservableOnSubscribe,因此source.subscribe会调用到ObservableOnSubscribe#subscribe方法,所以第二个打印的会是:

    2019-12-02 17:05:21.843 18402-18434/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: subscribe ;rxjava_test
    
     @Override
                public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<String> emitter) throws Exception {
                    LOG_TAG("subscribe");
                    emitter.onNext("test");
                }
    

    调用 emitter.onNext("test");时候,因为 observer.onSubscribe(parent)这里面的parent是将ObservableEmitter封装成CreateEmitter,所以在调用onNext时候会回调到CreateEmitter#onNext方法,代码如下:

    static final class CreateEmitter<T>
        extends AtomicReference<Disposable>
        implements ObservableEmitter<T>, Disposable {
        
            @Override
            public void onNext(T t) {
                if (t == null) {
                    onError(ExceptionHelper.createNullPointerException("onNext called with a null value."));
                    return;
                }
                if (!isDisposed()) {
                    observer.onNext(t);
                }
            }
       }     
    

    所以在打印

    2019-12-02 17:05:21.843 18402-18434/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: onNext ;rxjava_test
    

    流程图大概如下:

    graph TD
      id1(ObservableOnSubscribe)
      id2(ObservableCreate)
      id3(Observer)
      id1 --> id2
      id2 --subscribe--> id3
    

    现在添加一些事件切换过程,比如map,flatMap

       @SuppressLint("CheckResult")
        private void rxjavaTest() {
            Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<String>() {
                @Override
                public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<String> emitter) throws Exception {
                    LOG_TAG("subscribe");
                    emitter.onNext("test");
                }
            })
                    .map(new Function<String, String>() {
                        @Override
                        public String apply(String s) throws Exception {
                            LOG_TAG("test map");
                            return "test map";
                        }
                    })
                    .flatMap(new Function<String, ObservableSource<String>>() {
                        @Override
                        public ObservableSource<String> apply(String s) throws Exception {
                            return new ObservableSource<String>() {
                                @Override
                                public void subscribe(Observer<? super String> observer) {
                                    LOG_TAG("test flatMap");
                                    observer.onNext("test flatMap");
                                }
                            };
                        }
                    })
                    .subscribe(new Observer<String>() {
                        @Override
                        public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
                            LOG_TAG("onSubscribe");
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onNext(String s) {
                            LOG_TAG("onNext:"+s);
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onError(Throwable e) {
    
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onComplete() {
    
                        }
                    });
        }
    

    打印日志结果如下:

    2019-12-02 17:31:54.740 19012-19042/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: onSubscribe ;rxjava_test
    2019-12-02 17:31:54.740 19012-19042/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: subscribe ;rxjava_test
    2019-12-02 17:31:54.740 19012-19042/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: test map ;rxjava_test
    2019-12-02 17:31:54.741 19012-19042/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: test flatMap ;rxjava_test
    2019-12-02 17:31:54.741 19012-19042/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: onNext:test flatMap ;rxjava_test
    

    看下Observable#map/flatMap:

      @CheckReturnValue
        @SchedulerSupport(SchedulerSupport.NONE)
        public final <R> Observable<R> map(Function<? super T, ? extends R> mapper) {
            ObjectHelper.requireNonNull(mapper, "mapper is null");
            return RxJavaPlugins.onAssembly(new ObservableMap<T, R>(this, mapper));
        }
        
      public final <R> Observable<R> flatMap(Function<? super T, ? extends ObservableSource<? extends R>> mapper,
                boolean delayErrors, int maxConcurrency, int bufferSize) {
            ...
            return RxJavaPlugins.onAssembly(new ObservableFlatMap<T, R>(this, mapper, delayErrors, maxConcurrency, bufferSize));
        }  
    

    分析源码发现,其实也就是将事件封装,从ObservableCreate封装成ObservableMap/ObservableFlatMap;
    来看ObservableMap源码:

      @Override
        public void subscribeActual(Observer<? super U> t) {
            source.subscribe(new MapObserver<T, U>(t, function));
     }
     
      static final class MapObserver<T, U> extends BasicFuseableObserver<T, U> {
            final Function<? super T, ? extends U> mapper;
    
            MapObserver(Observer<? super U> actual, Function<? super T, ? extends U> mapper) {
                super(actual);
                this.mapper = mapper;
            }
    
            @Override
            public void onNext(T t) {
                if (sourceMode != NONE) {
                    downstream.onNext(null);
                    return;
                }
                ...
                downstream.onNext(v);
            }
        }
    

    其中当调用subscribe方法时候,会调用到ObservableCreate#subscribeActual(observer)方法,而ObservableCreate#subscribeActual中的observer是封装后的ObservableMap/ObservableFlatMap,
    因此会调用到ObservableMap/ObservableFlatMap#subscribeActual,所以会显按顺序打印出来日志,流程如下;

    graph TD
      id1(ObservableOnSubscribe)
      id2(ObservableCreate)
      id3(ObservableMap)
      id4(ObservableFlatMap)
      id5(Observer)
      id1 --> id2
      id2 --> id3
      id3 --> id4
      id4 --subscribe--> id5
    

    切断事件联系:Disposable

    Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<String>() {
                @Override
                public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<String> emitter) throws Exception {
                    LOG_TAG("subscribe");
                    emitter.onNext("test");
                    emitter.onNext("test1");
                    emitter.onNext("test2");
                    emitter.onNext("test3");
                }
            }).subscribe(
                    new Observer<String>() {
                        private Disposable mDisposable = null;
                        @Override
                        public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
                            LOG_TAG("onSubscribe");
                            mDisposable = d;
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onNext(String s) {
                            LOG_TAG("onNext:" + s);
                            if (s.equals("test2")){
                                mDisposable.dispose();
                            }
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onError(Throwable e) {
    
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onComplete() {
    
                        }
                    });
    

    在发送事件时候,最后是调用到ObservableCreate#subscribeActual方法,执行ObservableEmitter封装的CreateEmitter方法发送onNext事件,代码如下:
    CreateEmitter#onNext

      public void onNext(T t) {
                if (t == null) {
                    onError(new NullPointerException("onNext called with null. Null values are generally not allowed in 2.x operators and sources."));
                    return;
                }
                if (!isDisposed()) {
                    observer.onNext(t);
                }
        }
            
       public boolean isDisposed() {
                return DisposableHelper.isDisposed(get());
        }
            
       public static boolean isDisposed(Disposable d) {
                return d == DISPOSED;
        }
            
       public static boolean dispose(AtomicReference<Disposable> field) {
            Disposable current = field.get();
            Disposable d = DISPOSED;
            if (current != d) {
                current = field.getAndSet(d);
                if (current != d) {
                    if (current != null) {
                        current.dispose();
                    }
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
    

    这里会判断是否isDisposed,如果是,则不在执行后续的onNext方法,事件也就被抛弃;

    事件发送是串型发送,非并行

    Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<String>() {
                @Override
                public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<String> emitter) throws Exception {
                    LOG_TAG("subscribe");
                    emitter.onNext("test");
                    emitter.onNext("test1");
                    emitter.onNext("test2");
                    emitter.onNext("test3");
                }
            }).subscribe(
                    new Observer<String>() {
                        private Disposable mDisposable = null;
                        @Override
                        public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
                            LOG_TAG("onSubscribe");
                            mDisposable = d;
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onNext(String s) {
                            if (s.equals("test2")){
                                SystemClock.sleep(10000);
                            }
                            LOG_TAG("onNext:" + s);
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onError(Throwable e) {
    
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onComplete() {
    
                        }
                    });
    

    打印结果:

    2019-12-03 19:58:59.485 6200-6222/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: onSubscribe ;rxjava_test
    2019-12-03 19:58:59.485 6200-6222/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: subscribe ;rxjava_test
    2019-12-03 19:58:59.485 6200-6222/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: onNext:test ;rxjava_test
    2019-12-03 19:58:59.486 6200-6222/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: onNext:test1 ;rxjava_test
    2019-12-03 19:59:09.487 6200-6222/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: onNext:test2 ;rxjava_test
    2019-12-03 19:59:09.487 6200-6222/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: onNext:test3 ;rxjava_test
    

    结果显示onNext:test1和onNext:test2 事件差10S;

    前面说的都没设计到线程,其实设计线程也就是多2个封装类而已,就是ObservableObserveOn/ObservableSubscribeOn

    @SuppressLint("CheckResult")
        private void rxjavaTest() {
            Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<String>() {
                @Override
                public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<String> emitter) throws Exception {
                    LOG_TAG("subscribe");
                    emitter.onNext("test");
                }
            })
                    .map(new Function<String, String>() {
                        @Override
                        public String apply(String s) throws Exception {
                            LOG_TAG("test map");
                            return "test map";
                        }
                    })
                    .flatMap(new Function<String, ObservableSource<String>>() {
                        @Override
                        public ObservableSource<String> apply(String s) throws Exception {
                            return new ObservableSource<String>() {
                                @Override
                                public void subscribe(Observer<? super String> observer) {
                                    LOG_TAG("test flatMap");
                                    observer.onNext("test flatMap");
                                }
                            };
                        }
                    }).subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
                    .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                    .subscribe(new Observer<String>() {
                        @Override
                        public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
                            LOG_TAG("onSubscribe");
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onNext(String s) {
                            LOG_TAG("onNext:"+s);
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onError(Throwable e) {
    
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onComplete() {
    
                        }
                    });
        }
    

    打印日志如下:

    2019-12-02 17:59:40.959 19257-19279/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: onSubscribe ;rxjava_test
    2019-12-02 17:59:40.986 19257-19284/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: subscribe ;RxCachedThreadScheduler-1
    2019-12-02 17:59:40.986 19257-19284/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: test map ;RxCachedThreadScheduler-1
    2019-12-02 17:59:40.986 19257-19284/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: test flatMap ;RxCachedThreadScheduler-1
    2019-12-02 17:59:41.060 19257-19257/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: onNext:test flatMap ;main
    

    来分析一波,subscribeOn/observeOn

    public final Observable<T> subscribeOn(Scheduler scheduler) {
            ObjectHelper.requireNonNull(scheduler, "scheduler is null");
            return RxJavaPlugins.onAssembly(new ObservableSubscribeOn<T>(this, scheduler));
        }
        
    public final Observable<T> observeOn(Scheduler scheduler, boolean delayError, int bufferSize) {
            ObjectHelper.requireNonNull(scheduler, "scheduler is null");
            ObjectHelper.verifyPositive(bufferSize, "bufferSize");
            return RxJavaPlugins.onAssembly(new ObservableObserveOn<T>(this, scheduler, delayError, bufferSize));
        }    
    

    将上面返回的observable封装成ObservableSubscribeOn/ObservableObserveOn;
    还是分析subscribeActual方法:
    ObservableSubscribeOn#subscribeActual

     @Override
        public void subscribeActual(final Observer<? super T> observer) {
            final SubscribeOnObserver<T> parent = new SubscribeOnObserver<T>(observer);
    
            observer.onSubscribe(parent);
    
            parent.setDisposable(scheduler.scheduleDirect(new SubscribeTask(parent)));
        }
    

    首先会将上面返回的ObservableFlatMap封装成SubscribeOnObserver,然后调用onSubscribe方法,注意ObservableCreate#subscribeActual方法也有observer.onSubscribe:

      protected void subscribeActual(Observer<? super T> c) {
            CreateEmitter<T> parent = new CreateEmitter<T>(observer);
            observer.onSubscribe(parent);
    
            try {
                source.subscribe(parent);
            } catch (Throwable ex) {
                Exceptions.throwIfFatal(ex);
                parent.onError(ex);
            }
        }
    

    注意这里打印的onSubscribe日志是ObservableSubscribeOn#subscribeActual打印来出的,
    原因是因为Override了onSubscribe方法,当ObservableCreate#subscribeActual中调用observer.onSubscribe时候,调用到SubscribeOnObserver#onSubscribe就没了;

    static final class SubscribeOnObserver<T> extends AtomicReference<Disposable> implements Observer<T>, Disposable {
            private static final long serialVersionUID = 8094547886072529208L;
            final Observer<? super T> downstream;
    
            @Override
            public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
                DisposableHelper.setOnce(this.upstream, d);
            }
    }
    

    如果有多个onSubscribe(xxx)方法,那么调用的也会是最后一次调用到ObservableSubscribeOn#subscribeActual中的observer.onSubscribe(parent);

    到这里还没有出现过线程切换问题,因此onSubscribe日志打印就在当前方法执行的线程中,也会是第一个执行的方法,日志如下:

    19279/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: onSubscribe ;rxjava_test
    

    接下来会来看subscribe是如何执行的,以及执行在哪个线程中,
    onSubscribe完后
    会执行parent.setDisposable(scheduler.scheduleDirect(new SubscribeTask(parent)));

    先分析下SubscribeTask源码

      final class SubscribeTask implements Runnable {
            private final SubscribeOnObserver<T> parent;
    
            SubscribeTask(SubscribeOnObserver<T> parent) {
                this.parent = parent;
            }
    
            @Override
            public void run() {
                source.subscribe(parent);
            }
        }
    

    发现其是继承Runnable,Run方法中就会执行subscribe方法,其中,source就是封装传递过来的Observable,直到调用到ObservableCreate#subscribeActual执行 source.subscribe(parent);打印ObservableOnSubscribe#subscribe中回调方法日志;
    因此第二个打印日志是

    2019-12-02 17:59:40.986 19257-19284/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: subscribe ;RxCachedThreadScheduler-1
    

    接下来分析下其执行线程,

    observable.subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
    
    @NonNull
    public static Scheduler io() {
         return RxJavaPlugins.onIoScheduler(IO);
    }
        
    IO = RxJavaPlugins.initIoScheduler(new IOTask());
    
    static final class IOTask implements Callable<Scheduler> {
            @Override
            public Scheduler call() throws Exception {
                return IoHolder.DEFAULT;
            }
    }
    
    static final class IoHolder {
            static final Scheduler DEFAULT = new IoScheduler();
    }
    
    public IoScheduler() {
       this(WORKER_THREAD_FACTORY);
    }
    
    public IoScheduler(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
            this.threadFactory = threadFactory;
            this.pool = new AtomicReference<CachedWorkerPool>(NONE);
            start();
    }
    

    然后回来看线程执行:

        parent.setDisposable(scheduler.scheduleDirect(new SubscribeTask(parent)));
    

    scheduler是IoScheduler;

     @NonNull
        public Disposable scheduleDirect(@NonNull Runnable run) {
            return scheduleDirect(run, 0L, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
        }
        
       public Disposable scheduleDirect(@NonNull Runnable run, long delay, @NonNull TimeUnit unit) {
            final Worker w = createWorker();
    
            final Runnable decoratedRun = RxJavaPlugins.onSchedule(run);
    
            DisposeTask task = new DisposeTask(decoratedRun, w);
    
            w.schedule(task, delay, unit);
    
            return task;
        }
    

    接下来看Worker是如何创建的,代码如下

        public Worker createWorker() {
            return new EventLoopWorker(pool.get());
        }
        
        public Disposable schedule(@NonNull Runnable action, long delayTime, @NonNull TimeUnit unit) {
                if (tasks.isDisposed()) {
                    // don't schedule, we are unsubscribed
                    return EmptyDisposable.INSTANCE;
                }
    
                return threadWorker.scheduleActual(action, delayTime, unit, tasks);
            }
            
            
       public ScheduledRunnable scheduleActual(final Runnable run, long delayTime, @NonNull TimeUnit unit, @Nullable DisposableContainer parent) {
            ...  
            Future<?> f;
            try {
                if (delayTime <= 0) {
                    f = executor.submit((Callable<Object>)sr);
                } else {
                    f = executor.schedule((Callable<Object>)sr, delayTime, unit);
                }
                sr.setFuture(f);
            } 
            ...
            return sr;
        }     
    

    来看这个executor是从哪里来的:

    public Worker createWorker() {
        return new EventLoopWorker(pool.get());
    }
    
    EventLoopWorker(CachedWorkerPool pool) {
                this.pool = pool;
                this.tasks = new CompositeDisposable();
                this.threadWorker = pool.get();
    }
    
    
    ThreadWorker get() {
                if (allWorkers.isDisposed()) {
                    return SHUTDOWN_THREAD_WORKER;
                }
                while (!expiringWorkerQueue.isEmpty()) {
                    ThreadWorker threadWorker = expiringWorkerQueue.poll();
                    if (threadWorker != null) {
                        return threadWorker;
                    }
                }
    
                // No cached worker found, so create a new one.
                ThreadWorker w = new ThreadWorker(threadFactory);
                allWorkers.add(w);
                return w;
            }
            
    static final class ThreadWorker extends NewThreadWorker {
            private long expirationTime;
    
            ThreadWorker(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
                super(threadFactory);
                this.expirationTime = 0L;
            }
     }
    
    public NewThreadWorker(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
            executor = SchedulerPoolFactory.create(threadFactory);
     }
     
     public static ScheduledExecutorService create(ThreadFactory factory) {
            final ScheduledExecutorService exec = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1, factory);
            tryPutIntoPool(PURGE_ENABLED, exec);
            return exec;
     }
    

    到这就看出来,其实整个过程,就是往线程池中submit/schedule添加线程去执行,所以执行过程是在线程池指定线程中;如果指定多个

       Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<String>() {
                @Override
                public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<String> emitter) throws Exception {
                    LOG_TAG("subscribe");
                    emitter.onNext("test");
                }
            }).subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
                    .subscribeOn(Schedulers.single())
                    .subscribeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
    

    打印的日志subscribe也只是运行在第一次指定的线程中,因此subscribe方法调用递归往上执行,最下方subscribeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())会先执行,最后才执行subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()),因此执行到ObservableCreate#subscribeActual时候是运行在第一次执行的线程中;

    解析来看observeOn过程:
    先分析下AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()如何指定运行到主线程的:

     public static Scheduler mainThread() {
            return RxAndroidPlugins.onMainThreadScheduler(MAIN_THREAD);
        }
        
     private static final Scheduler MAIN_THREAD = RxAndroidPlugins.initMainThreadScheduler(
                new Callable<Scheduler>() {
                    @Override public Scheduler call() throws Exception {
                        return MainHolder.DEFAULT;
                    }
                });   
                
    private static final class MainHolder {
            static final Scheduler DEFAULT
                = new HandlerScheduler(new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()), false);
        }
    
    HandlerScheduler(Handler handler, boolean async) {
            this.handler = handler;
            this.async = async;
        }
    
        @Override
        @SuppressLint("NewApi") // Async will only be true when the API is available to call.
        public Disposable scheduleDirect(Runnable run, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
            ...
            ScheduledRunnable scheduled = new ScheduledRunnable(handler, run);
            Message message = Message.obtain(handler, scheduled);
            if (async) {
                message.setAsynchronous(true);
            }
            handler.sendMessageDelayed(message, unit.toMillis(delay));
            return scheduled;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Worker createWorker() {
            return new HandlerWorker(handler, async);
        }
    
    

    到这里其实以及知道,切换主线程是根据Android的Handler+Message方法去切换的;

    然后分析下observable.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())过程

    public final Observable<T> observeOn(Scheduler scheduler, boolean delayError, int bufferSize) {
            ObjectHelper.requireNonNull(scheduler, "scheduler is null");
            ObjectHelper.verifyPositive(bufferSize, "bufferSize");
            return RxJavaPlugins.onAssembly(new ObservableObserveOn<T>(this, scheduler, delayError, bufferSize));
        }
    

    ObservableObserveOn继续分析其subscribeActual方法

      @Override
        protected void subscribeActual(Observer<? super T> observer) {
            //指定当前线程,直接执行
            if (scheduler instanceof TrampolineScheduler) {
                source.subscribe(observer);
            } else {
                //创建Worker
                Scheduler.Worker w = scheduler.createWorker();
                //这里注意,subscribe并没有执行运行线程哦
                source.subscribe(new ObserveOnObserver<T>(observer, w, delayError, bufferSize));
            }
        }
    

    我们知道大概流程是一直调用到subscribe直到ObservableCreate#subscribeActual执行ObservableOnSubscribe#subscribe方法,调用emitter#onNext过程与subscribe相反;
    来看ObserveOnObserver代码:

    final Observer<? super T> downstream;
    final Scheduler.Worker worker;
    
    ObserveOnObserver(Observer<? super T> actual, Scheduler.Worker worker, boolean delayError, int bufferSize) {
                this.downstream = actual;
                this.worker = worker;
                this.delayError = delayError;
                this.bufferSize = bufferSize;
            }
    

    这里创建的work传递的是HandlerScheduler#HandlerWorker,然后执行看其回调的onNext方法:

     @Override
            public void onNext(T t) {
                if (done) {
                    return;
                }
    
                if (sourceMode != QueueDisposable.ASYNC) {
                    queue.offer(t);
                }
                schedule();
            }
             void schedule() {
                if (getAndIncrement() == 0) {
                    worker.schedule(this);
                }
            }
    

    至此,这里OnNext执行线程已经确定了;

     public Disposable schedule(Runnable run, long delay, TimeUnit unit) {
                ...
                ScheduledRunnable scheduled = new ScheduledRunnable(handler, run);
                Message message = Message.obtain(handler, scheduled);
                message.obj = this; 
                if (async) {
                    message.setAsynchronous(true);
                }
                handler.sendMessageDelayed(message, unit.toMillis(delay));
                ...
    
                return scheduled;
            }
    

    这样就完成了线程切换过程,其实纵观全局,发现ObservableSubscribeOn#subscribeActual指定的是从下往上subscribe过程运行在哪个线程,而ObservableObserveOn#subscribeActual是指定从上往下的onNext过程运行在哪个线程;

    总结:
    1.每执行一个过程,其实都是对Observable进行一次封装;
    2.subscribe是从下往上执行,其执行最终是执行subscribeActual方法,简称上游;
    3.onNext/onComplete/onError是回调过程,从上往下执行,简称下游;
    4.指定上游线程使用subscribeOn(xxx),指定下游使用observeOn(xxx)
    5.切断事件发送使用Disposable#dispose;
    6.onNext事件是串型发送,非并行发送,前一个耗时久,后面就得等;

    盗用网上一张图:


    image.png

    最后来一个练习:

    //主线程执行:
    private void rxjavaTest() {
      Observable.create(new ObservableOnSubscribe<String>() {
                @Override
                public void subscribe(ObservableEmitter<String> emitter) throws Exception {
                    LOG_TAG("subscribe");
                    emitter.onNext("test");
                }
            })
                    .subscribeOn(Schedulers.single())
                    .observeOn(Schedulers.io())
                    .map(new Function<String, String>() {
                        @Override
                        public String apply(String s) throws Exception {
                            LOG_TAG("map1");
                            return "test map1";
                        }
                    })
                    .lift(new ObservableOperator<String, String>() {
                        @Override
                        public Observer<? super String> apply(Observer<? super String> observer) throws Exception {
                            LOG_TAG("lift");
                            return observer;
                        }
                    })
                    .subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
                    .map(new Function<String, String>() {
                        @Override
                        public String apply(String s) throws Exception {
                            LOG_TAG("map2");
                            return "test map2";
                        }
                    })
                    .observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread())
                    .map(new Function<String, String>() {
                        @Override
                        public String apply(String s) throws Exception {
                            LOG_TAG("map3");
                            return "test map1";
                        }
                    })
                    .subscribe(
                    new Observer<String>() {
                        @Override
                        public void onSubscribe(Disposable d) {
                            LOG_TAG("onSubscribe");
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onNext(String s) {
                            LOG_TAG("onNext:" + s);
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onError(Throwable e) {
    
                        }
    
                        @Override
                        public void onComplete() {
    
                        }
                    });
        }               
    

    ObservableLift#subscribeActual

        public void subscribeActual(Observer<? super R> observer) {
            Observer<? super T> liftedObserver;
            try {
                liftedObserver = ObjectHelper.requireNonNull(operator.apply(observer), "Operator " + operator + " returned a null Observer");
            } 
             ...
             source.subscribe(liftedObserver);
        }
    

    lift中apply方法是在source.subscribe之前执行,因此属于上游时候执行;

    ObservableMap#subscribeActual

        public void subscribeActual(Observer<? super U> t) {
            source.subscribe(new MapObserver<T, U>(t, function));
        }
    

    MapObserver.java

    static final class MapObserver<T, U> extends BasicFuseableObserver<T, U> {
            final Function<? super T, ? extends U> mapper;
    
            MapObserver(Observer<? super U> actual, Function<? super T, ? extends U> mapper) {
                super(actual);
                this.mapper = mapper;
            }
            
            
              @Override
            public void onNext(T t) {
                ...
                try {
                    v = ObjectHelper.requireNonNull(mapper.apply(t), "The mapper function returned a null value.");
                } 
                ...
                downstream.onNext(v);
            }
    

    可以看出map的apply方法是在downstream.onNext方法之前执行,因此属于下游方法;

    打印日志:

    2019-12-03 20:36:30.013 7486-7486/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: onSubscribe ;main
    2019-12-03 20:36:30.014 7486-7510/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: lift ;RxCachedThreadScheduler-1
    2019-12-03 20:36:30.016 7486-7514/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: subscribe ;RxSingleScheduler-1
    2019-12-03 20:36:30.017 7486-7515/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: map1 ;RxCachedThreadScheduler-2
    2019-12-03 20:36:30.017 7486-7515/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: map2 ;RxCachedThreadScheduler-2
    2019-12-03 20:36:30.038 7486-7486/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: map3 ;main
    2019-12-03 20:36:30.038 7486-7486/com.mi.learn.rxjava D/Rxjava-Study: onNext:test map1 ;main
    

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