数组解构赋值
等号右边为数组或具备Iterator接口
llet [foo, [[bar], baz]] = [1, [[2], 3]];
foo // 1
bar // 2
baz // 3
let [ , , third] = ["foo", "bar", "baz"];
third // "baz"
let [x, , y] = [1, 2, 3];
x // 1
y // 3
let [head, ...tail] = [1, 2, 3, 4];
head // 1
tail // [2, 3, 4]
let [x, y, ...z] = ['a'];
x // "a"
y // undefined
z // []
let [x, y, z] = new Set(['a', 'b', 'c']);
x // "a"
函数
function* fibs() {
let a = 0;
let b = 1;
while (true) {
yield a;
[a, b] = [b, a + b];
}
}
let [first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth] = fibs();
sixth // 5
指定默认值
let [foo = true] = [];
foo // true
let [x, y = 'b'] = ['a']; // x='a', y='b'
let [x, y = 'b',z] = ['a', undefined,null]; // a,b,null
function f() {
console.log('aaa');
}
let [x = f()] = [1];//1
let [x = 1, y = x] = []; // x=1; y=1
let [x = 1, y = x] = [2]; // x=2; y=2
let [x = 1, y = x] = [1, 2]; // x=1; y=2
let [x = y, y = 1] = []; // ReferenceError: y is not defined
对象解构赋值
let { bar, foo } = { foo: "aaa", bar: "bbb" };
foo // "aaa"
bar // "bbb"
let { baz } = { foo: "aaa", bar: "bbb" };
baz // undefined
let { foo: baz } = { foo: 'aaa', bar: 'bbb' };
baz // "aaa"
字符串解构赋值
const [a, b, c, d, e] = 'hello';
a // "h"
b // "e"
c // "l"
d // "l"
e // "o"
类似数组的对象都有一个length属性,可以对这个属性解构赋值。
let {length : len} = 'hello';
len // 5
数值和布尔值解构赋值
let {toString: s} = 123;
s === Number.prototype.toString // true
let {toString: s} = true;
s === Boolean.prototype.toString // true
函数参数解构赋值
function add([x, y]){
return x + y;
}
add([1, 2]); // 3
[[1, 2], [3, 4]].map(([a, b]) => a + b);
// [ 3, 7 ]
function move({x = 0, y = 0} = {}) {
return [x, y];
}
move({x: 3, y: 8}); // [3, 8]
move({x: 3}); // [3, 0]
move({}); // [0, 0]
move(); // [0, 0]
function move({x = 0, y = 0} = {}) {
return [x, y];
}
move({x: 3, y: 8}); // [3, 8]
move({x: 3}); // [3, 0]
move({}); // [0, 0]
move(); // [0, 0]
function move({x, y} = { x: 0, y: 0 }) {
return [x, y];
}
move({x: 3, y: 8}); // [3, 8]
move({x: 3}); // [3, undefined]
move({}); // [undefined, undefined]
move(); // [0, 0]
括号问题
//赋值语句的非模式部分
[(b)] = [3]; // 正确
({ p: (d) } = {}); // 正确
[(parseInt.prop)] = [3]; // 正确
用途
(1)交换变量的值
(2)从函数返回多个值
(3)函数参数的定义
(4)提取 JSON 数据
(5)函数参数的默认值
(6)遍历 Map 结构
(7)输入模块的指定方法
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