Java层ServiceManager和Native层ServiceManager的关系。
转自 这里。感谢有牛人写出这样的文章来工参考学习。不过,别人的话我记不住,早晚有一天,我自己重新写一次:)
Java层Binder的初始化过程
Binder最终是要和它的驱动打交道,Java层要调Linux内核层的东西必然要通过native方法,而对于android的系统服务,native和java的对应,总会有一个注册过程,先看这个注册是在哪实现的
JNI Binder的注册
Zygote在启动时:
app_main.cpp
int main(int argc, char* const argv[])
{
......
AppRuntime runtime(argv[0], computeArgBlockSize(argc, argv));
......
if (zygote) {
runtime.start("com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit", args, zygote);
}
......
}
AppRuntime是AndroidRuntime的子类,它本身没有覆盖start方法,所以要去看AndroidRuntime类中的start方法
void AndroidRuntime::start(const char* className, const Vector<String8>& options, bool zygote)
{
......
/*
* Register android functions.
*/
if (startReg(env) < 0) {
ALOGE("Unable to register all android natives\n");
return;
}
......
}
/*
* Register android native functions with the VM.
*/
/*static*/ int AndroidRuntime::startReg(JNIEnv* env)
{
......
if (register_jni_procs(gRegJNI, NELEM(gRegJNI), env) < 0) {
env->PopLocalFrame(NULL);
return -1;
}
......
}
gRegJNI是个数组:
static const RegJNIRec gRegJNI[] = {
......
REG_JNI(register_android_os_Binder),
......
};
REG_JNI是一个宏定义
#ifdef NDEBUG
#define REG_JNI(name) { name }
struct RegJNIRec {
int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
};
#else
#define REG_JNI(name) { name, #name }
struct RegJNIRec {
int (*mProc)(JNIEnv*);
const char* mName;
};
#endif
gRegJNI是一个RegJNIRec的数组,所以gRegJNI的定义就变成了这样:
static const RegJNIRec gRegJNI[] = {
......
{ register_android_os_Binder },
......
};
register_jni_procs函数如下:
static int register_jni_procs(const RegJNIRec array[], size_t count, JNIEnv* env)
{
for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
if (array[i].mProc(env) < 0) {
#ifndef NDEBUG
ALOGD("----------!!! %s failed to load\n", array[i].mName);
#endif
return -1;
}
}
return 0;
}
就是循环调用gRegJNI数组中的函数,这时register_android_os_Binder(env)就被调用了。
register_android_os_Binder在AndroidRuntime.cpp中被声明为extern:
extern int register_android_os_Binder(JNIEnv* env);
实现它的地方是在android_util_Binder.cpp中:
int register_android_os_Binder(JNIEnv* env)
{
if (int_register_android_os_Binder(env) < 0)
return -1;
if (int_register_android_os_BinderInternal(env) < 0)
return -1;
if (int_register_android_os_BinderProxy(env) < 0)
return -1;
......
return 0;
}
从名字上看,它要关联3个Java的类,分别是Binder, BinderInternal和BinderProxy,一个一个看来:
const char* const kBinderPathName = "android/os/Binder";
static int int_register_android_os_Binder(JNIEnv* env)
{
jclass clazz = FindClassOrDie(env, kBinderPathName);
gBinderOffsets.mClass = MakeGlobalRefOrDie(env, clazz);
gBinderOffsets.mExecTransact = GetMethodIDOrDie(env, clazz, "execTransact", "(IJJI)Z");
gBinderOffsets.mObject = GetFieldIDOrDie(env, clazz, "mObject", "J");
return RegisterMethodsOrDie(
env, kBinderPathName,
gBinderMethods, NELEM(gBinderMethods));
}
关联了android.os.Binder类,并会用到该类的mExecTransact域和execTransact方法,将其保存到gBinderOffsets对象中,也就意味着native会将某值保存到mExecTransact中,也会回调execTransact方法。
const char* const kBinderInternalPathName = "com/android/internal/os/BinderInternal";
static int int_register_android_os_BinderInternal(JNIEnv* env)
{
jclass clazz = FindClassOrDie(env, kBinderInternalPathName);
gBinderInternalOffsets.mClass = MakeGlobalRefOrDie(env, clazz);
gBinderInternalOffsets.mForceGc = GetStaticMethodIDOrDie(env, clazz, "forceBinderGc", "()V");
return RegisterMethodsOrDie(
env, kBinderInternalPathName,
gBinderInternalMethods, NELEM(gBinderInternalMethods));
}
关联了java的com.android.internal.os.BinderInternal类,保存了其forceBinderGc方法。
const char* const kBinderProxyPathName = "android/os/BinderProxy";
static int int_register_android_os_BinderProxy(JNIEnv* env)
{
jclass clazz = FindClassOrDie(env, "java/lang/Error");
gErrorOffsets.mClass = MakeGlobalRefOrDie(env, clazz);
clazz = FindClassOrDie(env, kBinderProxyPathName);
gBinderProxyOffsets.mClass = MakeGlobalRefOrDie(env, clazz);
gBinderProxyOffsets.mConstructor = GetMethodIDOrDie(env, clazz, "<init>", "()V");
gBinderProxyOffsets.mSendDeathNotice = GetStaticMethodIDOrDie(env, clazz, "sendDeathNotice",
"(Landroid/os/IBinder$DeathRecipient;)V");
gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject = GetFieldIDOrDie(env, clazz, "mObject", "J");
gBinderProxyOffsets.mSelf = GetFieldIDOrDie(env, clazz, "mSelf",
"Ljava/lang/ref/WeakReference;");
gBinderProxyOffsets.mOrgue = GetFieldIDOrDie(env, clazz, "mOrgue", "J");
clazz = FindClassOrDie(env, "java/lang/Class");
gClassOffsets.mGetName = GetMethodIDOrDie(env, clazz, "getName", "()Ljava/lang/String;");
return RegisterMethodsOrDie(
env, kBinderProxyPathName,
gBinderProxyMethods, NELEM(gBinderProxyMethods));
}
这个方法比较长,保存的Java的东西也比较多,值得注意的是,它还保存了BinderProxy的构造函数,也就是说它可能会主动new一个BinderProxy实例出来。
看到目前为止,native的Binder要对应到Java的3个类中,分别是android.os.Binder,com.android.internal.os.BinderInternal和android.os.BinderProxy。为了方便阅读,将它们的对应关系以类图的形式总结下:
这里写图片描述将Java层的服务注册到ServiceManager中的过程
我们知道,native层的Binder有Bn和Bp之说,Bn应该是Binder Native的缩写,就是本地实现Binder的意思也可以说是C/S中的S,Bp是Binder Proxy的缩写,相当于C。
以PackageManagerService为例:
public static PackageManagerService main(Context
......
PackageManagerService m = new PackageManagerService(context, installer,
factoryTest, onlyCore);
......
ServiceManager.addService("package", m);
return m;
}
public static void addService(String name, IBinder service) {
try {
getIServiceManager().addService(name, service, false);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Log.e(TAG, "error in addService", e);
}
}
getIServiceManager返回的是一个IServiceManager类,且是个单例,最后调用的就是
private static IServiceManager getIServiceManager() {
if (sServiceManager != null) {
return sServiceManager;
}
// Find the service manager
sServiceManager = ServiceManagerNative.asInterface(BinderInternal.getContextObject());
return sServiceManager;
}
以上代码带来 三个问题,一个是BinderInternal.getContextObject(),一个是ServiceManagerNative.asInterface,另一个是addService的作用:
BinderInternal.getContextObject()的实质
ServiceManagerNative.asInterface中的参数是BinderInternal.getContextObject(),看它是native方法,对应的native代码就在刚刚看到的android_util_Binder.cpp文件中:
static jobject android_os_BinderInternal_getContextObject(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
// 是一个BpBinder
sp<IBinder> b = ProcessState::self()->getContextObject(NULL);
return javaObjectForIBinder(env, b);
}
jobject javaObjectForIBinder(JNIEnv* env, const sp<IBinder>& val)
{
if (val == NULL) return NULL;
if (val->checkSubclass(&gBinderOffsets)) {
// One of our own!
jobject object = static_cast<JavaBBinder*>(val.get())->object();
LOGDEATH("objectForBinder %p: it's our own %p!\n", val.get(), object);
return object;
}
// For the rest of the function we will hold this lock, to serialize
// looking/creation/destruction of Java proxies for native Binder proxies.
AutoMutex _l(mProxyLock);
// Someone else's... do we know about it?
// 1
jobject object = (jobject)val->findObject(&gBinderProxyOffsets);
if (object != NULL) {
jobject res = jniGetReferent(env, object);
if (res != NULL) {
ALOGV("objectForBinder %p: found existing %p!\n", val.get(), res);
return res;
}
LOGDEATH("Proxy object %p of IBinder %p no longer in working set!!!", object, val.get());
android_atomic_dec(&gNumProxyRefs);
val->detachObject(&gBinderProxyOffsets);
env->DeleteGlobalRef(object);
}
//2
object = env->NewObject(gBinderProxyOffsets.mClass, gBinderProxyOffsets.mConstructor);
if (object != NULL) {
LOGDEATH("objectForBinder %p: created new proxy %p !\n", val.get(), object);
// The proxy holds a reference to the native object.
//3
env->SetLongField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject, (jlong)val.get());
val->incStrong((void*)javaObjectForIBinder);
// The native object needs to hold a weak reference back to the
// proxy, so we can retrieve the same proxy if it is still active.
jobject refObject = env->NewGlobalRef(
env->GetObjectField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mSelf));
......
// Note that a new object reference has been created.
//4
android_atomic_inc(&gNumProxyRefs);
incRefsCreated(env);
}
return object;
}
- 首先判断下和Java层关联的Native层的BpBinder是否存在,如果存在,删除。
- 接着创建一个Java层的BinderProxy实例。
- 将Native层的BpBinder指针保存到java BinderProxy实例的mObject字段中,这样通过BinderProxy的mObject字段就可以操作Native层的BpBinder了。
- 原子增加gNumProxyRefs和gNumRefsCreated的数量,当gNumRefsCreated的值超过200,将会调用BinderInternal的forceBinderGc方法。
总结下:
- 创建了一个Native层的BpBinder;
- 将BpBinder的指针保存到BinderProxy的mObject,而BpBinder的通信对象就是Native的ServiceManager,这为Java和Native的ServiceManager的通信埋下了伏笔。
- 可以将BinderProxy说成Java层的Bp端。
ServiceManagerNative.asInterface的作用
static public IServiceManager asInterface(IBinder obj)
{
if (obj == null) {
return null;
}
//1
IServiceManager in =
(IServiceManager)obj.queryLocalInterface(descriptor);
if (in != null) {
return in;
}
//2
return new ServiceManagerProxy(obj);
}
- obj是Native实例化的BinderProxy对象,BinderProxy的代码在Binder.java中,和Binder位于同一个文件中。queryLocalInterface的返回值为null。
- 实例化一个ServiceManagerProxy对象,该实例中有一个IBinder类型的mRemote字段,该字段保存BinderProxy实例。
public ServiceManagerProxy(IBinder remote) {
mRemote = remote;
}
总结:
- ServiceManagerNative.asInterface返回的是ServiceManagerProxy的实例,该实例实现IServiceManager的接口。
- ServiceManagerProxy中通过mRemote字段保存了BinderProxy,也就是Java层的Bp端。
addService的作用
有上分析,当调用ServiceManager.addService时,实际上调用的是ServiceManagerProxy类中的addService,ServiceManagerProxy类位于ServiceManagerNative.java文件中。
public void addService(String name, IBinder service, boolean allowIsolated)
throws RemoteException {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager.descriptor);
data.writeString(name);
data.writeStrongBinder(service);
data.writeInt(allowIsolated ? 1 : 0);
//1
mRemote.transact(ADD_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
reply.recycle();
data.recycle();
}
- mRemote即为BinderProxy,它会调用transactNative,transactNative是个native方法,接着看这个方法。
static jboolean android_os_BinderProxy_transact(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj,
//1
IBinder* target = (IBinder*)
env->GetLongField(obj, gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject);
if (target == NULL) {
jniThrowException(env, "java/lang/IllegalStateException", "Binder has been finalized!");
return JNI_FALSE;
}
//2
status_t err = target->transact(code, *data, reply, flags);
......
return JNI_FALSE;
}
- 取出保存在BinderProxy中的BpBinder对象的指针
- 向Native层的ServiceManager发送请求
总结:
- Java层调用ServiceManger.addService后,最终是向Native层的ServiceManager请求增加服务的。
- Native层的ServiceManager是只有一个的,而java层的ServiceManager相对于Native的ServiceManager也只是个C端,这样,不管是通过Native add service还是通过java add service,整个Android都可以拿到这个service的Binder。
Java Service端的Bp在哪里
这时候还有个疑问,当调用ServiceManager.addService时传入的Service应该对应到Native的BnBinder啊,现在对应关系如何体现呢?这个关系要重看下addService了。
addService第二个参数的类型是IBinder,它是个接口,而它的实现类是Binder,java上层能调用addService添加服务时,所有的实例都是Binder,根据java的规则,只要实例化,其父类的相应的构造函数必被调用:
public Binder() {
init();
......
}
init()是native方法,其实现在android_util_Binder.cpp中:
static void android_os_Binder_init(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)
{
JavaBBinderHolder* jbh = new JavaBBinderHolder();
...
env->SetLongField(obj, gBinderOffsets.mObject, (jlong)jbh);
}
new一个native层的JavaBBinderHolder,并将其保存到Binder的mObject中。注意哦,虽然native层的gBinderOffsets.mObject是个static的,但java层的Binder的mObject可不是static的哦,就是说每个Binder实例都有一个Native的JavaBBinderHolder对象指针。
JavaBBinderHolder类的声明如下:
class JavaBBinderHolder : public RefBase
{
}
没有继承BBinder,还是没发现作为Bn端的踪影,需要再review下前面的流程,看下ServiceManagerProxy添加服务时发生了什么:
public void addService(String name, IBinder service, boolean allowIsolated)
throws RemoteException {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
......
data.writeStrongBinder(service);
......
}
writeStrongBinder值得怀疑
writeStrongBinder发生了什么
Parcel的这个函数如下:
public final void writeStrongBinder(IBinder val) {
nativeWriteStrongBinder(mNativePtr, val);
}
nativeWriteStrongBinder的实现在android_os_Parcel.cpp中:
static void android_os_Parcel_writeStrongBinder(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jlong nativePtr, jobject object)
{
Parcel* parcel = reinterpret_cast<Parcel*>(nativePtr);
if (parcel != NULL) {
const status_t err = parcel->writeStrongBinder(ibinderForJavaObject(env, object));
if (err != NO_ERROR) {
signalExceptionForError(env, clazz, err);
}
}
}
调用了一个ibinderForJavaObject函数,该函数位于android_util_Binder.cpp中
sp<IBinder> ibinderForJavaObject(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)
{
if (obj == NULL) return NULL;
if (env->IsInstanceOf(obj, gBinderOffsets.mClass)) {
JavaBBinderHolder* jbh = (JavaBBinderHolder*)
env->GetLongField(obj, gBinderOffsets.mObject);
return jbh != NULL ? jbh->get(env, obj) : NULL;
}
if (env->IsInstanceOf(obj, gBinderProxyOffsets.mClass)) {
return (IBinder*)
env->GetLongField(obj, gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject);
}
ALOGW("ibinderForJavaObject: %p is not a Binder object", obj);
return NULL;
}
传入的obj是Binder实例,所以刚刚创建的JavaBBinderHolder的get函数会被调用:
sp<JavaBBinder> get(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)
{
AutoMutex _l(mLock);
sp<JavaBBinder> b = mBinder.promote();
if (b == NULL) {
b = new JavaBBinder(env, obj);
mBinder = b;
ALOGV("Creating JavaBinder %p (refs %p) for Object %p, weakCount=%" PRId32 "\n",
b.get(), b->getWeakRefs(), obj, b->getWeakRefs()->getWeakCount());
}
return b;
}
返回的是JavaBBinder实例,
class JavaBBinder : public BBinder
{
}
JavaBBinder继承了BBinder,所以最终添加到Native ServiceManager中的是这个对象,总结下它们的类图:
这里写图片描述Java层的Binder对象拥有Native JavaBBinderHolder对象的指针,JavaBBinderHolder有JavaBBinder的,而JavaBBinder又有Java层Binder的对象。
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