1.为什么要安装Homebrew？
Homebrew是macOS上最好用的包管理工具之一，类似于CentOS的yum啊什么的。有了这个工具，就可以像linux一样使用Terminal下载东西，比如好用的wget啊什么的！
2.怎么样下载Homebrew？
1.使用下面的命令安装
git clone git://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/homebrew-core.git//usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core --depth=1
2.有时候使用命令安装会出错，可以尝试创建一个install.sh文件，然后使用./install.sh执行该文件来安装。
#!/bin/bash
set -u
# First check if the OS is Linux.
if [[ "$(uname)" = "Linux" ]]; then
HOMEBREW_ON_LINUX=1
fi
# On macOS, this script installs to /usr/local only.
# On Linux, it installs to /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew if you have sudo access
# and ~/.linuxbrew otherwise.
# To install elsewhere (which is unsupported)
# you can untar https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/tarball/master
# anywhere you like.
if [[ -z "${HOMEBREW_ON_LINUX-}" ]]; then
HOMEBREW_PREFIX="/usr/local"
HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY="/usr/local/Homebrew"
HOMEBREW_CACHE="${HOME}/Library/Caches/Homebrew"
STAT="stat -f"
CHOWN="/usr/sbin/chown"
CHGRP="/usr/bin/chgrp"
GROUP="admin"
else
HOMEBREW_PREFIX_DEFAULT="/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew"
HOMEBREW_CACHE="${HOME}/.cache/Homebrew"
STAT="stat --printf"
CHOWN="/bin/chown"
CHGRP="/bin/chgrp"
GROUP="$(id -gn)"
fi
BREW_REPO="https://github.com/Homebrew/brew"
# TODO: bump version when new macOS is released
MACOS_LATEST_SUPPORTED="10.15"
# TODO: bump version when new macOS is released
MACOS_OLDEST_SUPPORTED="10.13"
# no analytics during installation
export HOMEBREW_NO_ANALYTICS_THIS_RUN=1
export HOMEBREW_NO_ANALYTICS_MESSAGE_OUTPUT=1
# string formatters
if [[ -t 1 ]]; then
tty_escape() { printf "\033[%sm" "$1"; }
else
tty_escape() { :; }
fi
tty_mkbold() { tty_escape "1;$1"; }
tty_underline="$(tty_escape "4;39")"
tty_blue="$(tty_mkbold 34)"
tty_red="$(tty_mkbold 31)"
tty_bold="$(tty_mkbold 39)"
tty_reset="$(tty_escape 0)"
have_sudo_access() {
if [[ -z "${HAVE_SUDO_ACCESS-}" ]]; then
/usr/bin/sudo -l mkdir &>/dev/null
HAVE_SUDO_ACCESS="$?"
fi
if [[ -z "${HOMEBREW_ON_LINUX-}" ]] && [[ "$HAVE_SUDO_ACCESS" -ne 0 ]]; then
abort "Need sudo access on macOS!"
fi
return "$HAVE_SUDO_ACCESS"
}
shell_join() {
local arg
printf "%s" "$1"
shift
for arg in "$@"; do
printf " "
printf "%s" "${arg// /\ }"
done
}
chomp() {
printf "%s" "${1/"$'\n'"/}"
}
ohai() {
printf "${tty_blue}==>${tty_bold} %s${tty_reset}\n" "$(shell_join "$@")"
}
warn() {
printf "${tty_red}Warning${tty_reset}: %s\n" "$(chomp "$1")"
}
abort() {
printf "%s\n" "$1"
exit 1
}
execute() {
if ! "$@"; then
abort "$(printf "Failed during: %s" "$(shell_join "$@")")"
fi
}
execute_sudo() {
local -a args=("$@")
if [[ -n "${SUDO_ASKPASS-}" ]]; then
args=("-A" "${args[@]}")
fi
if have_sudo_access; then
ohai "/usr/bin/sudo" "${args[@]}"
execute "/usr/bin/sudo" "${args[@]}"
else
ohai "${args[@]}"
execute "${args[@]}"
fi
}
getc() {
local save_state
save_state=$(/bin/stty -g)
/bin/stty raw -echo
IFS= read -r -n 1 -d '' "$@"
/bin/stty "$save_state"
}
wait_for_user() {
local c
echo
echo "Press RETURN to continue or any other key to abort"
getc c
# we test for \r and \n because some stuff does \r instead
if ! [[ "$c" == $'\r' || "$c" == $'\n' ]]; then
exit 1
fi
}
major_minor() {
echo "${1%%.*}.$(x="${1#*.}"; echo "${x%%.*}")"
}
if [[ -z "${HOMEBREW_ON_LINUX-}" ]]; then
macos_version="$(major_minor "$(/usr/bin/sw_vers -productVersion)")"
fi
version_gt() {
[[ "${1%.*}" -gt "${2%.*}" ]] || [[ "${1%.*}" -eq "${2%.*}" && "${1#*.}" -gt "${2#*.}" ]]
}
version_ge() {
[[ "${1%.*}" -gt "${2%.*}" ]] || [[ "${1%.*}" -eq "${2%.*}" && "${1#*.}" -ge "${2#*.}" ]]
}
version_lt() {
[[ "${1%.*}" -lt "${2%.*}" ]] || [[ "${1%.*}" -eq "${2%.*}" && "${1#*.}" -lt "${2#*.}" ]]
}
should_install_git() {
if [[ $(command -v git) ]]; then
return 1
fi
}
should_install_command_line_tools() {
if [[ -n "${HOMEBREW_ON_LINUX-}" ]]; then
return 1
fi
if version_gt "$macos_version" "10.13"; then
! [[ -e "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/git" ]]
else
! [[ -e "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/git" ]] ||
! [[ -e "/usr/include/iconv.h" ]]
fi
}
get_permission() {
$STAT "%A" "$1"
}
user_only_chmod() {
[[ -d "$1" ]] && [[ "$(get_permission "$1")" != "755" ]]
}
exists_but_not_writable() {
[[ -e "$1" ]] && ! [[ -r "$1" && -w "$1" && -x "$1" ]]
}
get_owner() {
$STAT "%u" "$1"
}
file_not_owned() {
[[ "$(get_owner "$1")" != "$(id -u)" ]]
}
get_group() {
$STAT "%g" "$1"
}
file_not_grpowned() {
[[ " $(id -G "$USER") " != *" $(get_group "$1") "* ]]
}
# USER isn't always set so provide a fall back for the installer and subprocesses.
if [[ -z "${USER-}" ]]; then
USER="$(chomp "$(id -un)")"
export USER
fi
# Invalidate sudo timestamp before exiting (if it wasn't active before).
if ! /usr/bin/sudo -n -v 2>/dev/null; then
trap '/usr/bin/sudo -k' EXIT
fi
# Things can fail later if `pwd` doesn't exist.
# Also sudo prints a warning message for no good reason
cd "/usr" || exit 1
####################################################################### script
if should_install_git; then
abort "$(cat <<EOABORT
You must install Git before installing Homebrew. See:
${tty_underline}https://docs.brew.sh/Installation${tty_reset}
EOABORT
)"
fi
if [[ -n "${HOMEBREW_ON_LINUX-}" ]]; then
if [[ -n "${CI-}" ]] || [[ -w "$HOMEBREW_PREFIX_DEFAULT" ]] || [[ -w "/home/linuxbrew" ]] || [[ -w "/home" ]]; then
HOMEBREW_PREFIX="$HOMEBREW_PREFIX_DEFAULT"
else
trap exit SIGINT
sudo_output="$(/usr/bin/sudo -n -l mkdir 2>&1)"
sudo_exit_code="$?"
if [[ "$sudo_exit_code" -ne 0 ]] && [[ "$sudo_output" = "sudo: a password is required" ]]; then
ohai "Select the Homebrew installation directory"
echo "- ${tty_bold}Enter your password${tty_reset} to install to ${tty_underline}${HOMEBREW_PREFIX_DEFAULT}${tty_reset} (${tty_bold}recommended${tty_reset})"
echo "- ${tty_bold}Press Control-D${tty_reset} to install to ${tty_underline}$HOME/.linuxbrew${tty_reset}"
echo "- ${tty_bold}Press Control-C${tty_reset} to cancel installation"
fi
if have_sudo_access; then
HOMEBREW_PREFIX="$HOMEBREW_PREFIX_DEFAULT"
else
HOMEBREW_PREFIX="$HOME/.linuxbrew"
fi
trap - SIGINT
fi
HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY="${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/Homebrew"
fi
if [[ "$UID" == "0" ]]; then
abort "Don't run this as root!"
elif [[ -d "$HOMEBREW_PREFIX" && ! -x "$HOMEBREW_PREFIX" ]]; then
abort "$(cat <<EOABORT
The Homebrew prefix, ${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}, exists but is not searchable. If this is
not intentional, please restore the default permissions and try running the
installer again:
sudo chmod 775 ${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}
EOABORT
)"
fi
if [[ -z "${HOMEBREW_ON_LINUX-}" ]]; then
if version_lt "$macos_version" "10.7"; then
abort "$(cat <<EOABORT
Your Mac OS X version is too old. See:
${tty_underline}https://github.com/mistydemeo/tigerbrew${tty_reset}
EOABORT
)"
elif version_lt "$macos_version" "10.9"; then
abort "Your OS X version is too old"
elif ! [[ "$(dsmemberutil checkmembership -U "$USER" -G "$GROUP")" = *"user is a member"* ]]; then
abort "This script requires the user $USER to be an Administrator."
elif version_gt "$macos_version" "$MACOS_LATEST_SUPPORTED" || \
version_lt "$macos_version" "$MACOS_OLDEST_SUPPORTED"; then
who="We"
what=""
if version_gt "$macos_version" "$MACOS_LATEST_SUPPORTED"; then
what="pre-release version"
else
who+=" (and Apple)"
what="old version"
fi
ohai "You are using macOS ${macos_version}."
ohai "${who} do not provide support for this ${what}."
echo "$(cat <<EOS
This installation may not succeed.
After installation, you will encounter build failures with some formulae.
Please create pull requests instead of asking for help on Homebrew\'s GitHub,
Discourse, Twitter or IRC. You are responsible for resolving any issues you
experience while you are running this ${what}.
EOS
)
"
fi
fi
ohai "This script will install:"
echo "${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin/brew"
echo "${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/share/doc/homebrew"
echo "${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/share/man/man1/brew.1"
echo "${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/share/zsh/site-functions/_brew"
echo "${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/etc/bash_completion.d/brew"
echo "${HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY}"
# Keep relatively in sync with
# https://github.com/Homebrew/brew/blob/master/Library/Homebrew/keg.rb
directories=(bin etc include lib sbin share opt var
Frameworks
etc/bash_completion.d lib/pkgconfig
share/aclocal share/doc share/info share/locale share/man
share/man/man1 share/man/man2 share/man/man3 share/man/man4
share/man/man5 share/man/man6 share/man/man7 share/man/man8
var/log var/homebrew var/homebrew/linked
bin/brew)
group_chmods=()
for dir in "${directories[@]}"; do
if exists_but_not_writable "${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/${dir}"; then
group_chmods+=("${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/${dir}")
fi
done
# zsh refuses to read from these directories if group writable
directories=(share/zsh share/zsh/site-functions)
zsh_dirs=()
for dir in "${directories[@]}"; do
zsh_dirs+=("${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/${dir}")
done
directories=(bin etc include lib sbin share var opt
share/zsh share/zsh/site-functions
var/homebrew var/homebrew/linked
Cellar Caskroom Homebrew Frameworks)
mkdirs=()
for dir in "${directories[@]}"; do
if ! [[ -d "${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/${dir}" ]]; then
mkdirs+=("${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/${dir}")
fi
done
user_chmods=()
if [[ "${#zsh_dirs[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
for dir in "${zsh_dirs[@]}"; do
if user_only_chmod "${dir}"; then
user_chmods+=("${dir}")
fi
done
fi
chmods=()
if [[ "${#group_chmods[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
chmods+=("${group_chmods[@]}")
fi
if [[ "${#user_chmods[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
chmods+=("${user_chmods[@]}")
fi
chowns=()
chgrps=()
if [[ "${#chmods[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
for dir in "${chmods[@]}"; do
if file_not_owned "${dir}"; then
chowns+=("${dir}")
fi
if file_not_grpowned "${dir}"; then
chgrps+=("${dir}")
fi
done
fi
if [[ "${#group_chmods[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
ohai "The following existing directories will be made group writable:"
printf "%s\n" "${group_chmods[@]}"
fi
if [[ "${#user_chmods[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
ohai "The following existing directories will be made writable by user only:"
printf "%s\n" "${user_chmods[@]}"
fi
if [[ "${#chowns[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
ohai "The following existing directories will have their owner set to ${tty_underline}${USER}${tty_reset}:"
printf "%s\n" "${chowns[@]}"
fi
if [[ "${#chgrps[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
ohai "The following existing directories will have their group set to ${tty_underline}${GROUP}${tty_reset}:"
printf "%s\n" "${chgrps[@]}"
fi
if [[ "${#mkdirs[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
ohai "The following new directories will be created:"
printf "%s\n" "${mkdirs[@]}"
fi
if should_install_command_line_tools; then
ohai "The Xcode Command Line Tools will be installed."
fi
if [[ -t 0 && -z "${CI-}" ]]; then
wait_for_user
fi
if [[ -d "${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}" ]]; then
if [[ "${#chmods[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
execute_sudo "/bin/chmod" "u+rwx" "${chmods[@]}"
fi
if [[ "${#group_chmods[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
execute_sudo "/bin/chmod" "g+rwx" "${group_chmods[@]}"
fi
if [[ "${#user_chmods[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
execute_sudo "/bin/chmod" "755" "${user_chmods[@]}"
fi
if [[ "${#chowns[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
execute_sudo "$CHOWN" "$USER" "${chowns[@]}"
fi
if [[ "${#chgrps[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
execute_sudo "$CHGRP" "$GROUP" "${chgrps[@]}"
fi
else
execute_sudo "/bin/mkdir" "-p" "${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}"
if [[ -z "${HOMEBREW_ON_LINUX-}" ]]; then
execute_sudo "$CHOWN" "root:wheel" "${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}"
else
execute_sudo "$CHOWN" "$USER:$GROUP" "${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}"
fi
fi
if [[ "${#mkdirs[@]}" -gt 0 ]]; then
execute_sudo "/bin/mkdir" "-p" "${mkdirs[@]}"
execute_sudo "/bin/chmod" "g+rwx" "${mkdirs[@]}"
execute_sudo "$CHOWN" "$USER" "${mkdirs[@]}"
execute_sudo "$CHGRP" "$GROUP" "${mkdirs[@]}"
fi
if ! [[ -d "${HOMEBREW_CACHE}" ]]; then
if [[ -z "${HOMEBREW_ON_LINUX-}" ]]; then
execute_sudo "/bin/mkdir" "-p" "${HOMEBREW_CACHE}"
else
execute "/bin/mkdir" "-p" "${HOMEBREW_CACHE}"
fi
fi
if exists_but_not_writable "${HOMEBREW_CACHE}"; then
execute_sudo "/bin/chmod" "g+rwx" "${HOMEBREW_CACHE}"
fi
if file_not_owned "${HOMEBREW_CACHE}"; then
execute_sudo "$CHOWN" "$USER" "${HOMEBREW_CACHE}"
fi
if file_not_grpowned "${HOMEBREW_CACHE}"; then
execute_sudo "$CHGRP" "$GROUP" "${HOMEBREW_CACHE}"
fi
if [[ -d "${HOMEBREW_CACHE}" ]]; then
execute "/usr/bin/touch" "${HOMEBREW_CACHE}/.cleaned"
fi
if should_install_command_line_tools && version_ge "$macos_version" "10.13"; then
ohai "Searching online for the Command Line Tools"
# This temporary file prompts the 'softwareupdate' utility to list the Command Line Tools
clt_placeholder="/tmp/.com.apple.dt.CommandLineTools.installondemand.in-progress"
execute_sudo "/usr/bin/touch" "$clt_placeholder"
clt_label_command="/usr/sbin/softwareupdate -l |
grep -B 1 -E 'Command Line Tools' |
awk -F'*' '/^ *\\*/ {print \$2}' |
sed -e 's/^ *Label: //' -e 's/^ *//' |
sort -V |
tail -n1"
clt_label="$(chomp "$(/bin/bash -c "$clt_label_command")")"
if [[ -n "$clt_label" ]]; then
ohai "Installing $clt_label"
execute_sudo "/usr/sbin/softwareupdate" "-i" "$clt_label"
execute_sudo "/bin/rm" "-f" "$clt_placeholder"
execute_sudo "/usr/bin/xcode-select" "--switch" "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools"
fi
fi
# Headless install may have failed, so fallback to original 'xcode-select' method
if should_install_command_line_tools && test -t 0; then
ohai "Installing the Command Line Tools (expect a GUI popup):"
execute_sudo "/usr/bin/xcode-select" "--install"
echo "Press any key when the installation has completed."
getc
execute_sudo "/usr/bin/xcode-select" "--switch" "/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools"
fi
if [[ -z "${HOMEBREW_ON_LINUX-}" ]] && ! output="$(/usr/bin/xcrun clang 2>&1)" && [[ "$output" == *"license"* ]]; then
abort "$(cat <<EOABORT
You have not agreed to the Xcode license.
Before running the installer again please agree to the license by opening
Xcode.app or running:
sudo xcodebuild -license
EOABORT
)"
fi
ohai "Downloading and installing Homebrew..."
(
cd "${HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY}" >/dev/null || return
# we do it in four steps to avoid merge errors when reinstalling
execute "git" "init" "-q"
# "git remote add" will fail if the remote is defined in the global config
execute "git" "config" "remote.origin.url" "${BREW_REPO}"
execute "git" "config" "remote.origin.fetch" "+refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*"
# ensure we don't munge line endings on checkout
execute "git" "config" "core.autocrlf" "false"
execute "git" "fetch" "origin" "--force"
execute "git" "fetch" "origin" "--tags" "--force"
execute "git" "reset" "--hard" "origin/master"
execute "ln" "-sf" "${HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY}/bin/brew" "${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin/brew"
execute "${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin/brew" "update" "--force"
)
if [[ ":${PATH}:" != *":${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin:"* ]]; then
warn "${HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin is not in your PATH."
fi
ohai "Installation successful!"
echo
# Use the shell's audible bell.
if [[ -t 1 ]]; then
printf "\a"
fi
# Use an extra newline and bold to avoid this being missed.
ohai "Homebrew has enabled anonymous aggregate formulae and cask analytics."
echo "$(cat <<EOS
${tty_bold}Read the analytics documentation (and how to opt-out) here:
${tty_underline}https://docs.brew.sh/Analytics${tty_reset}
No analytics data has been sent yet (or will be during this \`install\` run).
EOS
)
"
ohai "Homebrew is run entirely by unpaid volunteers. Please consider donating:"
echo "$(cat <<EOS
${tty_underline}https://github.com/Homebrew/brew#donations${tty_reset}
EOS
)
"
(
cd "${HOMEBREW_REPOSITORY}" >/dev/null || return
execute "git" "config" "--replace-all" "homebrew.analyticsmessage" "true"
execute "git" "config" "--replace-all" "homebrew.caskanalyticsmessage" "true"
)
ohai "Next steps:"
echo "- Run \`brew help\` to get started"
echo "- Further documentation: "
echo " ${tty_underline}https://docs.brew.sh${tty_reset}"
if [[ -n "${HOMEBREW_ON_LINUX-}" ]]; then
case "$SHELL" in
*/bash*)
if [[ -r "$HOME/.bash_profile" ]]; then
shell_profile="$HOME/.bash_profile"
else
shell_profile="$HOME/.profile"
fi
;;
*/zsh*)
shell_profile="$HOME/.zprofile"
;;
*)
shell_profile="$HOME/.profile"
;;
esac
cat <<EOS
- Install the Homebrew dependencies if you have sudo access:
${tty_bold}Debian, Ubuntu, etc.${tty_reset}
sudo apt-get install build-essential
${tty_bold}Fedora, Red Hat, CentOS, etc.${tty_reset}
sudo yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'
由于使用的是github直接克隆的方式下载的方式，推荐使用科学上网，不然下载会很慢！！！
除了使用科学上网，你也可以尝试使用下面的方法进行安装！（因为我是使用的科学上网，所以不使用科学上网的方式我没试过，推荐大家上网找教程换镜像源下载，或者使用科学上网的方式，这里推荐一个iKuuu这个工具，免费好用），换镜像源可以参考这个链接：Mac必备神器Homebrew
3.下载之后如何使用Homebrew呢？
brew install wget //下载wget
brew install nginx //下载nginx
brew install mysql //下载mysql
brew install redis //下载redis
常见的命令如下：
brew install xxx //下载xxx
brew uninstall yyy //卸载yyy
brew list //显示已经下载的软件
brew update //更新brew
brew home //打开home官网
brew info xxx //显示xxx软件的信息
brew deps yyy //显示yyy软件的依赖信息
brew search /wget*/ //搜索软件，参数是正则表达式
4.使用Homebrew有没有图形化界面？
网上使用的最多的软件是launchrocket，但是launchrocket并没有支持到最新的macOS，因此不能使用，因此这里使用另外一个软件去替代。名叫cakebrew，使用如下命令进行安装
brew cask cakebrew
安装完成之后，直接在启动台就能看到这个app，可以在里面进行使用！
image.png
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