概况
- 如何获得docker命令的帮助
- docker 的常用命令
Docker命令使用帮助
Docker 管理命令
| 命令 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| dockerd | Launch the Docker daemon |
| info | Display system-wide information |
| inspect | Return low-level information on a container or image |
| version | Show the Docker version information |
Docker Image 命令
| 命令 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| build | Build an image from a Dockerfile |
| commit | Create a new image from a container’s changes |
| history | Show the history of an image |
| images | List images |
| import | Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image |
| load | Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN |
| rmi | Remove one or more images |
| save | Save images to a tar archive |
| tag | Tag an image into a repository |
Docker Container 命令
| 命令 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| attach | Attach to a running container |
| cp | Copy files/folders from a container to a HOSTDIR or to STDOUT |
| create | Create a new container |
| diff | Inspect changes on a container’s filesystem |
| events | Get real time events from the server |
| exec | Run a command in a running container |
| export | Export a container’s filesystem as a tar archive |
| kill | Kill a running container |
| logs | Fetch the logs of a container |
| pause | Pause all processes within a container |
| port | List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container |
| ps | List containers |
| rename | Rename a container |
| restart | Restart a running container |
| rm | Remove one or more containers |
| run | Run a command in a new container |
| start | Start one or more stopped containers |
| stats | Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics |
| stop | Stop a running container |
| top | Display the running processes of a container |
| unpause | Unpause all processes within a container |
| update | Update configuration of one or more containers |
| wait | Block until a container stops, then print its exit code |
Docker Registry 命令
| 命令 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| login | Register or log in to a Docker registry |
| logout | Log out from a Docker registry |
| pull | Pull an image or a repository from a Docker registry |
| push | Push an image or a repository to a Docker registry |
| search | Search the Docker Hub for images |
网络和连通性命令
Docker 的network 一般为：null，host，bridge。Docker启动容器的时候，默认使用 bridge 网络
| 命令 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| network connect | Connect a container to a network |
| network create | Create a new network |
| network disconnect | Disconnect a container from a network |
| network inspect | Display information about a network |
| network ls | Lists all the networks the Engine daemon knows about |
| network rm | Removes one or more networks |
共享数据卷命令
共享数据卷命令，主要作用是能够让不同的容器可以共享数据。默认情况下，Docker为每个容器生成一个随机名字的目录来存放容器的数据，这样就不能实现容器之间的共享。使用 volume 命令，可以指定容器的数据目录，这样就可以做到多个容器之间数据共享
| 命令 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| volume create | Creates a new volume where containers can consume and store data |
| volume inspect | Display information about a volume |
| volume ls | Lists all the volumes Docker knows about |
| volume rm | Remove one or more volumes |
常用命令
[root@localhost ~]# docker help
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND [arg...]
docker [ --help | -v | --version ]
A self-sufficient runtime for containers.
Options:
--config=~/.docker Location of client config files
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host=[] Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-h, --help Print usage
-l, --log-level=info Set the logging level
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert=~/.docker/ca.pem Trust certs signed only by this CA
--tlscert=~/.docker/cert.pem Path to TLS certificate file
--tlskey=~/.docker/key.pem Path to TLS key file
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Commands:
attach Attach to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on a container, image or task
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry.
logout Log out from a Docker registry.
logs Fetch the logs of a container
network Manage Docker networks
node Manage Docker Swarm nodes
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart a container
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
service Manage Docker services
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
swarm Manage Docker Swarm
tag Tag an image into a repository
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
volume Manage Docker volumes
wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit code
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
[root@localhost ~]# docker version
Client:
Version: 1.12.2
API version: 1.24
Go version: go1.6.3
Git commit: bb80604
Built:
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Server:
Version: 1.12.2
API version: 1.24
Go version: go1.6.3
Git commit: bb80604
Built:
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
[root@localhost ~]# docker info
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 2
Server Version: 1.12.2
Storage Driver: devicemapper
Pool Name: docker-253:0-67182400-pool
Pool Blocksize: 65.54 kB
Base Device Size: 10.74 GB
Backing Filesystem: xfs
Data file: /dev/loop0
Metadata file: /dev/loop1
Data Space Used: 472.6 MB
Data Space Total: 107.4 GB
Data Space Available: 17.06 GB
Metadata Space Used: 1.184 MB
Metadata Space Total: 2.147 GB
Metadata Space Available: 2.146 GB
Thin Pool Minimum Free Space: 10.74 GB
Udev Sync Supported: true
Deferred Removal Enabled: false
Deferred Deletion Enabled: false
Deferred Deleted Device Count: 0
Data loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/data
WARNING: Usage of loopback devices is strongly discouraged for production use. Use `--storage-opt dm.thinpooldev` to specify a custom block storage device.
Metadata loop file: /var/lib/docker/devicemapper/devicemapper/metadata
Library Version: 1.02.107-RHEL7 (2016-06-09)
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: null bridge overlay host
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Security Options: seccomp
Kernel Version: 3.10.0-327.36.2.el7.x86_64
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 1.522 GiB
Name: localhost.localdomain
ID: VFSO:QWR6:ICKT:QGXY:UQXT:5VKN:L6E3:7JBE:OBVO:SQFK:PU2V:IBMS
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
实际示例流程：
- 从默认的仓库拉取mysql镜像
- 从国内第三方时速云拉取wordpress镜像
- 查看本地有哪些镜像
- 运行mysql镜像生成名字叫做mysql2的容器，映射主机端口是13306，root密码是123456
- 查看本地创建了哪些容器
- 交互方式进入mysql2容器的shell环境，创建一个数据库testdb
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull index.tenxcloud.com/huangqg/wordpress
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
mysql latest eda6a4884645 2 days ago 383.4 MB
hello-world latest c54a2cc56cbb 3 months ago 1.848 kB
index.tenxcloud.com/huangqg/wordpress latest 88bc02275ad7 12 months ago 485.5 MB
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 13306:3306 --name mysql2 -v /opt/mydata/:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:latest
01ff7db79a2bba578f4cef7024cd1e02bfec1084478e7835a79aeed317278b03
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
01ff7db79a2b mysql:latest "docker-entrypoint.sh" 29 seconds ago Up 27 seconds 0.0.0.0:13306->3306/tcp mysql2
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it mysql2 /bin/bash
root@01ff7db79a2b:/# mysql --version
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.16, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
root@01ff7db79a2b:/# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.16 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database testdb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| testdb |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
主机（Win10中文版）访问虚拟机MySQL的 Docker 容器 mysql2
看到了 testdb 的存在
D:\>mysql -h 192.168.1.161 -P 13306 -uroot -p
Enter password: ******
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.16 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database testdb;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
| testdb |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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