Django 搭建博客项目（12）-项目部署

作者: 零星瓢虫 | 来源:发表于2020-09-02 09:57 被阅读0次

Django 搭建博客项目（12）-项目部署
Django博客搭建集合
Django 项目 Linux 远程部署记录
Django之旅：1
nginx+uwsgi 部署 django 代码(centos
2019-02-28
Django快速入门--学会django的基本部署与运行（1）
Django快速入门--10分钟学会Django的基本部署与运行
如何将本地的Django项目部署到云服务器
搭建个人博客 - hexo

前面的文章把博客的基本功能开发已经完成，具体的细节还需要调整的地方可以根据需求进行调整。本篇作为本系列最后一篇文章，主要讲一下如何把项目部署到外网，以便于大家都能访问到。

这里部署基于 pythonanywhere 网站：
https://www.pythonanywhere.com/
这里需要事先在网站注册一个账号。pythonanywhere 支持部署一个免费的项目，如果部署多个则需要付费使用。

效果图_1.png

注册完成后，定位到 web 分类下。接下里则要开始部署工作：

通过 Add a new web app -> Manual configuration(自定义配置) -> python3.7（根据自己开发环境的配置）创建一个空的新项目。

效果图_2.png

根据生成的域名，需要去配置相关内容。

拿到这里的域名 huhaiqiang005.pythonanywhere.com 到对应项目中 setting.py 中配置 ALLOWED_HOSTS:

DEBUG = False

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['huhaiqiang005.pythonanywhere.com']

配置完成后，将项目打包成 zip 文件并通过 pythonanywhere Files 下进行上传工作：

效果图_3.png

项目上传完成后，通过 Open Bash Console here 打开控制台将对上传的项目进行解压等操作。

04:34 ~ $ pwd
/home/huhaiqiang005
04:36 ~ $ ls
2_blog.zip  README.txt
04:37 ~ $ unzip 2_blog.zip
Archive:  2_blog.zip
   creating: 2_blog/
   creating: 2_blog/.idea/
  inflating: 2_blog/.idea/blog.iml   
   creating: 2_blog/.idea/inspectionProfiles/
   creating: 2_blog/.idea/libraries/
  inflating: 2_blog/.idea/libraries/R_User_Library.xml  
  inflating: 2_blog/.idea/misc.xml   
  inflating: 2_blog/.idea/modules.xml  
  inflating: 2_blog/.idea/workspace.xml  
   creating: 2_blog/blog/
  inflating: 2_blog/blog/settings.py  
  inflating: 2_blog/blog/settings.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/blog/urls.py     
  inflating: 2_blog/blog/urls.pyc    
  inflating: 2_blog/blog/wsgi.py     
  inflating: 2_blog/blog/wsgi.pyc    
 extracting: 2_blog/blog/__init__.py  
  inflating: 2_blog/blog/__init__.pyc  
   creating: 2_blog/blog/__pycache__/
  inflating: 2_blog/blog/__pycache__/settings.cpython-37.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/blog/__pycache__/urls.cpython-37.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/blog/__pycache__/wsgi.cpython-37.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/blog/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-37.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/db.sqlite3       
  inflating: 2_blog/manage.py        
   creating: 2_blog/post/
  inflating: 2_blog/post/admin.py    
  inflating: 2_blog/post/admin.pyc   
  inflating: 2_blog/post/apps.py     
   creating: 2_blog/post/migrations/
  inflating: 2_blog/post/migrations/0001_initial.py  
 extracting: 2_blog/post/migrations/__init__.py  
   creating: 2_blog/post/migrations/__pycache__/
  inflating: 2_blog/post/migrations/__pycache__/0001_initial.cpython-37.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/migrations/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-37.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/models.py   
  inflating: 2_blog/post/models.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/mycontextprocessor.py  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/search_indexes.py  
   creating: 2_blog/post/templates/
  inflating: 2_blog/post/templates/article.html  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/templates/index.html  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/templates/post_detail.html  
   creating: 2_blog/post/templatetags/
  inflating: 2_blog/post/templatetags/myfilter.py  
 extracting: 2_blog/post/templatetags/__init__.py  
   creating: 2_blog/post/templatetags/__pycache__/
  inflating: 2_blog/post/templatetags/__pycache__/myfilter.cpython-37.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/templatetags/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-37.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/tests.py    
  inflating: 2_blog/post/tokenizer.py  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/urls.py     
  inflating: 2_blog/post/urls.pyc    
  inflating: 2_blog/post/views.py 
inflating: 2_blog/post/views.pyc   
  inflating: 2_blog/post/whoosh_cn_backend.py  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/__init__.py  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/__init__.pyc  
   creating: 2_blog/post/__pycache__/
  inflating: 2_blog/post/__pycache__/admin.cpython-37.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/__pycache__/models.cpython-37.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/__pycache__/mycontextprocessor.cpython-37.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/__pycache__/search_indexes.cpython-37.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/__pycache__/tokenizer.cpython-37.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/__pycache__/urls.cpython-37.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/__pycache__/views.cpython-37.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/__pycache__/whoosh_cn_backend.cpython-37.pyc  
  inflating: 2_blog/post/__pycache__/__init__.cpython-37.pyc  
   creating: 2_blog/static/
   creating: 2_blog/static/css/
  inflating: 2_blog/static/css/style.css  
   creating: 2_blog/templates/
  inflating: 2_blog/templates/base.html  
  inflating: 2_blog/templates/footer.html  
  inflating: 2_blog/templates/header.html  
  inflating: 2_blog/templates/right.html  
   creating: 2_blog/templates/search/
   creating: 2_blog/templates/search/indexes/
   creating: 2_blog/templates/search/indexes/post/
  inflating: 2_blog/templates/search/indexes/post/post_text.txt  
  inflating: 2_blog/templates/search/search.html  
   creating: 2_blog/whoosh_index/
  inflating: 2_blog/whoosh_index/MAIN_3scwr53g0w24zzop.seg  
 extracting: 2_blog/whoosh_index/MAIN_WRITELOCK  
  inflating: 2_blog/whoosh_index/_MAIN_1.toc  
04:37 ~ $ ls
2_blog  2_blog.zip  README.txt
04:37 ~ $ rm -r 2_blog.zip
04:37 ~ $ ls
2_blog  README.txt
05:38 ~ $ cd 2_blog
05:39 ~/2_blog $ pwd
/home/huhaiqiang005/2_blog
05:39 ~/2_blog $

获取到项目路径后进行 web 配置：

效果图_4.png

配置完成项目地址后，再对 WSGI 配置文件进行修改。

注释 Hello World 案列，同时打开 django 的配置信息：

# HELLO_WORLD = """<html>
# <head>
#     <title>PythonAnywhere hosted web application</title>
# </head>
# <body>
# <h1>Hello, World!</h1>
# <p>
#     This is the default welcome page for a
#     <a href="https://www.pythonanywhere.com/">PythonAnywhere</a>
#     hosted web application.
# </p>
# <p>
#     Find out more about how to configure your own web application
#     by visiting the <a href="https://www.pythonanywhere.com/web_app_setup/">web app setup</a> page
# </p>
# </body>
# </html>"""


# def application(environ, start_response):
#     if environ.get('PATH_INFO') == '/':
#         status = '200 OK'
#         content = HELLO_WORLD
#     else:
#         status = '404 NOT FOUND'
#         content = 'Page not found.'
#     response_headers = [('Content-Type', 'text/html'), ('Content-Length', str(len(content)))]
#     start_response(status, response_headers)
#     yield content.encode('utf8')

......

# +++++++++++ DJANGO +++++++++++
# To use your own django app use code like this:
import os
import sys
#
## assuming your django settings file is at '/home/huhaiqiang005/mysite/mysite/settings.py'
## and your manage.py is is at '/home/huhaiqiang005/mysite/manage.py'
path = '/home/huhaiqiang005/2_blog'
if path not in sys.path:
    sys.path.append(path)
#
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'blog.settings'
#
## then:
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
application = get_wsgi_application()

配置完成项目相关路径以及文件的配置，接下还需要配置一个虚拟环境，项目实际是在虚拟环境上运行。

欢迎关注公众号【python面面观】，在聊天对话框回复「博客」获取源码地址以及其他 python 相关知识。

虚拟环境

进入到控制台：
virtualenv blogenv --python=python3.7 创建虚拟环境

05:39 ~/2_blog $ cd ~
05:48 ~ $ virtualenv blogenv --python=python3.7
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python3.7
Already using interpreter /usr/bin/python3.7
Using base prefix '/usr'
New python executable in /home/huhaiqiang005/blogenv/bin/python3.7
Also creating executable in /home/huhaiqiang005/blogenv/bin/python
Installing se

source activate 激活虚拟环境

05:50 ~ $ ls
2_blog  README.txt  blogenv
05:50 ~ $ cd blogenv
05:51 ~/blogenv $ ls
bin  include  lib
05:51 ~/blogenv $ cd bin
05:51 ~/blogenv/bin $ source activate
(blogenv) 05:51 ~/blogenv/bin $ cd ~
(blogenv) 05:51 ~ $ cd blogenv
(blogenv) 05:52 ~/blogenv $ pwd
/home/huhaiqiang005/blogenv
(blogenv) 05:52 ~/blogenv $

激活虚拟环境后，需要把对应的虚拟环境地址在 pythonanywhere 进行配置：

效果图_5.png

配置完成虚拟完成，同时需要安装项目中使用到的相关工具。

(blogenv) 05:57 ~/blogenv $ pip list
Package    Version
---------- -------
pip        20.2.2
setuptools 49.6.0
wheel      0.35.1
(blogenv) 05:58 ~/blogenv $ cd lib/
(blogenv) 05:58 ~/blogenv/lib $ ls
python3.7
(blogenv) 05:58 ~/blogenv/lib $ cd python3.7
(blogenv) 05:58 ~/blogenv/lib/python3.7 $ ls
LICENSE.txt          _weakrefset.py  config-3.7m-x86_64-linux-gnu  fnmatch.py      imp.py        locale.py                    posixpath.py    site-packages     struct.py    warnings.py
__future__.py        abc.py          copy.py                       functools.py    importlib     no-global-site-packages.txt  random.py       site.py           tarfile.py   weakref.py
__pycache__          base64.py       copyreg.py                    genericpath.py  io.py         ntpath.py                    re.py           sre_compile.py    tempfile.py
_bootlocale.py       bisect.py       distutils                     hashlib.py      keyword.py    operator.py                  reprlib.py      sre_constants.py  token.py
_collections_abc.py  codecs.py       encodings                     heapq.py        lib-dynload   orig-prefix.txt              rlcompleter.py  sre_parse.py      tokenize.py
_dummy_thread.py     collections     enum.py                       hmac.py         linecache.py  os.py                        shutil.py       stat.py           types.py
(blogenv) 05:58 ~/blogenv/lib/python3.7 $ cd site-packages
(blogenv) 05:59 ~/blogenv/lib/python3.7/site-packages $ ls
__pycache__  _distutils_hack  distutils-precedence.pth  easy_install.py  pip  pip-20.2.2.dist-info  pkg_resources  setuptools  setuptools-49.6.0.dist-info  wheel  wheel-0.35.1.dist-info
(blogenv) 05:59 ~/blogenv/lib/python3.7/site-packages $ cd ~
(blogenv) 05:59 ~ $ pip install Django==2.1
Looking in links: /usr/share/pip-wheels
Collecting Django==2.1
  Downloading Django-2.1-py3-none-any.whl (7.3 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 7.3 MB 11.3 MB/s 
Collecting pytz
  Downloading pytz-2020.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (510 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 510 kB 743 kB/s 
Installing collected packages: pytz, Django
Successfully installed Django-2.1 pytz-2020.1
(blogenv) 06:03 ~ $ pip install django-ckeditor
Looking in links: /usr/share/pip-wheels
Collecting django-ckeditor
  Downloading django_ckeditor-5.9.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (2.4 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 2.4 MB 11.3 MB/s 
Processing /usr/share/pip-wheels/django_js_asset-1.2.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: django-js-asset, django-ckeditor
Successfully installed django-ckeditor-5.9.0 django-js-asset-1.2.2
(blogenv) 06:04 ~ $ pip install django-haystack
Looking in links: /usr/share/pip-wheels
Collecting django-haystack
Downloading django-haystack-2.8.1.tar.gz (1.6 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 1.6 MB 8.2 MB/s 
Requirement already satisfied: Django>=1.11 in ./blogenv/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from django-haystack) (2.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pytz in ./blogenv/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from Django>=1.11->django-haystack) (2020.1)
Building wheels for collected packages: django-haystack
  Building wheel for django-haystack (setup.py) ... done
  Created wheel for django-haystack: filename=django_haystack-2.8.1-py3-none-any.whl size=131001 sha256=8c2d5bee18af117a913744dd0d10c6c215b4361727ba629c8f3efd7ea8067726
  Stored in directory: /home/huhaiqiang005/.cache/pip/wheels/3e/44/38/11034123a4528eb6e7fc6684e0ba4165a572761101da7c5386
Successfully built django-haystack
Installing collected packages: django-haystack
Successfully installed django-haystack-2.8.1
(blogenv) 06:06 ~ $ pip install whoosh
Looking in links: /usr/share/pip-wheels
Processing /usr/share/pip-wheels/Whoosh-2.7.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: whoosh
Successfully installed whoosh-2.7.4
(blogenv) 06:07 ~ $ pip install jieba
Looking in links: /usr/share/pip-wheels
Collecting jieba
  Downloading jieba-0.42.1.tar.gz (19.2 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 19.2 MB 49 kB/s 
Building wheels for collected packages: jieba
  Building wheel for jieba (setup.py) ... done
  Created wheel for jieba: filename=jieba-0.42.1-py3-none-any.whl size=19314478 sha256=66a679a297f3ed991b0ac9e46ff7f2a86d17535f51b81810831ffcc87d7e425f
  Stored in directory: /home/huhaiqiang005/.cache/pip/wheels/24/aa/17/5bc7c72e9a37990a9620cc3aad0acad1564dcff6dbc2359de3
Successfully built jieba
Installing collected packages: jieba
Successfully installed jieba-0.42.1
(blogenv) 06:07 ~ $ pip install markdown
Looking in links: /usr/share/pip-wheels
Collecting markdown
  Downloading Markdown-3.2.2-py3-none-any.whl (88 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 88 kB 1.8 MB/s 
Collecting importlib-metadata; python_version < "3.8"
  Downloading importlib_metadata-1.7.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (31 kB)
Collecting zipp>=0.5
  Downloading zipp-3.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (4.9 kB)
Installing collected packages: zipp, importlib-metadata, markdown
Successfully installed importlib-metadata-1.7.0 markdown-3.2.2 zipp-3.1.0
(blogenv) 06:07 ~ $ pip install Pillow
Looking in links: /usr/share/pip-wheels
Collecting Pillow
  Downloading Pillow-7.2.0-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (2.2 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 2.2 MB 801 kB/s 
Installing collected packages: Pillow
Successfully installed Pillow-7.2.0
(blogenv) 06:10 ~ $ pip install mysql-connector
Looking in links: /usr/share/pip-wheels
Collecting mysql-connector
  Downloading mysql-connector-2.2.9.tar.gz (11.9 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 11.9 MB 8.7 MB/s 
Building wheels for collected packages: mysql-connector
  Building wheel for mysql-connector (setup.py) ... done
  Created wheel for mysql-connector: filename=mysql_connector-2.2.9-cp37-cp37m-linux_x86_64.whl size=247950 sha256=8a4ee196aa1e0775cb3266761af418a8f25a9f7241aa137354933b95d61b945d
  Stored in directory: /home/huhaiqiang005/.cache/pip/wheels/42/2f/c3/692fc7fc1f0d8c06b9175d94f0fc30f4f92348f5df5af1b8b7
Successfully built mysql-connector
Installing collected packages: mysql-connector
Successfully installed mysql-connector-2.2.9

配置完成虚拟环境以及相关工具的安装，继续配置相关静态文件。

效果图_6.png

上述静态文件配置分别对应 blog项目资源、上传文件资源、后台站点资源、ckeditor 资源对应的配置。

以上分别配置完成代码、环境、资源文件，接下来还有数据库进行配置：
切换到 Database 的配置页面：

效果图_7.png

设置完成 mysql 密码之后即可生成对应远程 mysql 的相关信息。

效果图_8.png

对应需要在控制台操作 settings.py 文件的配置，并进行保存：

(blogenv) 08:19 ~/2_blog/blog $ ls
__init__.py  __init__.pyc  __pycache__  settings.py  settings.pyc  urls.py  urls.pyc  wsgi.py  wsgi.pyc
(blogenv) 08:19 ~/2_blog/blog $ vi settings.py

效果图_9.png

配置完成后，在远程重新去生成数据库的迁移文件。

(blogenv) 08:52 ~/2_blog $ python manage.py makemigrations
No changes detected

(blogenv) 08:55 ~/2_blog $ python manage.py migrate                                                                                                                                                              
System check identified some issues:
WARNINGS:
?: (mysql.W002) MySQL Strict Mode is not set for database connection 'default'
        HINT: MySQL's Strict Mode fixes many data integrity problems in MySQL, such as data truncation upon insertion, by escalating warnings into errors. It is strongly recommended you activate it. See: https
://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/databases/#mysql-sql-mode
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, post, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK
  Applying admin.0002_logentry_remove_auto_add... OK
  Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
  Applying contenttypes.0002_remove_content_type_name... OK
  Applying auth.0002_alter_permission_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0003_alter_user_email_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0004_alter_user_username_opts... OK
  Applying auth.0005_alter_user_last_login_null... OK
  Applying auth.0006_require_contenttypes_0002... OK
  Applying auth.0007_alter_validators_add_error_messages... OK
  Applying auth.0008_alter_user_username_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
  Applying post.0001_initial... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

数据库相关配置完成之后，去运行项目进行远程方位看一看实际效果：

效果图_10.png

点击上图按钮运行项目，然后访问 huhaiqiang005.pythonanywhere.com 查看展示效果：

效果图_11.png

可以正常访问页面，但是现在没有数据，接下来继续创建后台管理员，增加一些数据上去；

(blogenv) 08:57 ~/2_blog $ python manage.py createsuperuser
......

通过后台添加完成数据后，再次运行项目，查看博客页面展示效果：

效果图_12.png

到这里，整个项目的部署工作就已经完成了，这里对项目的部署流程做一个总结：

修改 settings.py
拷贝项目到桌面并且添加 zip 压缩包
将 blog.zip 文件上传至 pythonanywhere.com[files] 目录中
打开 bash 窗口解压 blog.zip 文件
创建虚拟环境 blogenv
激活虚拟环境
在虚拟环境安装各种模块
在 pythonanywhere.com[web] 目录中配置路径
配置数据库信息
10.运行项目

本系列的博客项目到这里也已经全部更新完成，如有相关疑问可回顾以往文章或者对应查看源码进行查看分析。

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