Ansible课程大纲
1.什么是ansible？
可以通过一个命令行完成一系列的操作
2.ansible优点，特点
3.ansible 基础架构? 控制端 被控端 inventory ad-hoc playbook 连接协
议
image.png
4..ansible 配置文件 优先级?
ANSIBLE_CONFIG
ansible.cfg #当前项目目录中
.ansible.cfg #当前执行用户的家目录
/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
5..ansible inventory主机清单?
1.基于IP地址+密码的方式
[webservers]
172.16.1.7 ansible_ssh_user='root' ansible_ssh_pass='1'
172.16.1.8 ansible_ssh_user='root' ansible_ssh_pass='1'
2.基于密钥连接，需要先创建公钥和私钥，并下发公钥至被
控端
[root@manager ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
root@172.16.1.7
[root@manager ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
root@172.16.1.8
方式一、主机+端口+密钥
[root@manager ~]# cat hosts
[webservers]
172.16.1.7
172.16.1.8
3.主机组使用方式
定义webserver组
[webservers]
172.16.1.7
172.16.1.8
定义servers组包括两个子组
[servers:children]
[lbservers,webserver]
lbservers
webserver
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers --listhosts -i hosts
hosts (2):
172.16.1.7
172.16.1.8
Ansible Ad-Hoc
1.ansible ad-Hoc? 单条命令
image.png
command 执行命令 默认 不支持管道
shell 执行命令 支持管道
yum_reposity yum仓库配置
yum yum 安装软件
get_url 和linux的wget一致
copy 拷贝配置文件
service|systemd 启动服务
user
group
file 创建目录 创建文件 递归授权
mount 挂载
cron 定时任务
firewalld 防火墙
selinux selinuix
1.command
ansible webservers -a "ps axu|grep nginx" -i hosts
#不支持管道(简单命令)
2.shell
ansible webservers -m shell -a "ps axu|grep nginx" - i hosts #支持管道
3.yum
state:
present 安装
absent 卸载
latest 最新
enablerepo 指定使用按个仓库
disablerepo 排除使用哪个仓库
安装最新的httpd服务
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=httpd state=latest disablerepo=webtaticphp" -i hosts
移除httpd服务
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=httpd state=absent disablerepo=webtaticphp" -i hosts
安装httpd指定从按个仓库安装
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=httpd state=latest enablerepo=testing" -i hosts
通过URL方式进行安装
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/3.0/ rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent-3.0.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm state=present disablerepo=webtatic-php" -i hosts
通过软件包安装（软件包必须在被空端主机）
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=/root/zabbix-agent-4.0.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm state=present disablerepo=webtatic-php" -i hosts
4.copy
src 本地路径,可以是相对,可以是绝对
dest 目标位置
owner 属主
group 属组
mode 权限
backup 备份
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m copy -a "src=./dddddddd dest=/root/sss owner=root group=root mode=644" -i hosts
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m copy -a "src=./dddddddd dest=/root/sss owner=root group=root mode=644 backup=yes" -i hosts
5.systemd
state:
started 启动
stopped 停止
restarted 重启
reloaded 重载
enabled 是否开机自启
yes 是
no 否
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m systemd -a "name=nginx state=restarted enabled=yes" -i hosts
6.file
创建 /code/ansible
path 路径
state
touch 创建文件
directory 创建目录
owner 属主
group 属组
mode 权限
准备站点目录
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m file -a "path=/code/zhl state=directory mode=755 owner=www group=www" -i hosts
准备站点代码
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m copy -a "src=./index.html dest=/code/zhl/ owner=www owner=www mode=644" -i hosts
7.user group
group
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m group -a "name=zhl gid=1011 state=present" -i hosts
user
name 名称
uid uid
group 组名或gid
create_home 是否创建家目录
system 是否作为系统组
shell 指定登录shell
state
present
absent
remove
groups
append
password
程序使用 www 666 666 /sbin/nologin /home
-->无
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m user -a "name=www uid=666 group=666 create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin state=present" -i hosts
正常用户
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m user -a "name=zhl" -i hosts
删除用户以及他的家目录
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m user -a "name=zhl state=absent remove=yes" -i hosts
创建 other用户.有两个附加组root bin,创建家目录,指定登录
shell,设定密码123
#生成一个密码
ansible all -i localhost, -m debug -a "msg={{ '123' | password_hash('sha512', 'mysecretsalt') }}"
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m user -a 'name=other groups="root,bin" create_home=yes shell=/bin/bash password="$6$mysecretsalt$gIIYs0Xgc7sSQkH.zKaz8/AfaMomYzR1QZYtccwmJcUt8VpLq4D055UCCX4MlwgePOP80ZRwhppvBF72RIAVi/"' -i hosts
8.mount
准备好nfs服务端
[root@manager project1]# showmount -e 172.16.1.31
Export list for 172.16.1.31:
/data/edu 172.16.1.0/24
/date/zrlog 172.16.1.0/24
/data 172.16.1.0/24
#用管理端操作被控端,让被控端挂载nfs存储数据
present 写入/etc/fstab
absent 卸载/etc/fstab
mounted 临时挂载
unmounted 卸载当前挂载
挂载过程中,如果目录不存在,则会创建该目录
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data/zrlog path=/test_zrlog fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted" -i hosts
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data/zrlog path=/test_zrlog fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=unmounted" -i hosts
9.cron
minute 分
hour 时
day 日
month 月
week 周
job
创建定时任务
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m cron -a 'name=test_job minute=00 hour=02 job="/bin/bash /server/scripts/client.sh &>/dev/null"' -i hosts
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m cron -a 'name=test job="/bin/bash /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null"' -i hosts
删除定时任务
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m cron -a 'name=test_job minute=00 hour=02 job="/bin/bash /server/scripts/client.sh &>/dev/null" state=absent ' -i hosts
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m cron -a 'name=test job="/bin/bash /server/scripts/test.sh &>/dev/null" state=absent' -i hosts
10.firewalld
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m systemd -a "name=firewalld state=started" -i hosts
#针对服务
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m firewalld -a "service=http state=enabled" -i hosts
#针对端口
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m firewalld -a "port=9999/tcp state=enabled" -i hosts
#针对source来源
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m firewalld -a "source=10.0.0.0/24 permanent=no state=enabled" -i hosts
#针对rule
11.selinux
关闭selinux
[root@manager project1]# ansible webservers -m selinux -a "state=disabled" -i hosts
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