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history查看历史命令 -
ssh登录
ssh jmzeng@192.168.0.100
用户名@ip地址 -
su切换用户
su pc -
top：实时动态地查看系统的整体运行情况
top - 21:36:15 up 907 days, 17:22, 1 user, load average: 0.26, 0.61, 0.57
Tasks: 28 total, 1 running, 27 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
%Cpu(s): 4.0 us, 1.6 sy, 0.1 ni, 93.7 id, 0.5 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.1 si, 0.0 st
KiB Mem : 16425212 total, 5350052 free, 3207492 used, 7867668 buff/cache
KiB Swap: 969964 total, 747960 free, 222004 used. 12304796 avail Mem
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
1 root 20 0 22144 3216 2952 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.04 init.sh
24 shiyanl+ 20 0 257344 55556 30108 S 0.0 0.3 0:00.47 Xvnc
32 shiyanl+ 20 0 13672 2372 2172 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 sh
33 shiyanl+ 20 0 13684 2968 2748 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 sh
39 shiyanl+ 25 5 97180 1496 1288 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.12 guac-clipboard
51 root 20 0 51844 18352 6752 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.17 supervisord
53 shiyanl+ 20 0 261784 18908 17052 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.12 xfce4-session
56 shiyanl+ 20 0 43732 2368 1932 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 dbus-launch
57 shiyanl+ 20 0 43020 3208 2628 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.03 dbus-daemon
59 shiyanl+ 20 0 47636 4500 4012 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.02 xfconfd
64 shiyanl+ 20 0 11144 308 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 ssh-agent
66 shiyanl+ 20 0 184452 18424 16416 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.11 xfwm4
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w： 查看用户
shiyanlou:~/ $ w [21:35:12]
21:35:14 up 907 days, 17:21, 1 user, load average: 0.49, 0.71, 0.60
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
shiyanlo pts/0 172.16.2.44 21:34 2.00s 0.72s 0.00s w
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&： 任务在后台运行
shiyanlou:~/ $ sleep 100 & [21:42:08]
[1] 283 # 进程号
- 查看命令所在的位置
shiyanlou:~/ $ where ls [21:38:45]
ls: aliased to ls --color=tty
/bin/ls
- 查看系统自带的命令
shiyanlou:~/ $ ls /bin/ [21:39:28]
bash false mount rbash touch
bunzip2 fgrep mountpoint readlink true
bzcat findmnt mv rm udevadm
bzcmp fuser nano rmdir ulockmgr_server
bzdiff fusermount nc rnano umount
bzegrep getfacl nc.traditional run-parts uname
bzexe grep netcat rzsh uncompress
bzfgrep gunzip netstat sed vdir
bzgrep gzexe networkctl setfacl vmmouse_detect
bzip2 gzip nisdomainname sh wdctl
bzip2recover hostname ntfs-3g sh.distrib which
bzless ip ntfs-3g.probe sleep whiptail
bzmore journalctl ntfs-3g.secaudit ss ypdomainname
cat kill ntfs-3g.usermap stty zcat
chacl less ntfscat su zcmp
chgrp lessecho ntfscluster sync zdiff
chmod lessfile ntfscmp systemctl zegrep
chown lesskey ntfsfallocate systemd zfgrep
cp lesspipe ntfsfix systemd-ask-password zforce
dash ln ntfsinfo systemd-escape zgrep
date login ntfsls systemd-hwdb zless
dd loginctl ntfsmove systemd-inhibit zmore
df lowntfs-3g ntfstruncate systemd-machine-id-setup znew
dir ls ntfswipe systemd-notify zsh
dmesg lsblk pidof systemd-tmpfiles zsh5
dnsdomainname mkdir ping systemd-tty-ask-password-agent
domainname mknod ping6 tailf
echo mktemp ps tar
egrep more pwd tempfile
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ps -ef： 标准格式显示进程 -
grep <str>查找命令
shiyanlou:~/ $ ps -ef | grep sleep [21:43:30]
shiyanl+ 283 133 0 21:43 pts/0 00:00:00 sleep 100
shiyanl+ 293 133 0 21:43 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto --exclude-
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echo： 内容打印到屏幕
shiyanlou:~/ $ echo $PATH [21:46:47]
/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64/jre:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:/home/shiyanlou/golang/bin:/usr/share/maven/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin/nodejs/bin:/usr/sbin/yarn/bin
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{1..5}： 1，2，3，4，5。{ }在此处起到扩展的作用
shiyanlou:~/ $ echo 1..5 [21:57:01]
1..5
# { } 在此处起到扩展的作用
shiyanlou:~/ $ echo {1..5} [21:55:23]
1 2 3 4 5
一次创建多个文件（夹）
shiyanlou:~/ $ mkdir file{1..3}.txt
shiyanlou:~/ $ ll [21:59:47]
drwxrwxr-x 2 shiyanlou shiyanlou 4.0K 5月 19 21:59 file1.txt
drwxrwxr-x 2 shiyanlou shiyanlou 4.0K 5月 19 21:59 file2.txt
drwxrwxr-x 2 shiyanlou shiyanlou 4.0K 5月 19 21:59 file3.txt
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man查看命令的说明
shiyanlou:~/ $ man ls
NAME
ls - list directory contents
SYNOPSIS
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
DESCRIPTION
List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabeti‐
cally if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
-a, --all
do not ignore entries starting with .
-A, --almost-all
do not list implied . and ..
--author
with -l, print the author of each file
-b, --escape
print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters
--block-size=SIZE
...
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mkdir -p创建路劲
shiyanlou:~/ $ mkdir -p 1/2/3 [22:04:43]
shiyanlou:~/ $ ls 1/2/ [22:05:40]
3
shiyanlou:~/ $ ls 1/2/3/
shiyanlou:~/ $ cd 1/2/3 [22:06:20]
shiyanlou:3/ $ pwd [22:06:47]
/home/shiyanlou/1/2/3
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cd -： 回到上一个目录
shiyanlou:~/ $ pwd [22:08:05]
/home/shiyanlou
shiyanlou:~/ $ cd 1/2/3 [22:08:10]
shiyanlou:3/ $ pwd [22:08:13]
/home/shiyanlou/1/2/3
shiyanlou:3/ $ cd - [22:08:16]
~
shiyanlou:~/ $ pwd [22:08:19]
/home/shiyanlou
shiyanlou:~/ $ cd - [22:08:22]
~/1/2/3
shiyanlou:3/ $ cd - [22:09:01]
~
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cd ~： 回到home目录
shiyanlou:Code/ $ cd ~ [22:10:02]
shiyanlou:~/ $ pwd [22:10:12]
/home/shiyanlou
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/： 根目录
shiyanlou:~/ $ ls / [22:11:16]
anaconda3 boot dev home lib64 mnt proc run srv tmp var
bin data etc lib media opt root sbin sys usr
shiyanlou:~/ $ ls /home/ [22:10:13]
labex project shiyanlou
shiyanlou:~/ $ ls home [22:11:05]
ls: 无法访问'home': 没有那个文件或目录
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2>err.log： 将错误信息输入到指定文件
shiyanlou:~/ $ abcd [22:15:15]
zsh: command not found: abcd
shiyanlou:~/ $ abcd 2>err.log [22:16:26]
shiyanlou:~/ $ cat err.log [22:16:43]
zsh: command not found: abcd
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