Spring RestTemplate URL特殊字符导致参数

1、当使用 GET 请求时，如果URL中的参数有特殊字符，比如 '#' ，就会导致查询错误。

public static void main(String[] args) {
 
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
 
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
 
        headers.set("Accept", MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE);
 
        String url = "http://localhost:8180/workbench/questionBank/paper?search=#&query=123";
 
        HttpEntity<?> entity = new HttpEntity<>(headers);
 
        HttpEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(url,HttpMethod.GET,entity,String.class); 
 
        System.out.println(response.getBody());
 
    } 

2、本来请求中是有参数 search 和 query ，就因为 search 中使用了特殊字符 # ， 然而在服务端获取参数时得到的参数只有 search = ；

165634_l0iR_1989321.png

3、问题出现的原因，查看 RestTemplate 的源码如下

@Override
 public <T> T execute(String url, HttpMethod method, RequestCallback requestCallback,
   ResponseExtractor<T> responseExtractor, Object... urlVariables) throws RestClientException {
 
   // 这里进行网络转码，因为我们传递的URL是字符串，最后都要统一转为URL，而且对于字符都应该进行网络编码，
 
   // 问题就出现在这里，我们如果自己手动把参数进行网络编码，那么问题就不会出现
 
  URI expanded = getUriTemplateHandler().expand(url, urlVariables);  
 
  return doExecute(expanded, method, requestCallback, responseExtractor);
 
 }

4、解决方案

• 第一种

public static void main(String[] args) {
 
        RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
 
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
 
        headers.set("Accept", MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE);
 
        String url = "http://localhost:8180/workbench/questionBank/paper?search=#&query=123";
 
        UriComponentsBuilder builder = UriComponentsBuilder.fromHttpUrl(url);
 
        URI uri = builder.build().encode().toUri();
 
        HttpEntity<?> entity = new HttpEntity<>(headers);
 
        HttpEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange( uri,  HttpMethod.GET,  entity,  String.class); 
 
        System.out.println(response.getBody());
 
    }

• 第二种

   HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

   headers.set("Accept", MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE);

   UriComponentsBuilder builder = UriComponentsBuilder.fromHttpUrl(url)

       .queryParam("msisdn", msisdn)

       .queryParam("email", email)

       .queryParam("clientVersion", clientVersion)

       .queryParam("clientType", clientType)

       .queryParam("issuerName", issuerName)

       .queryParam("applicationName", applicationName);

   HttpEntity<?> entity = new HttpEntity<>(headers);

   HttpEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(

       builder.build().encode().toUri(),

       HttpMethod.GET,

       entity,

       String.class);