读写锁是一种特殊的自旋锁;
读写锁对于自旋锁而言,能`提高并发性`,在多核系统中,允许`多个读者`来访问共享资源;
写者是排他性的,一个读写锁同时`只能有一个写者`或`多个读者`,但不能同时既有写者又有写者;
解释:
- 如果读写锁当前`没有读者,也没有写者`,那么`写者`可以`立即获得`读写锁,
否则它必须`自旋`在那里,直到`没有任何的写者或读者`;
即在`读加锁`状态时,所有以`读模式`对它加锁的线程都`可以获得访问权`;
当有写模式试图加锁时,读写锁通常会`阻塞随后的读模式锁请求`,防止读模式锁长期被占用,而写模式锁长期被阻塞;
- 如果读写锁`没有写者`,那么`读者`可以`立即获得`读写锁,
否则读者必须`自旋`在那里,知道`写者释放读写锁`;
即以`写模式`进行加锁,必须等`所有线程释放锁`;
实现读写锁的两种方式:
一: GCD
@interface Test () {
dispatch_queue_t current_queue;
NSMutableDictionary *dic;
}
@end
@implementation Test
- (id)init {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
dic = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];
// 创建并行队列
current_queue = dispatch_queue_create("testQueue", DISPATCH_QUEUE_CONCURRENT);
}
return self;
}
- (void)setSafeObject:(id)object forKey:(NSString *)key {
key = [key copy];
// 异步栅栏barrier写数据&阻塞队列 读写互斥 写写互斥
dispatch_barrier_async(current_queue, ^{
if (key && object) {
[dic setObject:object forKey:key];
}
});
}
- (id)getSafeObjectForKey:(NSString *)key {
__block id result = nil;
// 同步读取指定数据 (同步并行 读读并发)
dispatch_sync(current_queue, ^{
result = [dic valueForKey:key];
});
return result;
}
@end
二:pthread_rwlock_t
#import <pthread.h>
@interface Test() {
pthread_rwlock_t lock;//读写锁
NSMutableDictionary *dic;
}
@end
@impletation
- (id)init {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
[self initTestRwLock];
}
return self;
}
- (void)initTestRwLock {
pthread_rwlock_init(&lock,NULL); //1- 初始化读写锁
dic = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
}
- (id)objectForKey:(NSString *)key {
pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&lock); //加读锁
NSLog(@"读写锁:读操作-加锁: %@",key);
id obj = [dic objectForKey:key];
sleep(2);
pthread_rwlock_unlock(&lock); //解锁
NSLog(@"读写锁:读操作-解锁: %@",key);
return obj;
}
- (void)setObject:(id)obj forKey:(NSString *)key {
pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&lock); //加写锁,写锁是互斥的
NSLog(@"读写锁:写操作-加锁: %@",key);
[dic setObject:obj forKey:key];
sleep(2);
pthread_rwlock_unlock(&lock); //解锁
NSLog(@"读写锁:写操作-解锁: %@",key);
}
@end
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