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2015年高考英语江苏卷 - 阅读理解B

2015年高考英语江苏卷 - 阅读理解B

作者: 让文字更美 | 来源:发表于2022-06-02 11:14 被阅读0次

In the United States alone, over 100 million cell­phones are thrown away each year. Cell­phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
仅在美国,每年就有一亿多部手机被丢弃。手机和电脑、PDA一样,是日益增长的电子垃圾的一部分,整体而言,电子垃圾流的增长速度是传统垃圾的三倍。

Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration of gold and other precious metals was higher in so­called e­waste than in naturally occurring minerals.
电子设备含有贵重金属,如金和银。瑞士的一项研究报告称,虽然以贵金属为代表的电子产品的重量与总废物相比相对较小,但所谓的电子垃圾中的黄金和其他贵金属含量高于天然矿物。

Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.
电子垃圾还含有许多有毒金属。即使机器被回收利用,有害金属被清除,但回收过程往往在穷国进行,几乎不受控制处理方式会让许多有毒物质逃逸到环境中。

Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell­phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.
用原材料制造产品要比成品产生高达100倍的垃圾。再考虑一下手机,想象生产这些金属的矿山,制造包装盒所需的工厂。生产过程中产生的许多垃圾也是有害的。

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution, and use of products - as well as management of the resulting waste - all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start - for instance,buying reusable products and recycling.
美国环境保护署指出,大多数垃圾都是危险的,因为“产品的生产、分销和使用以及由此产生的垃圾管理都会导致温室气体的释放。”个人可以从源头开始减少垃圾产生——例如,购买可重复使用的产品,回收利用。

In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?
在许多国家,扩大生产者责任的概念正在被考虑或已作为一种减少垃圾的激励措施落实到位。如果生产者被要求收回用于销售产品的包装,他们会首先减少包装吗?

Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap that encased your television?
政府要求生产者对其生产的包装负责的动机通常是基于金钱。他们问道,为什么城市或小镇应该负责支付处理包裹你电视的气泡垫费用?

From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax­payers back to the producers.
从政府观点来看,要求扩大生产者责任的法律的主要目标是将垃圾管理的成本和实际责任从政府和纳税人转移回生产者。

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