数仓--Hive-面试之Hive常用命令及作用

这个问题猛的抛出来，挺容易懵的！

• 1-创建表

-- 内部表
create table aa(col1 string,col2 int) partitioned by(statdate int) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t'；
-- 外部表
create external table bb(col1 string, col2 int) partitioned by(statdate int) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\t' location '/user/gaofei.lu/';

• 2-查看创建表语句

show create table tablename;

• 3-导入表数据

本地数据：load data local inpath ' /home/gaofei.lu/aa.txt' into table aa partition(statdate=20170403)
hdfs上数据：load data inpath '/user/gaofei.lu/aa.txt' into table bb partition(statdate=20170403)

• 4-修改表属性

alter table aa set tblproperties ('EXTERNAL'='TRUE')
alter table bb set tblproperties ('EXTERNAL'='FALSE')

• 5-修改列

修改列名和列数据类型：alter table aa change col2 name string ;
修改位置放置第一位：alter table aa change col2 name string first;
修改位置指定某一列后面：alter table aa change col1 dept string after name;

• 6-添加列(慎用)

alter table aa add columns(col3 string);

• 7-表重命名

alter table aa rename to aa_test;

• 8-添加分区

alter table aa add partition(statdate=20170404);
alter table bb add partition(statdate=20170404) location '/user/gaofei.lu/20170404.txt';

• 9-查看表分区

show partitioins aa;

• 10-修改分区

alter table aa partition(statdate=20170404) rename to partition(statdate=20170405);
alter table bb partition(statdate=20170404) set location '/user/gaofei.lu/aa.txt';

• 11-删除分区

alter table aa drop if exists partition(statdate=20170404);

• 12- beeline连接

beeline  !connect jdbc:hive2://192.168.1.17:10000

• 13- 设置hive on spark

set hive.execution.engine=spark

• 14-终止任务

yarn application -kill job_id

• 15-指定分隔符导出文件

insert overwrite local directory '/home/hadoop/gaofeilu/test_delimited.txt'
row format delimited
fields terminated by '\t'
select * from test;