L5-U2-P2-1 Listening : Light and Color

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People have wondered about the nature of light and color since ancient times.

Some people thought that light came from the eye rather than coming into the eye.

To see, light was projected from our eyes to illuminate things as we look at them.

Now we know that what we see is mostly reflected light, like the light from the moon which is reflected sunlight.

Light comes from a light source, such as the Sun, and either enters our eyes directly or after it has reflected off something.

Light comes from a light source and either enters our eyes directly or indirectly, after reflecting off something.

(1) People have wondered about the nature of light and color since ancient times.
(2) Some people thought that light came from the eye rather than coming into the eye.
(3) To see, light was projected from our eyes to illuminate things as we look at them.
(4) Now we know that what we see is mostly reflected light, like the light from the moon which is reflected sunlight.

Light enters our eyes directly or after it has reflected off something.

Besides the Sun, what's another example of a direct light source? - a fire or flashlight

In 1666, Sir Isaac Newton showed that when light passes through a prism, it separates into all the other colors.

This clearly demonstrated that light is composed of many different colors.

The difference between colors is due to their wavelength.

A prism separates light into different colors because each color has a different wavelength.

The angle at which a color bends in a prism depends on its wavelength.

What determines the color of light? -Its wavelength

The angle at which a color bends in a prism ...depends on its wavelength.

Colors with shorter wavelengths bend more than colors with longer wavelengths.

This explains why red light bends less than yellow light.

The reason is because its wavelength is longer.

Of the visible colors, violet light has the shortest wavelength, so it bends the most.

Of the visible colors, which color has the shortest wavelength? -violet

The angle at which a color bends in a prism depends on its wavelength.

This clearly demonstrated that light is composed of many different colors.

Besides the Sun, any object that produces its own light is a direct light source.

Of the visible colors, which color has the shortest wavelength? -violet

A prism separates light into its component colors.

Each color is a single wavelength of light.

A prism separates light into different colors because each color has a different wavelength.

If you have ever painted, you know that different colors can be combined to create new colors.

For example, if you add white to a color, you lighten it.

However, the three primary colors, red, blue and yellow cannot be made by mixing other colors.

It isn't possible to mix any combination of colors to create red, blue or yellow.

Mixing two primary colors creates a secondary color such as purple, which is made by mixing blue and red.

Mixing three primary colors creates a tertiary color such as brown or gray.

How can you create a secondary color?  -Mixing two primay colors.

If you have ever painted, you know that different colors can be combined to create new colors.

This explains why red light bends less than yellow light.

The primary colors cannot be created by mixing other colors.

Of the visible colors, violet light has the shortest wavelength, so it bends the most.

Mixing two primary colors creates a secondary color such as purple, which is made by mixing blue and red.

Which colors cannot be created by combining other colors? - the primary colors

What happens to a color if add white to it? - It gets lighter.

The difference between colors is due to their wavelength.

Purple is made by mixing blue and red.

Colors with shorter wavelengths bend more than colors with longer wavelengths.

It isn't possible to mix any combination of colors to create red, blue or yellow.

L5-U2-P2-2 Listening : Color’s Effect

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Color’s Effect

Color are wonderful to look at, but they also affect people in ways besides sight.

They have a powerful effect on how people feel and behave.

Artists know this and so do business people who want to influence how people feel about their products and advertisements.

For example, research has shown that people can be more productive if they are working in a blue room.

The color purple is often linked to wealth and royalty and is seen as a mysterious, spiritual color.

Some colors have even been associated with changes in blood pressure.

Though color can influence how we feel and act, these effects may depend on personal and cultural factors.

Therefore, it's important not to believe everything you hear about the effects of color.

If two things are associated with each other, they ...are connected in some way.

Though color can influence how we feel and act, these effects may depend on personal and cultural factors. Therefore, it's important not to believe everything you hear about the effects of color.

They have a powerful effect on how people feel and behave.

Some colors have even been associated with changes in blood pressure.

Though color can influence how we feel and act, these effects may depend on personal and cultural factors.

The color purple is often linked to wealth and royalty and is seen as a mysterious, spiritual color.

What do effects of color depend on? - personal and cultural factors

Color are wonderful to look at, but they also affect people in ways besides sight.

They have a powerful effect on how people feel and behave.

Color are wonderful to look at, but they also affect people in ways besides sight.

Different colors can be combined to form other colors.

However, the three primary colors, red, blue and yellow cannot be made by mixing other colors.

Research has shown that people can be more productive if they are working in a blue room.

Though there are differences between cultures, there is a general agreement about some colors.

The color red, for example, is a warm color, associated with energy and excitement in many cultures.

In China, red is associated with fire, energy and good fortune.

On the other hand, one experiment showed that exposing students to red before taking a test can have a negative effect.

In fact, of all the colors, research shows that red has the most powerful effect on human behavior.

In China, red is associated with fire, energy and good fortune. On the other hand, one experiment showed that exposing students to red before taking a test can have a negative effect. In fact, of all the colors, research shows that red has the most powerful effect on human behavior.

(1) Though there are differences between cultures, there is a general agreement about some colors.
(2) The color red, for example, is a warm color, associated with energy and excitement in many cultures.
(3) In China, red is associated with fire, energy and good fortune.
(4) On the other hand, one experiment showed that exposing students to red before taking a test can have a negative effect.

Certainly, it's interesting and important to better understand the psychological effects of light and color.

To gain a better understanding of these effects, more research is needed.

Mixing two primary colors creates a secondary color.

Purple is made by mixing blue and red.

To see, light was projected from our eyes to illuminate things as we look at them.

However, the three primary colors, red, blue and yellow cannot be made by mixing other colors.

The color red, for example, is a warm color, associated with energy and excitement in many cultures.

In China, red is associated with fire, energy and good fortune.

To gain a better understanding of these effects, more research is needed.

Mixing three primary colors creates a tertiary color such as brown or gray.

If you have ever painted, you know that different colors can be combined to create new colors.

Though there are differences between cultures, there is a general agreement about some colors.

L5-U2-P2-3 Vocabulary : Verbs for Business 1

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Verbs for Business 1

To promote: to move someone up in an organization, usually because she has done a good job.

We're going to promote her to manager.

If we don't promote him, he'll probably be upset.

The opposite of promote is demote.

We shouldn't promote anyone unless they really deserve it, which means they have to prove themselves.

I don't think she deserves a promotion yet, but her boss is insisting that we give it to her.

To transfer: to move someone or something from one place to another.

The company is going to transfer him to Shanghai next month.

She doesn't want to be transferred because her husband is against moving to another city.

He likes working for us, but he wants to be transferred to a different place within the company.

She won't agree to be transferred unless we give her a promotion and a salary increase.

Transferring him out of sales was a mistake, so we need to find another position for him.

To motivate: to get someone interested and excited about doing something.

She's really good at motivating her employees.

One way to motivate someone is to encourage them by giving constructive feedback.

He's no fool, so giving him an award without an increase in salary won't motivate him.

When he didn't get his bonus he was really demotivated, so the quality of his work went down.

They aren't working hard enough because they aren't being motivated.

To postpone: to delay or put off something until a later date.

We had to postpone the presentation, because she wasn't ready to give it.

We can't continue to postpone the meeting or they will cancel it completely.

We can't postpone launching the product, so everyone will have to work harder to meet the deadline.

They are asking to postpoine making their first payment, so we may decide to cancel the contract.

To evade: to escape or avoid something.

They are trying to evade taking responsibility for their failure.

He was arrested for tax evasion.

They designed the airplane to evade detection by radar.

The hackers broke into the computer and evaded detection until it was too late to catch them.

They can't evade paying the import tax or they will lose their license to do business in that country.

To delay or put off something until a later date  to postpone.

To get someone interested and excited about their work  to motivate.

To promote someone means ...to give them a higher level job.

Giving constructive feedback is ...one way to motivate them.

One way to motivate someone is to encourage them by giving constructive feedback.

They are trying to evade taking responsibility for their failure.

If we don't promote him, he'll probably be upset.

She's really good at motivating her employees.

They are trying to evade taking responsibility for their failure.

He was arrested for tax evasion.

One way to motivate someone is to encourage them by giving constructive feedback.

We need to motivate people more and not demotivate them by reducing benefits.

L5-U2-P2-4 Vocabulary : Verbs for Business 2

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Verbs for Business 2

To assign: to give someone a task to do.

His boss assigned him to increase sales by fifty percent (50%).

Her company assigned her to find out more about the competition.

His department was the one which was assigned to complete the project, so our department wasn't involved.

Her boss assigns her to do too many things at the same time, so she's frustrated.

It's very dangerous, so I won't assign this project to you unless you are willing to take a risk.

To penalize: to fine or punish someone for doing something wrong.

They were penalized for breaking the rules.

You will be penalized if you are late.

They were all penalized, so they had to work even harder to complete the project on time.

We knew we would be penalized, but the penalty was unfair, so we dropped out of the competition.

To lay off: to fire or sack a worker because business is bad.

The company was failing, so he was laid off.

Our company had to lay off 50% of our employees.

A company may have to lay off workers when business is bad.

He was dong a good job, but the company had to lay him off because they were losing money.

He lost his job because his company had to lay off most of its employees.

She was laid off, not fired, so it should be easier for her to find a new job.

To recruit: to look for new employees to hire.

They are expanding their business and recruiting new employees.

She joined the company after she was recruited at a job fair.

He left his job because he was recruited by another company and offered a much higher salary.

It isn't easy for a small company to recruit experienced managers.

To resign: to voluntarily quit one's job.

His boss didn't like him, so he was asked to resign.

She resigned from her job because of health reasons.

She has decided to resign because she wants to spend more time with her family.

He didn't want to be transferred so he decided to resign and work for a competitor.

To fine or punish someone for doing something wrong  to penalize.

To voluntarily quit one's job to resign.

Her company assigned her to find out more about the competition.

She joined the company after she was recruited at a job fair.

His boss assigned him to increase sales by fifty percent.

The company was failing, so he was laid off.

She joined the company after she was recruited at a job fair.

He wanted to resign, but he needed to stay on for another year to complete the project.

He was doing a good job, but the company had to lay him off because they were losing money.

L5-U2-P2-5 Dialogue : Thoughts in Love

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Thoughts in Love

M: WOW, you look different today.

W: You mean more beautiful?

M: What's with all the makeup?

W: I felt like dressing up today. Don't you like it?

M: Do you want me to be honest?

W: Of course, but I know you. You are so old fashioned.

M: I just think you don't need so much makeup to look beautiful. That lipstick is like a fire engine.

W: Well, not everyone agrees with you. And I like looking different once in a while.

Why is she wearing so much makeup today? -She felt like dressing up today.

Do you want me to be honest?

And I like looking different once in a while.

I just think you don't need so much makeup to look beautiful.

She's wearing more makeup than usual, especially with the bright red lipstick.

Why does she look different today? - She's wearing more makeup than usual.

I felt like dressing up today.

That lipstick is like a fire engine.

I just think you don't need so much makeup to look beautiful.

She's wearing more makeup than usual, especially with the bright red lipstick.

M: I'm glad I'm not a woman. There are too many things to deal with.

W: Yes, you wouldn't be good at it. You always wear the same old clothes, it's boring.

M: Maybe it's boring, but it's comfortable.

W: You're never going to find a new girlfriend if you don't change.

M: I'm not interested in women anymore, you know that, there is nothing but trouble.

What reason does he give for not being intrested in women? -He says women are too much trouble.

What wouldn't he be good at? -being a woman

W: Am I trouble?

M: You and I are just opposites. You are always doing something new, and I would rather just relax.

W: You sound like an old man. You need to act younger. You need to be more exciting.

M: And then what? Find my soulmate?

W: Really, you sound so cynical. Don't you believe in love?

M: Sure, in the movies maybe.

You and I are just opposites. You are always doing something new, and I would rather just relax.

How would you describe their personalities? -They are quite different.

M: Love is an illusion. It never lasts, and once it starts just difficult to break off.

W: Your problem is that you expect too much from love. You are too romantic. You need to be more practical.

M: I thought you were the romantic one.

W: I have a romantic side, yes, but I'm practical. My man has got to be good looking, well-dressed and hopefully rich.

M: Ah ha, then that lets me out.

W: Yes, you've got a lot to learn.

According to her, she ...has a romantic side.

Really, you sound so cynical.

Maybe it's boring, but it's comfortable.

He thinks love is an illusion and doesn't last for very long.

You're never going to find a new girlfriend if you don't change.

You always wear the same old clothes.

I have a romantic side, yes, but I'm practical. My man has got to be good-looking, well dressed and hopefully rich. Ah ha, then that lets me out.

Really, you sound so cynical.

You need to be more exciting.

He thinks love is an illusion and doesn't last for very long.

You're never going to find a new girlfriend if you don't change.

You always wear the same old clothes.

W: Now, where are we going for dinner? Somewhere expensive?

M: OK, you've convinced me that your makeup isn't so bad. But I think it's your turn to pay.

W: That's what you think.

Ok, you've convinced me that your makeup isn't so bad.

He cares a lot about fashion.

What kind of place are they going for dinner? - Somewhere expensive

They'll split the bill.

You need to be more practical.

I have a romantic side, yes, but I'm practical.

Their personalities are quite different, almost complete opposites.

My man has got to be good looking, well-dressed and hopefully rich.