L5-U3-P2-1 Listening : The Circulatory System 1

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The Circulatory System 1

A flow chart, like this one, shows how a process begins and ends, and the steps in between.

The process can be of almost any kind, from manufacturing a tire to creating an advertisement.

Therefore, learning how to describe and explain a process in English is important.

It's important for teachers, engineers, and people who provide customer support.

A flow chart, like this one, shows how a process begins and ends, and the steps in between. The process can be of almost any kind, from manufacturing a tire to creating an advertisement. 

(1) A flow chart, like this one, shows how a process begins and ends, and the steps in between.
(2) The process can be of almost any kind, fro mmanufacturing a tire to creating an advertisement.
(3) Therefore, learning how to describe and explain a process in English is important.
(4) It's important for teachers, engineers, and people who provide customer support.

One process that we are all familiar with is our body's circulatory system.

This system provides oxygen throughout the body and eliminates carbon dioxide, which is a waste product.

If something goes wrong with this system, we need to repair it quickly, or we die.

So it's important to understand it and keep it functioning properly.

What happens with something goes wrong with the sysetem can't be repaired? -If it can't be repaired, we will die.

It provides oxygen to the body and eliminates carbon dioxide.

One process that we are all familiar with is our body's circulatory system.

The process can be of almost any kind, from manufacturing a tire to creating an advertisement.

Therefore, learning how to describe and explain a process in English is important.

It's important to keep it functioning properly ...or we will die.

It's important to keep it functioning properly or we will die.

It's important for teachers, engineers, and people who provide customer support.

A flow chart, like this one, shows how a process begins and ends, and the steps in between.

If something goes wrong with this system, we need to repair it quickly, or we die.

What does the circulatory system do? -It provides oxygen to the body and eliminates carbon dioxide.

It provides oxygen to the body and eliminates carbon dioxide.

It’s important to keep it functioning properly, or we will die.

First, the most important requirement for the system to work is a supply of air.

Without fresh air with sufficient oxygen, the process won't keep us healthy and alive.

So the process begins by breathing in air, which happens when the lungs expand and draw in air.

Once inside the lungs, oxygen in the air is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the blood.

This exchange happens when blood cells release carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen.

This blood is now oxygenated blood, which means it carries oxygen.

What happens inside the lungs? -Oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide.

Once inside the lungs, oxygen in the air is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the blood.This exchange happens when blood cells release carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen.

What kind of air is require to keep us healthy and alive? -fresh air with sufficient oxygen

(1) After exchanging CO2 fox oxygen,oxygenated blood flows to the heart.
(2) From the heart it is pumped to the rest of the body.
(3) The carbon dioxide which was exchanged for oxygen is breathed out.
(4) This happens when the lungs contract.

To summarize, the process begins by inhaling air and oxygenating the blood.

The oxygenated blood in the lungs then flows back to the heart.

The CO2 which came from the blood is exhaled, and the next cycle begins.

Where does the CO2 come from? -blood that comes from the heart

How does the process begin? - by inhaling air and oxygenating the blood

Where does the oxygenated blood go? -back to the heart

Note that the blood in the lungs flows in a loop from the heart.

The blood which enters the loop from the heart carries carbon dioxide.

Once the carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen, the blood continues through the loop and exits into the heart.

The oxygenated blood is then pumped to the rest of the body.

How does the blood in the lungs flow to from the heart? -It flows in a loop that connects the lung and heart.

Inside the lungs, oxygen in the air is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the blood.

The system won't work without a supply of air.

From the heart it is pumped to the rest of the body.

Once inside the lungs, oxygen in the air is exchanged for carbon dioxide in the blood.

The blood travels to and from the heart in a loop that begins and ends in different parts of the heart.

What happens to the oxygenated blood after flows to the heart? - It pumps to the rest of the body.

To stay healthy and alive, we need fresh air with sufficient oxygen.

The process begins by inhaling air and oxygenating the blood.

This happens when the lungs contract.

This exchange happens when blood cells release carbon dioxide and absorb oxygen.

Without fresh air with sufficient oxygen, the process won't keep us healthy and alive.

L5-U3-P2-2 Listening : The Circulatory System 2

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The Circulatory System 2

As you can see, everything depends on the flow of blood to and from the heart.

So how does the heart do this?

First, the heart, which is a muscle, has 4 chambers.

From one chamber, blood is pumped to the lungs.

This is the blood that carries carbon dioxide.

When the oxygenated blood from the lungs comes back to the heart, it enters another chamber.

This chamber is called the left atrium.

In addition to a supply of air, the circulatory system ...depends on the flow of blood to and from the heart.

(1) First, the heart, which is a muscle, has 4 chambers.
(2) From one chamber, blood is pumped to the lungs.
(3) This is the blood that carries carbon dioxide.
(4) When the oxygenated blood from the lungs comes back to the heart, it enters another chamber.

What does the blood pump to the lungs carry? -it carries CO2

(1) First, the heart, which is a muscle, has 4 chambers.
(2) From one chamber, blood is pumped to the lungs.
(3) This is the blood that carries carbon dioxide.
(4) When the oxygenated blood from the lungs comes back to the heart, it enters another chamber.

From the left atrium, the oxygenated blood is pumped into another chamber, the left ventricle.

The left ventricle then pumps the blood into the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body.

From the aorta, the oxygenated blood passes through a network of smaller arteries throughout the entire body, including the brain.

Blood returns to the heart through a system of veins and enters the upper right chamber, the right atrium.

What is the largest artery in the body? -the aorta

From the left atrium, the oxygenated blood is pumped into another chamber, the left ventricle.The left ventricle then pumps the blood into the aorta, which is the largest artery in the body.From the aorta, the oxygenated blood passes through a network of smaller arteries throughout the entire body, including the brain.

What does the heart use to pump blood throughout the body？- a network of arteries and veins

From the left atrium, the oxygenated blood is pumped into another chamber, the left ventricle. The left ventricle then pumps the blood into the aorta,which is the largest artery in the body. From the aorta, the oxygenated blood passes through a network of smaller arteries throughout the entire body, including the brain.

Now that we understand a little about the circulatory system, we can ask what it needs to operate.

Of course it can't operate without energy.

This energy is supplied by another system, the digestive system, which gets energy from food.

And of course these systems need to be supported and controlled.

Our skeletal system provides support, and our muscular system provides control and movement.

Without support and movement, we couldn't get the food that we need for energy.

Only plants can do this because they have a completely different system, which gets energy directly from the sun.

What supplys energy to the circulatory system? - the digestive system

What provides physical support for our bodies? -the skeletal system

Without support and movement, we couldn't get the food that we need for energy. Only plants can do this because they have a completely different system, which gets energy directly from the sun.

What life forms get energy directly from the sun?  -plants

To summarize, the human body is like a huge, complex factory.

The language we use to describe how it functions is the same language we use to describe almost any industrial process.

The vocabulary is different, but the processes, flows and logical relationships are almost identical.

Think of some familiar process in your life or job and see if you can describe and explain it in English.

What is like a huge, complex factory? - the human body

Our bodies function very much like a huge, complex factory.

From one chamber, blood is pumped to the lungs.

Our skeletal system provides support, and our muscular system provides control and movement.

The circulatory system depends on the flow of blood to and from the heart.

The human body is like a huge, complex factory. The language we use to describe how it functions is the same language we use to describe almost any industrial process. The vocabulary is different, but the processes, flows and logical relationships are almost identical.

The human body is like a huge, complex factory.

Our skeletal system provides physical support for our bodies.

Blood pumped to the lungs carries carbon dioxide.

Without support and movement, we couldn't get the food that we need for energy.

Blood returns to the heart through a system of veins and enters the upper right chamber, the right atrium.

The digestive system supplies energy to the circulatory system.

Plants get energy directly from the sun by using photosynthesis.

L5-U3-P2-3 Vocabulary : Verbs About Problems

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Verbs About Problems

Maintain: to preserve or keep things as they are.

Our quality is excellent, so your job is to maintain our high standards and improve them if you can.

These historic buildings are very old and need to be maintained.

Because of economic competition, maintaining peaceful relations isn't easy.

The house was very well maintained,even though it was extremely old.

Disrupt: to cause disorder or confusion.

Smartphones have disrupted the way we live our lives.

Investors want to invest in companies that disrupt the way things are done.

Sometimes disruptive technologies change the world in ways we don't like.

His presence in the office is disruptIve, so we need to get rid of him as soon as possible.

Settle: to calm things down or end a conflict or disagreement.

He is too upset to think clearly, so he needs to settle down.

If we can't agree, we'll have to go to court to settle our differences.

With the development of agriculture humans could settle down and form permanent communities.

They refuse to negotiate, so I'm afraid the only way to settle the dispute will be through war.

Solve: to figure out or find the answer or solution to a problem.

The problem is difficult, so we need to find a way to solve it.

We can't solve that problem without using a computer.

He is very good at solving difficult problems, even under pressure.

Once they solved the problem, they realized that there were several solutions to choose from.

Prove: to use evidence or logic to support an idea.

The police had to release him because they couldn't prove that he committed the crime.

The best way to prove that something can be done is to do it.

We can't prove that he was there unless we can find more evidence.

Our quality is excellent, so your job is to maintain our high standards and improve them if you can.

He is too upset to think clearly, so he needs to settle down.

The police had to release him because they couldn't prove that he committed the crime.

These historic buildings are very old and need to be maintained.

We can't solve that problem without using a computer.

The best way to prove that something can be done is to do it.

She wants proof that I love her, but what does that mean: an expensive diamond ring?

They refuse to negotiate, so I'm afraid the only way to settle the dispute will be through war.

In mathematics, students learn how to use logic to prove things.

It we want to keep something like new, it needs to be maintained.

What's an antonym for calm? -disrupt

To figure out or find the answer or solution to a problem ——to solve.

If you want to show something is true, you need to prove it.

These historic buildings are very old and need to be maintained.

If we can't agree, we'll have to go to court to settle our differences.

The best way to prove that something can be done is to do it.

Smartphones have disrupted the way we live our lives.

He is very good at solving difficult problems, even under pressure.

In mathematics, students learn how to use logic to prove things.

She wants me to buy her an expensive diamond ring to prove that I love her.

Investors want to invest in companies that disrupt the way things are done.

L5-U3-P2-4 Vocabulary : Verbs About Information

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Verbs About Information

Exchange: to swap or change one thing for another.

When we buy something, we exchange money for the product.

In the human body, oxygen is exchanged for CO2 in the lungs. 

When they exchanged smiles, I knew we were close to an agreement.

In a meeting two people may exchange looks by nodding heads or showing emotions.

Cooperate: to work together or collaborate.

Instead of competing with each other, we should cooperate.

A good manager can get people to cooperate, even if they are on different teams.

He wants to do things his own way and refuses to cooperate, so we should get rid of him.

We need him to cooperate instead of refusing to work with us.

Capture: to catch and hold something; the opposite of release.

The prisoners escaped, but they were captured within a few days.

In war, armies try to capture territory and defeat their enemies on the battlefield.

After he was captured he was held in prison for a year before he was exchanged for anotherprisoner.

If you are captured by the enemy, you probably won't survive.

To distribute or share: to pass around or give to others unselfishly.

One reason that company is successful is that it has a profit sharing plan.

After the earthquake the army came and distributed food and water to the survivors.

Nobody wanted to share their supplies, so people started fighting.

After the earthquake it was important for people to share their food and water to supplies with the others.

Eliminate: to get rid of or dispose of.

Waste products must be eliminated from our bodies, or we will die.

Teams were eliminated from the competition when they lost too many games.

One way to eliminate corruption is to punish those people who are corrupt.

When we buy something, we exchange money for the product. 

Instead of competing with each other, we should cooperate.

Waste products must be eliminated from our bodies, or we will die.

When we buy something, we exchange money for the product.

Instead of competing with each other, we should cooperate. 

After the earthquake, the army came and distributed food and water to the survivors.

All except two candidates have been eliminated, so now we need to decide which one to promote.

He wants to do things his own way and refuses to cooperate, so we should get rid of him.

The government is doing its best to eliminate waste and reward conservation.

People who work together mean to cooperate.

What's the opposite of release? -Capture

In order to survive, food and water had to be shared.

In order to succeed, serious problems had to be eliminated.

In the human body, oxygen is exchanged for CO2 in the lungs.

A good manager can get people to cooperate,even if they are on different teams.

Teams were eliminated from the competition when they lost too many games.

During the prisoner exchange, one of the prisoners tried to escape.

We need him to cooperate instead of refusing to work with us.

Nobody wanted to share their supplies, so people started fighting.

After the earthquake it's important for people to share food and water supplies with others.

A good manager can get people to cooperate, even if they are on different teams.

All except two candidates have been eliminated, so now we need to decide which one to promote.

He wants to do things his own way and refuses to cooperate, so we should get rid of him.

She had captured his imaginationand he was hopelessly in love.

capture one's imagination:To hold one's interest orspark one's creativity 

Some of our profits were distributed to the most productive employees in the form of bonuses.

L5-U3-P2-5 Dialogue : Appearance and Career

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Appearance and Career

M: How was the job interview?

W: She did well but she is so unattractive. I don't think we should hire her, certainly not for a sales position.

M: Do you really think so? That seems so unfair. Why should looks have anything to do with it?

W: It's just a basic fact of life. Tall, beautiful people have an advantage.

M: Maybe so, but we don't have to support that way of thinking.

W: Look, we have a business to run. You want me to increase sales, right?

What was the only reason given for not hiring the woman who is  in the interview? -She did well except for her looks.

Maybe so, but we don't have to support that way of thinking.

What is it that they disagree about? -whether or not looks should affect their hiring decision

The candidate did well but she is so unattractive. I don't think we should hire her, certainly not for a sales position.

M: Have you ever heard of Jack Ma?

W: Sure, he is the founder of a huge company in China. I believe he is one of the richest people in the world.

M: He's not good looking at all, but look how successful he is.

W: Yes, but he is an exception.

M: He faced all kinds of prejudice, but he overcame it. I really admire him.

In what ways Jack Ma is an exception? -He succeeded in spite of the obstacles against him.

Tall, beautiful people have an advantage.

I believe he is one of the richest people in the world.

Yes, but he is an exception.

I don't think we should hire her, certainly not for a sales position.

He is an exception because he never gave up, even when things went against him.

The only reason given was the fact that she isn't attractive.

One of the prejudices he overcame was the prejudice against unattractive people.

What kind of prejudice did he overcome? -the prejudice against unattractive people

Why should looks have anything to do with it?

You want me to increase sales, right?

He's not good looking at all, but look how successful he is.

They disagree about whether or not looks should affect their hiring decision.

He faced all kinds of prejudice, but he overcame it.

M: Perhaps having to overcome obstacles like that made him stronger. Maybe he wouldn't have been so successful if he were good looking. Have you thought of that?

W: That may have been a factor, sure. But what about advertising? Look at all the money companies pay for models in advertising.

M: You mean the use of beautiful or strange-looking people?

W: Exactly, it's all around us because it works. People notice it.

M: As far as I'm concerned, it's just a way of fooling people into buying things that they may not need. It's all based on appearance, and I don't like it.

Maybe he wouldn't have been so successful if he were good looking.

As far as I'm concerned, it's just a way of fooling people into buying things that they may not need.

What might have made him stronger? -The fact that he wasn't good looking.

According to him, what do many advertisements try to do? - fool people into buying things that they don't need

W: I don't disagree with you. But people don't buy something because it's good or bad. They buy something because it makes them feel good. Their decisions are based on emotion, not reason.

M: Is that why you buy things?

W: Well, it depends on the product, but yes, I guess I do. What about you?

M: I try to find out about a product before I buy it. But in some cases I'm no different from other people. I'm attracted to advertisements that get my attention.

W: That's my point. We want our salespeople to attract attention, and make people feel good.

What kind of sales people does she want to hire? -people who can make people feel good.

That may have been a factor, sure.

I try to find out about a product before I buy it.

But in some cases I'm no different from other people.

Look at all the money companies pay for models in advertising.

She wants to hire people who can attract attention and make people feel good.

The fact that he wasn't good looking might have been made him stronger.

Maybe he wouldn't have been so successful if he were good looking.

According to her, how do people decide to buy things? -Their decisions are based on emotion more than facts.

Perhaps having to overcome obstacles like that made him stronger.

You mean the use of beautiful or strange-looking people?

I'm attracted to advertisements that get my attention.

As far as I'm concerned, it's just a way of fooling people into buying things that they may not need.

We want our salespeople to attract attention, and make people feel good.

M: OK, but I'd like our company to do better. Let's be creative and do something better.

W: I hear you, but I think you're being naive.

M: If you think that woman was good, then let's give her a chance.

W: OK, I'll give her a chance, and I respect, but completely disagree with your decision.

M: I know, and I thank you for your honest opinion.

Why does she think he has been naive? -his decision is unrealistic  

Why does she respect but disagree with his decision? -She respects what he's trying to do, but she doesn't think it will succeed.

I hear you, but I think you're being naive.

I know, and I thank you for your honest opinion.

She thinks his decision to hire the woman isn't  realistic and goes against experience.

According to her, we are surrounded by advertisements that are based on appearance rather than fact.

Someone who is naive shows a lack of experience and often makes decisions that are not realistic.

What does she disagree with? -His decision to hire the woman

To be naive menas ...to not berealistic or practical.

Let's be creative and do something better.

She disagrees with his decision to hire the woman.

If you think that woman was good, then let's give her a chance.

She respects his decision to give the woman a chance, but she doesn't think the woman will succeed.

According to him, many advertisements try to fool people into buying things they don't need.