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Linux云计算学习笔记day44

Linux云计算学习笔记day44

作者: 我要笑 | 来源:发表于2019-06-05 17:58 被阅读0次

    基于端口的虚拟主机

    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# cat nginx.conf

    user nginx;
    worker_processes 1;

    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
    pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

    events {
    worker_connections 1024;
    }

    http {
    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

sendfile        on;
#tcp_nopush     on;

keepalive_timeout  65;

#gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server   {
listen       81;
server_name  www.oldboy.com;
location / {
root   /usr/share/nginx/html/www;
index  index.html index.htm;
}
}
server   {
listen       82;
server_name  blog.oldboy.com;
location / {
root   /usr/share/nginx/html/blog;
index  index.html index.htm;
}
}

    }
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# nginx -s reload
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# ss -lntup |grep nginx
    tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:81 : users:(("nginx",pid=9691,fd=10),("nginx",pid=9564,fd=10))
    tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:82 : users:(("nginx",pid=9691,fd=11),("nginx",pid=9564,fd=11))
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# curl http://10.0.0.7
    curl: (7) Failed connect to 10.0.0.7:80; Connection refused
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# curl http://10.0.0.7:81
    www.oldboy.com
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# curl http://10.0.0.7:82
    blog.oldboy.com

    ip addr add 10.0.0.11/24 dev eth0

    基于ip的虚拟主机
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# cat nginx.conf

    user nginx;
    worker_processes 1;

    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
    pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

    events {
    worker_connections 1024;
    }

    http {
    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

sendfile        on;
#tcp_nopush     on;

keepalive_timeout  65;

#gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server   {
listen       10.0.0.7:80;
server_name  www.oldboy.com;
location / {
root   /usr/share/nginx/html/www;
index  index.html index.htm;
}
}
server   {
listen       10.0.0.9:80;
server_name  blog.oldboy.com;
location / {
root   /usr/share/nginx/html/blog;
index  index.html index.htm;
}
}

    }

    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# systemctl restart nginx
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]#
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]#
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# ss -lntup |grep nginx
    tcp LISTEN 0 128 10.0.0.9:80 : users:(("nginx",pid=9785,fd=7),("nginx",pid=9784,fd=7))
    tcp LISTEN 0 128 10.0.0.7:80 : users:(("nginx",pid=9785,fd=6),("nginx",pid=9784,fd=6))
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# curl 10.0.0.7
    www.oldboy.com
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# curl 10.0.0.9
    blog.oldboy.com

    nginx处理用户请求过程
    http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/request_processing.html

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;

    nginx内置变量 :

    'remote_addr 客户端ip地址remote_user 远程用户（空）
    [time_local] 时间 "request" 请求报文的起始行 request_uri 只取出uri 'status 状态码
    body_bytes_sent 身体 字节 发送 服务端发给客户端大小（每个文件的大小） "http_referer" 记录着用户从哪里跳转过来的
    '"http_user_agent" 用户浏览器 "http_x_forwarded_for"'; 负载均衡： web服务器用来记录用户真实ip地址

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access_www-gzip.log  main gzip buffer=16k flush=5s ;

    zcat zless zmore zgrep zegrep
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# cat nginx.conf

    user nginx;
    worker_processes 1;

    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
    pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

    events {
    worker_connections 1024;
    }

    http {
    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';


sendfile        on;
#tcp_nopush     on;

keepalive_timeout  65;

#gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    server   {
    listen      80;
    server_name  www.oldboy.com;
access_log  /var/log/nginx/access_www.log  main  ;
    location / {
    root   /usr/share/nginx/html/www;
    index  index.html index.htm;
    }
}
server   {
listen       80;
server_name  blog.oldboy.com;
access_log  /var/log/nginx/access_blog.log  main;
location / {
root   /usr/share/nginx/html/blog;
index  index.html index.htm;
}
}

    }

    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# ll /etc/nginx/conf.d/
    total 12
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 211 Jun 5 11:54 01-www.conf
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 217 Jun 5 11:54 02-blog.conf
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 488 Apr 23 22:34 default.conf.gz
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# cat nginx.conf

    user nginx;
    worker_processes 1;

    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
    pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

    events {
    worker_connections 1024;
    }

    http {
    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';


sendfile        on;
#tcp_nopush     on;

keepalive_timeout  65;

#gzip  on;

include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    }

    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]#
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# nginx -t
    nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# systemctl reload nginx
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# curl www.oldboy.com
    www
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# curl blog.oldboy.com
    blog.oldboy.com

    192.168.22.43:9000 ---->10.0.0.7:80

    nginx状态模块： --with-http_stub_status_module

    [root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# cat status.conf
    server {
    listen 80;
    server_name status.oldboy.com;
    stub_status on;
    access_log off;
    }

    [root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# nginx -t
    nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# systemctl reload nginx

    [root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# vim /etc/hosts
    127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
    ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
    172.16.1.5 lb01
    172.16.1.6 lb02
    172.16.1.7 web01 www.oldboy.com blog.oldboy.com bbs.oldboy.com status.oldboy.com
    172.16.1.8 web02
    172.16.1.31 nfs01
    172.16.1.41 backup
    172.16.1.51 db01 db01.etiantian.org
    172.16.1.61 m01
    [root@web01 /etc/nginx/conf.d]# curl status.oldboy.com
    Active connections: 1
    server accepts handled requests
    566 566 1194
    Reading: 0 Writing: 1 Waiting: 0

    http://192.168.22.43:9000/

    错误提示：

    Connection refused

    连接拒绝

    root@web01 /etc/nginx]# curl www.oldboy.com
    curl: (7) Failed connect to www.oldboy.com:80; Connection refused
    服务 是否运行

    Address already in use

    nginx正在运行中

    [root@web01 ~]# nginx
    nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
    nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
    nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
    nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
    nginx: [emerg] bind() to 0.0.0.0:80 failed (98: Address already in use)
    nginx: [emerg] still could not bind()

    nginx 可以运行nginx服务

    启动 或重启nginx 的报错

    查看详细nginx错误提示 检查语法 nginx -t
    systemctl
    [root@web-204 html]# systemctl start nginx
    Job for nginx.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status nginx.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

    [root@web-204 html]# nginx -t
    nginx: [emerg] unexpected "}" in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:49
    nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed

    }不成对

    Linux或windows 使用域名

    hosts（linux或windows） 没有解析

    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# curl blog.oldboy.com
    <a href="https://www.afternic.com/forsale/blog.oldboy.com?utm_source=TDFS_DASLNC&utm_medium=DASLNC&utm_campaign=TDFS_DASLNC&traffic_type=TDFS_DASLNC&traffic_id=daslnc&">Found</a>.

    server_name 这一行 没有以 ";" 结尾

    terminated 结束

    [root@wed01 ~]# nginx -t
    nginx: [emerg] directive "server_name" is not terminated by ";" in /etc/nginx/nginx.conf:43
    nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed

    31 # include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    32 server {
    33 listen 80;
    34 server_name www.oldboy.com;
    35 location / {
    36 root /usr/share/nginx/html/www;
    37 index index.html index.htm;
    38 }
    39 }
    40 server {
    41 listen 80;
    42 server_name blog.oldboy.com
    43 location / {
    44 root /usr/share/nginx/html/blog;
    45 index index.html index.htm;
    46 }
    47 }
    48
    49 }

    [root@web01 ~]# cat /user/share/nginx/html/{www,blog}/index.html
    www oldboy.com
    blog oldboy.com
    [root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
    [root@web01 ~]# curl blog.oldboy.com
    <html>
    <head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
    <body>
    <center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>

    <center>nginx/1.16.0</center>
    </body>
    </html>
    [root@web01 ~]# curl www.oldboy.com
    <html>
    <head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
    <body>
    <center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
    <center>nginx/1.16.0</center>
    </body>
    </html>

    403 Forbidden

    没有权限

    [root@web01 ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/html/www/
    [root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/www]# ll
    total 4
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15 Jun 5 08:39 index.html
    [root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/www]# chmod 000 index.html
    [root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/www]# ll
    total 4
    ---------- 1 root root 15 Jun 5 08:39 index.html
    [root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/www]# curl www.oldboy.com
    <html>
    <head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
    <body>
    <center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>

    <center>nginx/1.16.0</center>
    </body>
    </html>
    [root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/www]# chmod 644 index.html
    [root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/www]# ll
    total 4
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15 Jun 5 08:39 index.html

    首页文件不存在 默认找首页文件 403

    [root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/www]# ll
    total 0
    [root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/www]# curl www.oldboy.com
    <html>
    <head><title>403 Forbidden</title></head>
    <body>
    <center><h1>403 Forbidden</h1></center>

    <center>nginx/1.16.0</center>
    </body>
    </html>

    Cannot assign requested address
    无法分配指定的ip地址
    本地没有10.0.0.9ip

    [root@web01 /etc/nginx]# nginx -t
    nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: [emerg] bind() to 10.0.0.9:80 failed (99: Cannot assign requested address)
    nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test failed

    ip addr add 10.0.0.9/24 dev eth0 label eth0:1

    304 Not Modified 用户读取浏览器缓存

    conflicting server name

    域名冲突： 有两个几个 虚拟主机的域名相同了

    [root 12:27:17 @web01 conf.d]# nginx -t
    nginx: [warn] conflicting server name "www.oldboy.com" on 0.0.0.0:80, ignored
    nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

    [root 12:16:28 @web01 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

    user nginx;
    worker_processes 1;

    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
    pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

    events {
    worker_connections 1024;
    }

    http {
    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';


sendfile        on;
#tcp_nopush     on;

keepalive_timeout  65;

#gzip  on;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

    }

    [root 12:27:22 @web01 conf.d]# vim 01-www.conf

    server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.oldboy.com;
    #charset koi8-r;
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access_www.log main;

      location / {
      root   /usr/share/nginx/html/www;
      index  index.html index.htm;
            }
 }

    [root 12:29:17 @web01 conf.d]# vim 02-blog.conf

    server {
    listen 80;
    server_name blog.oldboy.com;

      #charset koi8-r;
  access_log  /var/log/nginx/access_blog.log  main;

  location / {
      root   /usr/share/nginx/html/blog;
      index  index.html index.htm;
            }
    }

    [root 12:30:38 @web01 conf.d]# cat 03-status.conf
    server {
    listen 80;
    server_name status.oldboy.com;
    stub_status on;
    access_log off;

    }

    [root 12:35:02 @web01 conf.d]# zcat default.conf.gz
    server {
    listen 80;
    server_name www.oldboy.com;

    location / {
    root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index  index.html index.htm;
}

error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
    root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
}

    }

    curl -v -H Host:status.oldboy.com 172.16.1.7

    状态模块
    location规则
    lnmp

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