过去完成时语法判定
由时间状语来判定
一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:
( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 昨晚九点我已看完这本小说了。
( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 到上学期末我们已经学了二千多个英语单词。
( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 在上星期三之前,他们已经种了六百棵树了。
由“过去的过去”来判定
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:
( 1 )宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如:
She said that she had seen the film before. 她说她已经看过这部电影了。
( 2 )状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 做完作业后,他上床睡觉了。
注意: before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如:
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.他关上了门,离开了教室。
(3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.我们原本希望你来,但你没有来。
根据上、下文来判定
I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.[1]我昨天在街上遇见了王滔。自从他去北京,我们都没有见过面。
网友评论