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Java中try-catch-finally-return的执行

Java中try-catch-finally-return的执行

作者: 撒法第 | 来源:发表于2017-08-14 14:38 被阅读225次
    1、try块中没有抛出异常,try、catch和finally块中都有return语句
    public static int NoException(){
             int i=10;
             try{
               System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);
               return --i;
             }
             catch(Exception e){
               --i;
               System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);
               return --i;
             }
             finally{     
               System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:"+i);
               return --i;
             }  
    }
    

    测试代码:

    public static void main(String[] args) {
            System.out.println("=============NoException==================");
            System.out.println(NoException());
            System.out.println("===============================");   
    }
    

    执行结果:

    =============NoException==================
    i in try block is:10
    i in finally - from try or catch block is:9
    8
    ===============================
    

    执行顺序:
    执行try块,执行到return语句时,先执行return的语句,--i,但是不返回到main方法,执行finally块,遇到finally块中的return语句,执行--i,并将值返回到main方法,这里就不会再回去返回try块中计算得到的值。
    结论:try-catch-finally都有return语句时,没有异常时,返回值是finally中的return返回的。

    2.try块中没有抛出异常,仅try和catch中有return语句
    public static int NoException1(){
                int i=10;
                try{
                    System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);
                    return --i;
                }
                catch(Exception e){
                    --i;
                    System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);
                    return --i;
                }
                finally{           
                    System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:"+i);
                    --i;
                    System.out.println("i in finally block is:"+i);
                    //return --i;
                }
    }
    

    执行结果:

    =============NoException1==================
    i in try block is:10
    i in finally - from try or catch block is:9
    i in finally block is:8
    9
    ===============================
    

    执行顺序:
    try中执行完return的语句后,不返回,执行finally块,finally块执行结束后,返回到try块中,返回i在try块中最后的值。
    结论:try-catch都有return语句时,没有异常时,返回值是try中的return返回的。

    3.try块中抛出异常,try、catch和finally中都有return语句
    public static int WithException(){
                int i=10;
                try{
                    System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);
                    i = i/0;
                    return --i;
                }
                catch(Exception e){
                    System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);
                    --i;
                    System.out.println("i in catch block is:"+i);
                    return --i;
                }
                finally{           
                    System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is--"+i);
                    --i;
                    System.out.println("i in finally block is--"+i);
                    return --i;
                }
    }
    

    执行结果:

    =============WithException==================
    i in try block is:10
    i in catch - form try block is:10
    i in catch block is:9
    i in finally - from try or catch block is--8
    i in finally block is--7
    6
    ===============================
    

    执行顺序:
    抛出异常后,执行catch块,在catch块的return的--i执行完后,并不直接返回而是执行finally,因finally中有return语句,所以,执行,返回结果6。
    结论:try块中抛出异常,try、catch和finally中都有return语句,返回值是finally中的return。

    4.try块中抛出异常,try和catch中都有return语句
    public static int WithException1(){
                int i=10;
                try{
                    System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);
                    i=i/0;
                    return --i;
                }catch(Exception e){
                    System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);           
                    return --i;
                }finally{
                                                                                                                                                                          
                    System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:"+i);
                    --i;
                    System.out.println("i in finally block is:"+i);
                    //return i;
                }
    }
    

    执行结果

    =============WithException1==================
    i in try block is:10
    i in catch - form try block is:10
    i in finally - from try or catch block is:9
    i in finally block is:8
    9
    ===============================
    

    执行顺序:
    抛出异常后,执行catch块,执行完finally语句后,依旧返回catch中的执行return语句后的值,而不是finally中修改的值。
    结论:返回的catch中return值。

    5.try、catch中都出现异常,在finally中有返回
    public static int WithException2(){
                int i=10;
                try{
                    System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);
                    i=i/0;
                    return --i;
                }
                catch(Exception e){
                    System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);
                    int j = i/0;
                    return --i;
                }
                finally{
                                                                                           
                    System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:"+i);
                    --i;
                    --i;
                    System.out.println("i in finally block is:"+i);
                    return --i;
    }
    

    执行结果:

    =============WithException2==================
    i in try block is:10
    i in catch - form try block is:10
    i in finally - from try or catch block is:10
    i in finally block is:8
    7
    ===============================
    

    执行顺序:
    try块中出现异常到catch,catch中出现异常到finally,finally中执行到return语句返回,不检查异常。
    结论:返回finally中return值。

    6、只在函数最后出现return语句
    public static int WithException3(){
                int i=10;
                try{
                    System.out.println("i in try block is:"+i);
                    i=i/0;
                    //return --i;
                }
                catch(Exception e){
                    System.out.println("i in catch - form try block is:"+i);
                    //int j = i/0;
                    //return --i;
                }
                finally{
                                                                              
                    System.out.println("i in finally - from try or catch block is:"+i);
                    --i;
                    --i;
                    System.out.println("i in finally block is:"+i);
                    //return --i;
                }
                return --i;
    }
    

    执行结果:

    =============WithException3==================
    i in try block is:10
    i in catch - form try block is:10
    i in finally - from try or catch block is:10
    i in finally block is:8
    7
    ===============================
    

    总体结论:
    结论一:
    return语句并不是函数的最终出口,如果有finally语句,这在return之后还会执行finally(return的值会暂存在栈里面,等待finally执行后再返回)
    结论二:
    finally里面不建议放return语句,根据需要,return语句可以放在try和catch里面和函数的最后。可行的做法有四:
    (1)return语句只在函数最后出现一次。
    (2)return语句仅在try和catch里面都出现。
    (3)return语句仅在try和函数的最后都出现。
    (4)return语句仅在catch和函数的最后都出现。
    注意,除此之外的其他做法都是不可行的,编译器会报错。

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