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MyBatis原理系列(八)-手把手带你了解一级缓存和二级缓存

MyBatis原理系列(八)-手把手带你了解一级缓存和二级缓存

作者: Renaissance_ | 来源:发表于2020-12-30 17:14 被阅读0次

    MyBatis原理系列(一)-手把手带你阅读MyBatis源码
    MyBatis原理系列(二)-手把手带你了解MyBatis的启动流程
    MyBatis原理系列(三)-手把手带你了解SqlSession,SqlSessionFactory,SqlSessionFactoryBuilder的关系
    MyBatis原理系列(四)-手把手带你了解MyBatis的Executor执行器
    MyBatis原理系列(五)-手把手带你了解Statement、StatementHandler、MappedStatement间的关系
    MyBatis原理系列(六)-手把手带你了解BoundSql的创建过程
    MyBatis原理系列(七)-手把手带你了解如何自定义插件
    MyBatis原理系列(八)-手把手带你了解一级缓存和二级缓存
    MyBatis原理系列(九)-手把手带你了解MyBatis事务管理机制

    缓存在硬件和软件应用广泛,我们在大学学过计算机与操作系统中接触过高速缓存,闪存等。在工作中,我们也接触过一些缓存中间件,比如Redis,MemCache。MyBatis作为一款优秀的ORM框架,也提供了缓存的功能,减少访问数据库的次数,从而提高性能。本文将和大家介绍MyBatis的实现和原理。

    1. 初识缓存

    MyBatis提供的缓存功能包含一级缓存和二级缓存,都是默认开启的,它们的作用范围也是不同的。MyBatis的缓存是基于cache接口的。cache接口的继承关系如下

    cache的继承关系

    cache作为顶层接口,定义了缓存的基本操作,比如设置缓存,获取缓存的方法。

    public interface Cache {
    
      /**
       * 唯一标示缓存
       * @return
       */
      String getId();
    
      /**
       * 以key value形式设置缓存
       * @param key
       * @param value
       */
      void putObject(Object key, Object value);
    
      /**
       * 获取缓存
       * @param key
       * @return
       */
      Object getObject(Object key);
    
      /**
       * 删除缓存
       */
      Object removeObject(Object key);
    
      /**
       * 清空缓存实例
       */
      void clear();
    
      /**
       * 缓存中元素的数量
       * @return
       */
      int getSize();
    
      /**
       * 读写锁
       * @return
       */
      default ReadWriteLock getReadWriteLock() {
        return null;
      }
    
    }
    

    PerpetualCache 是cache的默认实现,也是最简单的实现,它以HashMap作为缓存容器,存储缓存。其它类型的缓存是对PerpetualCache的包装。

    public class PerpetualCache implements Cache {
      
      private final String id;
    
      // 以map存储缓存
      private final Map<Object, Object> cache = new HashMap<>();
    
      public PerpetualCache(String id) {
        this.id = id;
      }
    
      @Override
      public String getId() {
        return id;
      }
    
      @Override
      public int getSize() {
        return cache.size();
      }
    
      @Override
      public void putObject(Object key, Object value) {
        cache.put(key, value);
      }
    
      @Override
      public Object getObject(Object key) {
        return cache.get(key);
      }
    
      @Override
      public Object removeObject(Object key) {
        return cache.remove(key);
      }
    
      @Override
      public void clear() {
        cache.clear();
      }
    
      @Override
      public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (getId() == null) {
          throw new CacheException("Cache instances require an ID.");
        }
        if (this == o) {
          return true;
        }
        if (!(o instanceof Cache)) {
          return false;
        }
    
        Cache otherCache = (Cache) o;
        return getId().equals(otherCache.getId());
      }
    
      @Override
      public int hashCode() {
        if (getId() == null) {
          throw new CacheException("Cache instances require an ID.");
        }
        return getId().hashCode();
      }
    
    }
    
    

    2. 一级缓存

    2.1 一级缓存开启

    MyBatis一级缓存是默认开启的,并且它的作用范围是SqlSession级别的。我么知道SqlSession是顶层的接口,最终的数据库操作都是交由给执行器进行操作的。了解前面的Executor的同学可知,缓存就是在执行Executor中进行维护的,其中localCache成员变量就是一级缓存对象,其类型就是PerpetualCache。

    public abstract class BaseExecutor implements Executor {
    
      private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(BaseExecutor.class);
    
      protected Transaction transaction;
      protected Executor wrapper;
    
      protected ConcurrentLinkedQueue<DeferredLoad> deferredLoads;
      protected PerpetualCache localCache;
      protected PerpetualCache localOutputParameterCache;
      protected Configuration configuration;
    
      protected int queryStack;
      private boolean closed;
    
      protected BaseExecutor(Configuration configuration, Transaction transaction) {
        this.transaction = transaction;
        this.deferredLoads = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
        this.localCache = new PerpetualCache("LocalCache");
        this.localOutputParameterCache = new PerpetualCache("LocalOutputParameterCache");
        this.closed = false;
        this.configuration = configuration;
        this.wrapper = this;
      }
    }
    

    一级缓存是默认开启的,Configuration的成员变量localCacheScope的默认就是Sesssion级别的。

    // Configuration类
    protected LocalCacheScope localCacheScope = LocalCacheScope.SESSION;
    

    如果要关闭,我们可以在mybatis-config.xml中的settings标签中将这个配置设置成Statement类型的

    <setting name="localCacheScope" value="STATEMENT"/>
    

    如果某个select标签查询不需要缓存,在select标签加上flushCache="true"也可以设置单个查询关闭缓存

      <select id="selectByPrimaryKey" parameterType="java.lang.Long" 
              resultMap="BaseResultMap" flushCache="true">
        select 
        <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
        from t_test_user
        where id = #{id,jdbcType=BIGINT}
      </select>
    
    2.1 一级缓存存取

    缓存在查询中才会用到,例如我们用同一个sql语句反复去查询数据库,并且在此期间没有进行过数据修改操作,预期是返回相同的结果。如果没有缓存,我们将每次都要访问数据库返回结果,这个过程无疑是浪费资源和消耗性能的。因此我们可以将第一次查询的结果缓存在内存中,第二次用相同的sql语句查询的时候,先去缓存中查询,如果命中则直接返回,否则去数据库查询并放到缓存中返回。我们接下来看看BaseExecutor的query方法是怎么做的吧。

    @Override
      public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
        ErrorContext.instance().resource(ms.getResource()).activity("executing a query").object(ms.getId());
        // Executor是否关闭
        if (closed) {
          throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed.");
        }
        // select标签是否配置了flushCache=true
        if (queryStack == 0 && ms.isFlushCacheRequired()) {
          // 清除一级缓存
          clearLocalCache();
        }
        List<E> list;
        try {
          queryStack++;
          // 查询一级缓存
          list = resultHandler == null ? (List<E>) localCache.getObject(key) : null;
          if (list != null) {
            // 处理缓存的结果
            handleLocallyCachedOutputParameters(ms, key, parameter, boundSql);
          } else {
            // 缓存中没有则查询数据库
            list = queryFromDatabase(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
          }
        } finally {
          queryStack--;
        }
        if (queryStack == 0) {
          for (DeferredLoad deferredLoad : deferredLoads) {
            deferredLoad.load();
          }
          // issue #601
          deferredLoads.clear();
          // 如果关闭了一级缓存,查询完后清除一级缓存
          if (configuration.getLocalCacheScope() == LocalCacheScope.STATEMENT) {
            // issue #482
            clearLocalCache();
          }
        }
        return list;
      }
    
    

    第一次查询肯定从缓存中查询不到东西,于是走向了queryFromDatabase分支,这个方法就直接从数据库中去查询

    private <E> List<E> queryFromDatabase(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
        List<E> list;
        // 添加占位符,标示正在执行
        localCache.putObject(key, EXECUTION_PLACEHOLDER);
        try {
          // 调用子类的查询方法获取结果
          list = doQuery(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
        } finally {
          localCache.removeObject(key);
        }
        // 将查询结果放到缓存中
        localCache.putObject(key, list);
        // 如果是存储过程则需要处理输出参数
        if (ms.getStatementType() == StatementType.CALLABLE) {
          localOutputParameterCache.putObject(key, parameter);
        }
        return list;
      }
    

    注意这个缓存真的是查询sql完全一样,这个一样还包括参数的一致,才会从缓存中获取到结果,那么如何判断两个查询sql是否一样呢。createCacheKey就帮忙解答了这个疑惑,它会给每个sql都生成一个key,如果两个生成的key一致,那就表明不管是sql还是参数都是一致的。

     @Override
      public CacheKey createCacheKey(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, BoundSql boundSql) {
        if (closed) {
          throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed.");
        }
        CacheKey cacheKey = new CacheKey();
        cacheKey.update(ms.getId());
        cacheKey.update(rowBounds.getOffset());
        cacheKey.update(rowBounds.getLimit());
        cacheKey.update(boundSql.getSql());
        List<ParameterMapping> parameterMappings = boundSql.getParameterMappings();
        TypeHandlerRegistry typeHandlerRegistry = ms.getConfiguration().getTypeHandlerRegistry();
        // mimic DefaultParameterHandler logic
        for (ParameterMapping parameterMapping : parameterMappings) {
          if (parameterMapping.getMode() != ParameterMode.OUT) {
            Object value;
            String propertyName = parameterMapping.getProperty();
            if (boundSql.hasAdditionalParameter(propertyName)) {
              value = boundSql.getAdditionalParameter(propertyName);
            } else if (parameterObject == null) {
              value = null;
            } else if (typeHandlerRegistry.hasTypeHandler(parameterObject.getClass())) {
              value = parameterObject;
            } else {
              MetaObject metaObject = configuration.newMetaObject(parameterObject);
              value = metaObject.getValue(propertyName);
            }
            cacheKey.update(value);
          }
        }
        if (configuration.getEnvironment() != null) {
          // issue #176
          cacheKey.update(configuration.getEnvironment().getId());
        }
        return cacheKey;
      }
    
    2.3 一级缓存清除

    在执行update,commit,或者rollback操作的时候都会进行清除缓存操作,所有的缓存都将失效。

      @Override
      public int update(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter) throws SQLException {
        ErrorContext.instance().resource(ms.getResource()).activity("executing an update").object(ms.getId());
        if (closed) {
          throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed.");
        }
        // 清除一级缓存
        clearLocalCache();
        return doUpdate(ms, parameter);
      }
    

    3. 二级缓存

    一级缓存的作用范围是SqlSession级别的,但是SqlSession是单线程的,不同线程间的操作会有一些脏数据的问题。二级缓存的范围更大,是Mapper级别的缓存,因此不同sqlSession间可以共享缓存。

    3.1 二级缓存开启
    1. 开启二级缓存需要配置cacheEnabled为true,这个属性默认为true。
    <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
    
    1. 在需要进行开启二级缓存的mapper中新增cache配置,cache配置有很多属性。
    • type : 缓存实现类,默认是PerpetualCache,也可以是第三方缓存的实现

    • size:最多缓存对象的个数

    • eviction:缓存回收策略,默认是LRU
      LRU:最近最少使用策略,回收最长时间不被使用的缓存
      FIFO:先进先出策略,回收最新进入的缓存
      SOFT - 软引用:移除基于垃圾回收器状态和软引用规则的对象
      WEAK - 弱引用:更积极地移除基于垃圾收集器状态和弱引用规则的对象

    • flushInterval:缓存刷新的间隔时间,默认是不刷新的

    • readOnly : 是否只读,true 只会进行读取操作,修改操作交由用户处理
      false 可以进行读取操作,也可以进行修改操作

      <cache type="org.apache.ibatis.cache.impl.PerpetualCache"
             size="1024"
             eviction="LRU"
             flushInterval="120000"
             readOnly="false"/>
    
    1. 也可以对单个Statement标签进行关闭和开启操作,通过配置useCache="true"来开启缓存
      <select id="selectByPrimaryKey" parameterType="java.lang.Long"
              resultMap="BaseResultMap" useCache="true">
        select 
        <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
        from t_test_user
        where id = #{id,jdbcType=BIGINT}
      </select>
    
    3.2 二级缓存存取

    二级缓存是Mapper级别的缓存,因此SqlSession是不可以管理的,我们再把目光转向Executor,Executor在介绍的时候涉及到了CachingExecutor,在Configuration创建Executor的时候,如果开启了二级缓存,就使用到了CachingExecutor进行了包装。

    // Configuration
      public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction, ExecutorType executorType) {
        executorType = executorType == null ? defaultExecutorType : executorType;
        executorType = executorType == null ? ExecutorType.SIMPLE : executorType;
        Executor executor;
        if (ExecutorType.BATCH == executorType) {
          executor = new BatchExecutor(this, transaction);
        } else if (ExecutorType.REUSE == executorType) {
          executor = new ReuseExecutor(this, transaction);
        } else {
          executor = new SimpleExecutor(this, transaction);
        }
        // 是否开启了二级缓存
        if (cacheEnabled) {
          executor = new CachingExecutor(executor);
        }
        // 创建插件对象
        executor = (Executor) interceptorChain.pluginAll(executor);
        return executor;
      }
    

    CachingExecutor 中只有两个成员变量,其中一个就是TransactionalCacheManager用来管理缓存。

     // 1. 委托执行器,也就是被包装的三种执行器的中的一种
      private final Executor delegate;
      // 2. 缓存管理类,用来管理TransactionalCache
      private final TransactionalCacheManager tcm = new TransactionalCacheManager();
    

    TransactionalCacheManager 结构也比较简单,内部也维护着一个HashMap缓存,其中TransactionalCache实现了Cache接口。

    public class TransactionalCacheManager {
    
      // 缓存,TransactionalCache实现了Cache接口
      private final Map<Cache, TransactionalCache> transactionalCaches = new HashMap<>();
    
      public void clear(Cache cache) {
        getTransactionalCache(cache).clear();
      }
    
      public Object getObject(Cache cache, CacheKey key) {
        return getTransactionalCache(cache).getObject(key);
      }
    
      public void putObject(Cache cache, CacheKey key, Object value) {
        getTransactionalCache(cache).putObject(key, value);
      }
    
      // 提交
      public void commit() {
        for (TransactionalCache txCache : transactionalCaches.values()) {
          txCache.commit();
        }
      }
      // 回滚
      public void rollback() {
        for (TransactionalCache txCache : transactionalCaches.values()) {
          txCache.rollback();
        }
      }
    
      // 获取缓存
      private TransactionalCache getTransactionalCache(Cache cache) {
        return transactionalCaches.computeIfAbsent(cache, TransactionalCache::new);
      }
    
    }
    

    二级缓存的的存取过程是怎么样的呢,我们可以看看CachingExecutor的query方法。如果Statement标签配置了开启缓存,则从缓存中去取,否则执行执行一级缓存的查询逻辑。如果开启了缓存,则先从二级缓存中查找,如果命中直接返回,否则执行一级缓存的逻辑。因此当二级缓存开启时,优先从二级缓存中查找,再去从一级缓存中查找,最后从数据库查找。

    // CachingExecutor
    @Override
      public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql)
          throws SQLException {
        // 获取二级缓存配置标签
        Cache cache = ms.getCache();
        if (cache != null) {
          // select标签是否配置了flushCache属性
          flushCacheIfRequired(ms);
          // 如果select标签配置了useCache属性
          if (ms.isUseCache() && resultHandler == null) {
            // 二级缓存不能缓存输出类型的参数
            ensureNoOutParams(ms, boundSql);
            @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
            // 获取二级缓存  
            List<E> list = (List<E>) tcm.getObject(cache, key);
            if (list == null) {
              // 如果二级缓存为空,则再去查询一级缓存,如果一级缓存也没命中,则查询数据库放到缓存中
              list = delegate.query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
              // 二级缓存存储时先保存在临时属性中,等事务提交再保存到真实的二级缓存
             // 缓存在一个中间变量
              tcm.putObject(cache, key, list); // issue #578 and #116
            }
            return list;
          }
        }
        // 没开启缓存
        return delegate.query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
      }
    
    3.3 二级缓存清除

    清空缓存也是在执行更新操作的时候进行删除缓存

      @Override
      public int update(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject) throws SQLException {
        // 清空缓存
        flushCacheIfRequired(ms);
        // 调用实际执行器的update方法
        return delegate.update(ms, parameterObject);
      }
    

    4. 例子

    接下来我们将以两个例子来更加清晰的介绍下一级缓存和二级缓存

    4.1 一级缓存

    一级缓存是SqlSession级别的缓存,如果用同一个sql执行两次相同的sql,第一次会执行查询打印sql,第二次则是直接从缓存中去获取,不会打印sql,从日志可以看出来只打印了一次sql,说明第二次是从缓存中获取的。

    先将二级缓存关闭

    <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="false"/>
    

    然后执行两次相同的语句

        public static void main(String[] args) {
            try {
                // 1. 读取配置
                InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
                // 2. 创建SqlSessionFactory工厂
                SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
                // 3. 获取sqlSession
                SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(ExecutorType.SIMPLE);
                // 4. 获取Mapper
                TTestUserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TTestUserMapper.class);
                // 5. 执行接口方法
                TTestUser user = userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(1000L);
                TTestUser user1 = userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(1000L);
                // 6. 提交事物
                sqlSession.commit();
                // 7. 关闭资源
                sqlSession.close();
                inputStream.close();
            } catch (Exception e){
                log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }
    

    最后打印了一次sql,说明第二次是从缓存中获取的

    16:37:33.088 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Opening JDBC Connection
    16:37:35.027 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Created connection 1995250556.
    16:37:35.028 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@76ed1b7c]
    16:37:35.050 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==>  Preparing: select id, member_id, real_name, nickname, date_create, date_update, deleted from t_test_user where id = ? 
    16:37:35.108 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Parameters: 1000(Long)
    16:37:35.171 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - <==      Total: 1
    16:37:35.174 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@76ed1b7c]
    16:37:35.191 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@76ed1b7c]
    16:37:35.191 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Returned connection 1995250556 to pool.
    

    因为是SqlSession级别的,如果不同的SqlSession级别的执行相同的sql,应该互不影响,应该会打印两次sql,我们将上面的代码稍微修改下

    public static void main(String[] args) {
            try {
                // 1. 读取配置
                InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
                // 2. 创建SqlSessionFactory工厂
                SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
                // 3. 获取sqlSession
                SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(ExecutorType.SIMPLE);
                // 4. 获取Mapper
                TTestUserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TTestUserMapper.class);
                // 5. 执行接口方法
                TTestUser user = userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(1000L);
    
                // 开启新的sqlSession
                SqlSession sqlSession2 = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
                TTestUserMapper userMapper2 = sqlSession2.getMapper(TTestUserMapper.class);
                TTestUser user2 = userMapper2.selectByPrimaryKey(1000L);
                // 6. 提交事物
                sqlSession.commit();
                // 7. 关闭资源
                sqlSession.close();
                inputStream.close();
            } catch (Exception e){
                log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }
    

    打印了两次sql,证明了一级缓存是SqlSession的级别的,不同的SqlSession间不能共享缓存。

    16:44:06.871 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Opening JDBC Connection
    16:44:08.297 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Created connection 34073107.
    16:44:08.297 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@207ea13]
    16:44:08.316 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==>  Preparing: select id, member_id, real_name, nickname, date_create, date_update, deleted from t_test_user where id = ? 
    16:44:08.365 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Parameters: 1000(Long)
    16:44:08.447 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - <==      Total: 1
    16:44:08.448 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Opening JDBC Connection
    16:44:08.717 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Created connection 1527254842.
    16:44:08.718 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@5b080f3a]
    16:44:08.740 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==>  Preparing: select id, member_id, real_name, nickname, date_create, date_update, deleted from t_test_user where id = ? 
    16:44:08.741 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Parameters: 1000(Long)
    16:44:08.764 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - <==      Total: 1
    16:44:08.764 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@207ea13]
    16:44:08.788 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@207ea13]
    16:44:08.789 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Returned connection 34073107 to pool.
    

    4.1 二级缓存

    先开启二级缓存

    <setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
    

    然后对应的mapper中开启缓存

      <select id="selectByPrimaryKey" parameterType="java.lang.Long"
              resultMap="BaseResultMap" useCache="true">
        select 
        <include refid="Base_Column_List" />
        from t_test_user
        where id = #{id,jdbcType=BIGINT}
      </select>
    
      <cache type="org.apache.ibatis.cache.impl.PerpetualCache"
             size="1024"
             eviction="LRU"
             flushInterval="120000"
             readOnly="false"/>
    

    复用上面的代码,我们看看不同SqlSession间是否能够共享缓存。
    发现还是打印了2次sql,说明缓存没生效,配置都配置正确了,会有其它原因吗

    16:56:34.043 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Opening JDBC Connection
    16:56:35.278 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Created connection 316335490.
    16:56:35.279 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@12dae582]
    16:56:35.292 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==>  Preparing: select id, member_id, real_name, nickname, date_create, date_update, deleted from t_test_user where id = ? 
    16:56:35.341 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Parameters: 1000(Long)
    16:56:35.386 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - <==      Total: 1
    16:56:35.387 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper - Cache Hit Ratio [com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper]: 0.0
    16:56:35.387 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Opening JDBC Connection
    16:56:35.544 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Created connection 375074687.
    16:56:35.544 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@165b2f7f]
    16:56:35.560 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==>  Preparing: select id, member_id, real_name, nickname, date_create, date_update, deleted from t_test_user where id = ? 
    16:56:35.560 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Parameters: 1000(Long)
    16:56:35.571 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - <==      Total: 1
    16:56:35.583 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@12dae582]
    16:56:35.602 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@12dae582]
    16:56:35.602 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Returned connection 316335490 to pool.
    

    再看看CachingExecutor中的query方法,有这一行代码

    // CachingExecutor
    // 二级缓存存储时先保存在临时属性中,等事务提交再保存到真实的二级缓存
       tcm.putObject(cache, key, list); // issue #578 and #116
    

    再看看CachingExecutor的commit方法,在commit的时候才会将缓存放到真正的缓存中,这样做的目的就是为了防止不通SqlSession间的脏读,一个SqlSession读取了另一个SqlSession还未提交的数据。

      @Override
      public void commit(boolean required) throws SQLException {
        delegate.commit(required);
        tcm.commit();
      }
    

    接下来修改上述代码为如下

     public static void main(String[] args) {
            try {
                // 1. 读取配置
                InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
                // 2. 创建SqlSessionFactory工厂
                SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
                // 3. 获取sqlSession
                SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(ExecutorType.SIMPLE);
                // 4. 获取Mapper
                TTestUserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TTestUserMapper.class);
                // 5. 执行接口方法
                TTestUser user = userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(1000L);
                sqlSession.commit();
    
                // 开启新的sqlSession
                SqlSession sqlSession2 = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
                TTestUserMapper userMapper2 = sqlSession2.getMapper(TTestUserMapper.class);
                TTestUser user2 = userMapper2.selectByPrimaryKey(1000L);
                sqlSession2.commit();
    
                // 7. 关闭资源
                sqlSession.close();
                sqlSession2.close();
                inputStream.close();
            } catch (Exception e){
                log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            }
        }
    

    第一次查询提交了事务后,第二次直接命中了缓存,从而印证了事务提交才会将查询结果放到缓存中。

    17:08:20.993 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper - Cache Hit Ratio [com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper]: 0.0
    17:08:21.011 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Opening JDBC Connection
    17:08:22.568 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Created connection 316335490.
    17:08:22.568 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@12dae582]
    17:08:22.589 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==>  Preparing: select id, member_id, real_name, nickname, date_create, date_update, deleted from t_test_user where id = ? 
    17:08:22.643 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Parameters: 1000(Long)
    17:08:22.692 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - <==      Total: 1
    17:08:22.706 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper - Cache Hit Ratio [com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper]: 0.5
    17:08:22.707 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@12dae582]
    17:08:22.733 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@12dae582]
    17:08:22.733 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Returned connection 316335490 to pool.
    
    

    5. 总结

    • MyBatis 中包含一级缓存和二级缓存,一级缓存的作用范围是SqlSession级别的,二级缓存是Mapper级别的。
    • MyBatis 中的一级缓存和二级缓存都是默认开启的,不过二级缓存还要额外在mapper和statement中配置缓存属性
    • 一级缓存和二级缓存适用于读多写少的场景,如果频繁的更新数据,将降低查询性能。

    参考 给我五分钟,带你彻底掌握 MyBatis 缓存的工作原理

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