MyBatis原理系列(一)-手把手带你阅读MyBatis源码
MyBatis原理系列(二)-手把手带你了解MyBatis的启动流程
MyBatis原理系列(三)-手把手带你了解SqlSession,SqlSessionFactory,SqlSessionFactoryBuilder的关系
MyBatis原理系列(四)-手把手带你了解MyBatis的Executor执行器
MyBatis原理系列(五)-手把手带你了解Statement、StatementHandler、MappedStatement间的关系
MyBatis原理系列(六)-手把手带你了解BoundSql的创建过程
MyBatis原理系列(七)-手把手带你了解如何自定义插件
MyBatis原理系列(八)-手把手带你了解一级缓存和二级缓存
MyBatis原理系列(九)-手把手带你了解MyBatis事务管理机制
缓存在硬件和软件应用广泛,我们在大学学过计算机与操作系统中接触过高速缓存,闪存等。在工作中,我们也接触过一些缓存中间件,比如Redis,MemCache。MyBatis作为一款优秀的ORM框架,也提供了缓存的功能,减少访问数据库的次数,从而提高性能。本文将和大家介绍MyBatis的实现和原理。
1. 初识缓存
MyBatis提供的缓存功能包含一级缓存和二级缓存,都是默认开启的,它们的作用范围也是不同的。MyBatis的缓存是基于cache接口的。cache接口的继承关系如下
cache的继承关系cache作为顶层接口,定义了缓存的基本操作,比如设置缓存,获取缓存的方法。
public interface Cache {
/**
* 唯一标示缓存
* @return
*/
String getId();
/**
* 以key value形式设置缓存
* @param key
* @param value
*/
void putObject(Object key, Object value);
/**
* 获取缓存
* @param key
* @return
*/
Object getObject(Object key);
/**
* 删除缓存
*/
Object removeObject(Object key);
/**
* 清空缓存实例
*/
void clear();
/**
* 缓存中元素的数量
* @return
*/
int getSize();
/**
* 读写锁
* @return
*/
default ReadWriteLock getReadWriteLock() {
return null;
}
}
PerpetualCache 是cache的默认实现,也是最简单的实现,它以HashMap作为缓存容器,存储缓存。其它类型的缓存是对PerpetualCache的包装。
public class PerpetualCache implements Cache {
private final String id;
// 以map存储缓存
private final Map<Object, Object> cache = new HashMap<>();
public PerpetualCache(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
@Override
public String getId() {
return id;
}
@Override
public int getSize() {
return cache.size();
}
@Override
public void putObject(Object key, Object value) {
cache.put(key, value);
}
@Override
public Object getObject(Object key) {
return cache.get(key);
}
@Override
public Object removeObject(Object key) {
return cache.remove(key);
}
@Override
public void clear() {
cache.clear();
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object o) {
if (getId() == null) {
throw new CacheException("Cache instances require an ID.");
}
if (this == o) {
return true;
}
if (!(o instanceof Cache)) {
return false;
}
Cache otherCache = (Cache) o;
return getId().equals(otherCache.getId());
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
if (getId() == null) {
throw new CacheException("Cache instances require an ID.");
}
return getId().hashCode();
}
}
2. 一级缓存
2.1 一级缓存开启
MyBatis一级缓存是默认开启的,并且它的作用范围是SqlSession级别的。我么知道SqlSession是顶层的接口,最终的数据库操作都是交由给执行器进行操作的。了解前面的Executor的同学可知,缓存就是在执行Executor中进行维护的,其中localCache成员变量就是一级缓存对象,其类型就是PerpetualCache。
public abstract class BaseExecutor implements Executor {
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(BaseExecutor.class);
protected Transaction transaction;
protected Executor wrapper;
protected ConcurrentLinkedQueue<DeferredLoad> deferredLoads;
protected PerpetualCache localCache;
protected PerpetualCache localOutputParameterCache;
protected Configuration configuration;
protected int queryStack;
private boolean closed;
protected BaseExecutor(Configuration configuration, Transaction transaction) {
this.transaction = transaction;
this.deferredLoads = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();
this.localCache = new PerpetualCache("LocalCache");
this.localOutputParameterCache = new PerpetualCache("LocalOutputParameterCache");
this.closed = false;
this.configuration = configuration;
this.wrapper = this;
}
}
一级缓存是默认开启的,Configuration的成员变量localCacheScope的默认就是Sesssion级别的。
// Configuration类
protected LocalCacheScope localCacheScope = LocalCacheScope.SESSION;
如果要关闭,我们可以在mybatis-config.xml中的settings标签中将这个配置设置成Statement类型的
<setting name="localCacheScope" value="STATEMENT"/>
如果某个select标签查询不需要缓存,在select标签加上flushCache="true"
也可以设置单个查询关闭缓存
<select id="selectByPrimaryKey" parameterType="java.lang.Long"
resultMap="BaseResultMap" flushCache="true">
select
<include refid="Base_Column_List" />
from t_test_user
where id = #{id,jdbcType=BIGINT}
</select>
2.1 一级缓存存取
缓存在查询中才会用到,例如我们用同一个sql语句反复去查询数据库,并且在此期间没有进行过数据修改操作,预期是返回相同的结果。如果没有缓存,我们将每次都要访问数据库返回结果,这个过程无疑是浪费资源和消耗性能的。因此我们可以将第一次查询的结果缓存在内存中,第二次用相同的sql语句查询的时候,先去缓存中查询,如果命中则直接返回,否则去数据库查询并放到缓存中返回。我们接下来看看BaseExecutor的query方法是怎么做的吧。
@Override
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
ErrorContext.instance().resource(ms.getResource()).activity("executing a query").object(ms.getId());
// Executor是否关闭
if (closed) {
throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed.");
}
// select标签是否配置了flushCache=true
if (queryStack == 0 && ms.isFlushCacheRequired()) {
// 清除一级缓存
clearLocalCache();
}
List<E> list;
try {
queryStack++;
// 查询一级缓存
list = resultHandler == null ? (List<E>) localCache.getObject(key) : null;
if (list != null) {
// 处理缓存的结果
handleLocallyCachedOutputParameters(ms, key, parameter, boundSql);
} else {
// 缓存中没有则查询数据库
list = queryFromDatabase(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}
} finally {
queryStack--;
}
if (queryStack == 0) {
for (DeferredLoad deferredLoad : deferredLoads) {
deferredLoad.load();
}
// issue #601
deferredLoads.clear();
// 如果关闭了一级缓存,查询完后清除一级缓存
if (configuration.getLocalCacheScope() == LocalCacheScope.STATEMENT) {
// issue #482
clearLocalCache();
}
}
return list;
}
第一次查询肯定从缓存中查询不到东西,于是走向了queryFromDatabase分支,这个方法就直接从数据库中去查询
private <E> List<E> queryFromDatabase(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
List<E> list;
// 添加占位符,标示正在执行
localCache.putObject(key, EXECUTION_PLACEHOLDER);
try {
// 调用子类的查询方法获取结果
list = doQuery(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
} finally {
localCache.removeObject(key);
}
// 将查询结果放到缓存中
localCache.putObject(key, list);
// 如果是存储过程则需要处理输出参数
if (ms.getStatementType() == StatementType.CALLABLE) {
localOutputParameterCache.putObject(key, parameter);
}
return list;
}
注意这个缓存真的是查询sql完全一样,这个一样还包括参数的一致,才会从缓存中获取到结果,那么如何判断两个查询sql是否一样呢。createCacheKey就帮忙解答了这个疑惑,它会给每个sql都生成一个key,如果两个生成的key一致,那就表明不管是sql还是参数都是一致的。
@Override
public CacheKey createCacheKey(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, BoundSql boundSql) {
if (closed) {
throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed.");
}
CacheKey cacheKey = new CacheKey();
cacheKey.update(ms.getId());
cacheKey.update(rowBounds.getOffset());
cacheKey.update(rowBounds.getLimit());
cacheKey.update(boundSql.getSql());
List<ParameterMapping> parameterMappings = boundSql.getParameterMappings();
TypeHandlerRegistry typeHandlerRegistry = ms.getConfiguration().getTypeHandlerRegistry();
// mimic DefaultParameterHandler logic
for (ParameterMapping parameterMapping : parameterMappings) {
if (parameterMapping.getMode() != ParameterMode.OUT) {
Object value;
String propertyName = parameterMapping.getProperty();
if (boundSql.hasAdditionalParameter(propertyName)) {
value = boundSql.getAdditionalParameter(propertyName);
} else if (parameterObject == null) {
value = null;
} else if (typeHandlerRegistry.hasTypeHandler(parameterObject.getClass())) {
value = parameterObject;
} else {
MetaObject metaObject = configuration.newMetaObject(parameterObject);
value = metaObject.getValue(propertyName);
}
cacheKey.update(value);
}
}
if (configuration.getEnvironment() != null) {
// issue #176
cacheKey.update(configuration.getEnvironment().getId());
}
return cacheKey;
}
2.3 一级缓存清除
在执行update,commit,或者rollback操作的时候都会进行清除缓存操作,所有的缓存都将失效。
@Override
public int update(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter) throws SQLException {
ErrorContext.instance().resource(ms.getResource()).activity("executing an update").object(ms.getId());
if (closed) {
throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed.");
}
// 清除一级缓存
clearLocalCache();
return doUpdate(ms, parameter);
}
3. 二级缓存
一级缓存的作用范围是SqlSession级别的,但是SqlSession是单线程的,不同线程间的操作会有一些脏数据的问题。二级缓存的范围更大,是Mapper级别的缓存,因此不同sqlSession间可以共享缓存。
3.1 二级缓存开启
- 开启二级缓存需要配置
cacheEnabled
为true,这个属性默认为true。
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
- 在需要进行开启二级缓存的mapper中新增cache配置,cache配置有很多属性。
-
type : 缓存实现类,默认是PerpetualCache,也可以是第三方缓存的实现
-
size:最多缓存对象的个数
-
eviction:缓存回收策略,默认是LRU
LRU:最近最少使用策略,回收最长时间不被使用的缓存
FIFO:先进先出策略,回收最新进入的缓存
SOFT - 软引用:移除基于垃圾回收器状态和软引用规则的对象
WEAK - 弱引用:更积极地移除基于垃圾收集器状态和弱引用规则的对象 -
flushInterval:缓存刷新的间隔时间,默认是不刷新的
-
readOnly : 是否只读,true 只会进行读取操作,修改操作交由用户处理
false 可以进行读取操作,也可以进行修改操作
<cache type="org.apache.ibatis.cache.impl.PerpetualCache"
size="1024"
eviction="LRU"
flushInterval="120000"
readOnly="false"/>
- 也可以对单个Statement标签进行关闭和开启操作,通过配置
useCache="true"
来开启缓存
<select id="selectByPrimaryKey" parameterType="java.lang.Long"
resultMap="BaseResultMap" useCache="true">
select
<include refid="Base_Column_List" />
from t_test_user
where id = #{id,jdbcType=BIGINT}
</select>
3.2 二级缓存存取
二级缓存是Mapper级别的缓存,因此SqlSession是不可以管理的,我们再把目光转向Executor,Executor在介绍的时候涉及到了CachingExecutor,在Configuration创建Executor的时候,如果开启了二级缓存,就使用到了CachingExecutor进行了包装。
// Configuration
public Executor newExecutor(Transaction transaction, ExecutorType executorType) {
executorType = executorType == null ? defaultExecutorType : executorType;
executorType = executorType == null ? ExecutorType.SIMPLE : executorType;
Executor executor;
if (ExecutorType.BATCH == executorType) {
executor = new BatchExecutor(this, transaction);
} else if (ExecutorType.REUSE == executorType) {
executor = new ReuseExecutor(this, transaction);
} else {
executor = new SimpleExecutor(this, transaction);
}
// 是否开启了二级缓存
if (cacheEnabled) {
executor = new CachingExecutor(executor);
}
// 创建插件对象
executor = (Executor) interceptorChain.pluginAll(executor);
return executor;
}
CachingExecutor 中只有两个成员变量,其中一个就是TransactionalCacheManager用来管理缓存。
// 1. 委托执行器,也就是被包装的三种执行器的中的一种
private final Executor delegate;
// 2. 缓存管理类,用来管理TransactionalCache
private final TransactionalCacheManager tcm = new TransactionalCacheManager();
TransactionalCacheManager 结构也比较简单,内部也维护着一个HashMap缓存,其中TransactionalCache实现了Cache接口。
public class TransactionalCacheManager {
// 缓存,TransactionalCache实现了Cache接口
private final Map<Cache, TransactionalCache> transactionalCaches = new HashMap<>();
public void clear(Cache cache) {
getTransactionalCache(cache).clear();
}
public Object getObject(Cache cache, CacheKey key) {
return getTransactionalCache(cache).getObject(key);
}
public void putObject(Cache cache, CacheKey key, Object value) {
getTransactionalCache(cache).putObject(key, value);
}
// 提交
public void commit() {
for (TransactionalCache txCache : transactionalCaches.values()) {
txCache.commit();
}
}
// 回滚
public void rollback() {
for (TransactionalCache txCache : transactionalCaches.values()) {
txCache.rollback();
}
}
// 获取缓存
private TransactionalCache getTransactionalCache(Cache cache) {
return transactionalCaches.computeIfAbsent(cache, TransactionalCache::new);
}
}
二级缓存的的存取过程是怎么样的呢,我们可以看看CachingExecutor的query方法。如果Statement标签配置了开启缓存,则从缓存中去取,否则执行执行一级缓存的查询逻辑。如果开启了缓存,则先从二级缓存中查找,如果命中直接返回,否则执行一级缓存的逻辑。因此当二级缓存开启时,优先从二级缓存中查找,再去从一级缓存中查找,最后从数据库查找。
// CachingExecutor
@Override
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql)
throws SQLException {
// 获取二级缓存配置标签
Cache cache = ms.getCache();
if (cache != null) {
// select标签是否配置了flushCache属性
flushCacheIfRequired(ms);
// 如果select标签配置了useCache属性
if (ms.isUseCache() && resultHandler == null) {
// 二级缓存不能缓存输出类型的参数
ensureNoOutParams(ms, boundSql);
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
// 获取二级缓存
List<E> list = (List<E>) tcm.getObject(cache, key);
if (list == null) {
// 如果二级缓存为空,则再去查询一级缓存,如果一级缓存也没命中,则查询数据库放到缓存中
list = delegate.query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
// 二级缓存存储时先保存在临时属性中,等事务提交再保存到真实的二级缓存
// 缓存在一个中间变量
tcm.putObject(cache, key, list); // issue #578 and #116
}
return list;
}
}
// 没开启缓存
return delegate.query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}
3.3 二级缓存清除
清空缓存也是在执行更新操作的时候进行删除缓存
@Override
public int update(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject) throws SQLException {
// 清空缓存
flushCacheIfRequired(ms);
// 调用实际执行器的update方法
return delegate.update(ms, parameterObject);
}
4. 例子
接下来我们将以两个例子来更加清晰的介绍下一级缓存和二级缓存
4.1 一级缓存
一级缓存是SqlSession级别的缓存,如果用同一个sql执行两次相同的sql,第一次会执行查询打印sql,第二次则是直接从缓存中去获取,不会打印sql,从日志可以看出来只打印了一次sql,说明第二次是从缓存中获取的。
先将二级缓存关闭
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="false"/>
然后执行两次相同的语句
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. 读取配置
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
// 2. 创建SqlSessionFactory工厂
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
// 3. 获取sqlSession
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(ExecutorType.SIMPLE);
// 4. 获取Mapper
TTestUserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TTestUserMapper.class);
// 5. 执行接口方法
TTestUser user = userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(1000L);
TTestUser user1 = userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(1000L);
// 6. 提交事物
sqlSession.commit();
// 7. 关闭资源
sqlSession.close();
inputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e){
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
最后打印了一次sql,说明第二次是从缓存中获取的
16:37:33.088 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Opening JDBC Connection
16:37:35.027 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Created connection 1995250556.
16:37:35.028 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@76ed1b7c]
16:37:35.050 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Preparing: select id, member_id, real_name, nickname, date_create, date_update, deleted from t_test_user where id = ?
16:37:35.108 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Parameters: 1000(Long)
16:37:35.171 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - <== Total: 1
16:37:35.174 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@76ed1b7c]
16:37:35.191 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@76ed1b7c]
16:37:35.191 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Returned connection 1995250556 to pool.
因为是SqlSession级别的,如果不同的SqlSession级别的执行相同的sql,应该互不影响,应该会打印两次sql,我们将上面的代码稍微修改下
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. 读取配置
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
// 2. 创建SqlSessionFactory工厂
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
// 3. 获取sqlSession
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(ExecutorType.SIMPLE);
// 4. 获取Mapper
TTestUserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TTestUserMapper.class);
// 5. 执行接口方法
TTestUser user = userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(1000L);
// 开启新的sqlSession
SqlSession sqlSession2 = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
TTestUserMapper userMapper2 = sqlSession2.getMapper(TTestUserMapper.class);
TTestUser user2 = userMapper2.selectByPrimaryKey(1000L);
// 6. 提交事物
sqlSession.commit();
// 7. 关闭资源
sqlSession.close();
inputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e){
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
打印了两次sql,证明了一级缓存是SqlSession的级别的,不同的SqlSession间不能共享缓存。
16:44:06.871 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Opening JDBC Connection
16:44:08.297 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Created connection 34073107.
16:44:08.297 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@207ea13]
16:44:08.316 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Preparing: select id, member_id, real_name, nickname, date_create, date_update, deleted from t_test_user where id = ?
16:44:08.365 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Parameters: 1000(Long)
16:44:08.447 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - <== Total: 1
16:44:08.448 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Opening JDBC Connection
16:44:08.717 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Created connection 1527254842.
16:44:08.718 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@5b080f3a]
16:44:08.740 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Preparing: select id, member_id, real_name, nickname, date_create, date_update, deleted from t_test_user where id = ?
16:44:08.741 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Parameters: 1000(Long)
16:44:08.764 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - <== Total: 1
16:44:08.764 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@207ea13]
16:44:08.788 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@207ea13]
16:44:08.789 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Returned connection 34073107 to pool.
4.1 二级缓存
先开启二级缓存
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
然后对应的mapper中开启缓存
<select id="selectByPrimaryKey" parameterType="java.lang.Long"
resultMap="BaseResultMap" useCache="true">
select
<include refid="Base_Column_List" />
from t_test_user
where id = #{id,jdbcType=BIGINT}
</select>
<cache type="org.apache.ibatis.cache.impl.PerpetualCache"
size="1024"
eviction="LRU"
flushInterval="120000"
readOnly="false"/>
复用上面的代码,我们看看不同SqlSession间是否能够共享缓存。
发现还是打印了2次sql,说明缓存没生效,配置都配置正确了,会有其它原因吗
16:56:34.043 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Opening JDBC Connection
16:56:35.278 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Created connection 316335490.
16:56:35.279 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@12dae582]
16:56:35.292 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Preparing: select id, member_id, real_name, nickname, date_create, date_update, deleted from t_test_user where id = ?
16:56:35.341 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Parameters: 1000(Long)
16:56:35.386 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - <== Total: 1
16:56:35.387 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper - Cache Hit Ratio [com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper]: 0.0
16:56:35.387 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Opening JDBC Connection
16:56:35.544 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Created connection 375074687.
16:56:35.544 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@165b2f7f]
16:56:35.560 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Preparing: select id, member_id, real_name, nickname, date_create, date_update, deleted from t_test_user where id = ?
16:56:35.560 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Parameters: 1000(Long)
16:56:35.571 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - <== Total: 1
16:56:35.583 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@12dae582]
16:56:35.602 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@12dae582]
16:56:35.602 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Returned connection 316335490 to pool.
再看看CachingExecutor中的query方法,有这一行代码
// CachingExecutor
// 二级缓存存储时先保存在临时属性中,等事务提交再保存到真实的二级缓存
tcm.putObject(cache, key, list); // issue #578 and #116
再看看CachingExecutor的commit方法,在commit的时候才会将缓存放到真正的缓存中,这样做的目的就是为了防止不通SqlSession间的脏读,一个SqlSession读取了另一个SqlSession还未提交的数据。
@Override
public void commit(boolean required) throws SQLException {
delegate.commit(required);
tcm.commit();
}
接下来修改上述代码为如下
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
// 1. 读取配置
InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatis-config.xml");
// 2. 创建SqlSessionFactory工厂
SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(inputStream);
// 3. 获取sqlSession
SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(ExecutorType.SIMPLE);
// 4. 获取Mapper
TTestUserMapper userMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(TTestUserMapper.class);
// 5. 执行接口方法
TTestUser user = userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(1000L);
sqlSession.commit();
// 开启新的sqlSession
SqlSession sqlSession2 = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
TTestUserMapper userMapper2 = sqlSession2.getMapper(TTestUserMapper.class);
TTestUser user2 = userMapper2.selectByPrimaryKey(1000L);
sqlSession2.commit();
// 7. 关闭资源
sqlSession.close();
sqlSession2.close();
inputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e){
log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
}
}
第一次查询提交了事务后,第二次直接命中了缓存,从而印证了事务提交才会将查询结果放到缓存中。
17:08:20.993 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper - Cache Hit Ratio [com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper]: 0.0
17:08:21.011 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Opening JDBC Connection
17:08:22.568 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Created connection 316335490.
17:08:22.568 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@12dae582]
17:08:22.589 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Preparing: select id, member_id, real_name, nickname, date_create, date_update, deleted from t_test_user where id = ?
17:08:22.643 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - ==> Parameters: 1000(Long)
17:08:22.692 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey - <== Total: 1
17:08:22.706 [main] DEBUG com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper - Cache Hit Ratio [com.example.demo.dao.TTestUserMapper]: 0.5
17:08:22.707 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@12dae582]
17:08:22.733 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction - Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@12dae582]
17:08:22.733 [main] DEBUG org.apache.ibatis.datasource.pooled.PooledDataSource - Returned connection 316335490 to pool.
5. 总结
- MyBatis 中包含一级缓存和二级缓存,一级缓存的作用范围是SqlSession级别的,二级缓存是Mapper级别的。
- MyBatis 中的一级缓存和二级缓存都是默认开启的,不过二级缓存还要额外在mapper和statement中配置缓存属性
- 一级缓存和二级缓存适用于读多写少的场景,如果频繁的更新数据,将降低查询性能。
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