人类最顶尖的科学家们，他们是怎么看待信仰的？

我们一起来听听人类最顶尖的科学家们，他们是怎么看待信仰的？相信很多是你没有看到过的。

“所有现代科学史学家都会拒绝

科学与宗教阵营在历史上相分离和对立的想法。”

The idea that scientific and religious camps have historically been separated and antagonistic is rejected by all modern historians of science.

— Lawrence Principe

约翰·霍普金斯大学科学、医学和技术史学教授

1473-1543

哥白尼Nicolaus Copernicus，构建了哥白尼宇宙模型。

“认识上帝伟大的创造，领悟上帝的智慧、威严和能力，欣赏上帝的大能祂那奇妙律法的作为，这一切对至高者而言，必定是一种可喜悦可悦纳的敬拜方式，对祂而言知识比无知更可喜。”

“To know the mighty works of God, to comprehend His wisdom and majesty and power; to appreciate, in degree, the wonderful workings of His laws, surely all this must be a pleasing and acceptable mode of worship to the Most High, to whom ignorance cannot be more grateful than knowledge.”

1546-1601

第谷·布拉赫Tycho Brahe，最后一位裸眼观测天文学家，开普勒后来使用了他汇编的天文数据。

“那些研究星星的人有上帝做他们的老师。”

“Those who study the stars have God for a teacher”

1548-1600

布鲁诺Giordano Bruno, 数学家，天文学家，多米尼修道院的修道士，第一个认识到恒星类似于遥远的太阳，拥有它们自己的行星。

“因此，上帝的伟大得以彰显，祂国度的伟大得以显明；不单只有一个太阳荣耀祂，有无数个太阳荣耀祂；不单只有一个地球、一个世界荣耀祂，而是数以万计，不计其数的世界在荣耀祂。”

“Thus, is the excellence of God magnified and the greatness of his kingdom made manifest; he is glorified not in one, but in countless suns; not in a single earth, a single world, but in a thousand thousand, I say in an infinity of worlds.“

1561-1626

培根Francis Bacon，哲学家；科学家；经验主义之父；科学方法的哲学先驱。

“略懂哲学使人的心灵倾向无神，但深究哲学则使人的心灵靠近宗教。”

“A little philosophy inclines man's mand to atheism. But depth in philosophy brings men's minds to religion.”

1564-1642

伽利略Galileo Galilei，现代观测天文学之父。

“当我反思人所掌握、探求和成就的诸多奇妙之事，我更清楚地认识到人类的智慧是上帝的作品，也是其最优秀的作品之一。”

“When I reflect on so many profoundly marvelous things that persons have grasped, sought, and done. I recognize even more clearly that human intelligence is a work of God and one of the most excellent."

1571-1630

开普勒Johannes Kepler，数学家，天文学家，因他提出的行星运动定律闻名。

“既然我们天文学家都是自然之书的最高神的祭司，那么我们满脑子所想的不应是我们自己头脑的荣耀，而应该首先是上帝的荣耀。”

“Since we astronomers are priests of the highest God in regard to the book of nature, it befits us to be thoughtful, not of the glory of our minds, but rather, above all else of the glory of god.”

1578-1657

威廉·哈维William Harvey，医生，率先全面描述了人类的血液循环规律。

“检查动物尸体一直是我的乐趣所在。我想我们不但可以洞察大自然中较浅的奥秘，还能看见全能造物主自身的形象或反射。”

“The examination of the bodies of animals has always been my delight; and I have thought that we might thence not only obtain an insight into the lighter mysteries of nature, but there perceive a kind of image or reflex of the omnipotent creator himself.”

1596-1650

笛卡尔Rene Descartes，数学家，哲学家科学家，现代哲学之父，解析几何之父。著有光学、解剖学和心理学方面的一些早期文本。

“我清楚地看到，所有知识的确定性和真实性完全取决于我是否认识真正的上帝，以至于在我意识到祂之前，我无法真正了解其他任何事物。”

“I see plainly that the certainty and truth of all knowledge depends uniquely on my awareness of the true god to such an extent that I was incapable of perfect knowledge about anything else until I became aware of him.”

1623-1662

帕斯卡Blaise Pascal，数学家、物理学家、哲学家，概率论的先驱。

“有两类人可以称为理性的：一类人全心全意地事奉上帝，因为他们认识上帝；另一类人一心寻求祂，因为他们不认识祂。”

“There are two kinds of people one can call reasonable: those who serve god with all their heart because they know him, and those who seek him with all their heart because they do not know him.”

1627-1691

波义耳Robert Boyle，现代化学之父。

“天体的浩瀚、美丽和有序，动植物的精妙结构，以及自然的其他现象都将合理地促使一个无偏见的观察者得出结论：存在一位至高、有能、公义和良善的作者。”

“The vastness, beauty and orderliness of heavenly bodies the excellent structure of animals and plants and other phenomena of nature justly induce an intelligent, unprejudiced observer to conclude a supreme, powerful, just and good author.”

1632-1723

安东尼·范·列文虎克Antonie van Leeuwenhoek，微生物学之父，第一位观察和描述微生物的科学家。

“没有更好的方式能使我们荣耀宇宙的主宰和创造者。在一切事物中，无论它们在我们的肉眼中显得多么渺小，它们已经获得了生命的礼物和增长的力量。我们怀着极大的敬佩之情，默想祂的全知与完美的彰显。”

“We cannot in any better manner glorify the lord and creator of the universe than that. In all things, how small forever they appear to our naked eyes, which yet have received the gift of life and power of increase. We contemplate the display of his omniscience and perfections with the utmost admiration.”

1643-1727

牛顿Isaac Newton，物理学家、数学家；发现微积分；以他的三大运动定律而闻名；被许多人视为历史上最伟大的科学家。

“无神论对人类而言是如此毫无意义且可憎，以至于它从未有过大批认信者。”

Atheism is so senseless and odious to mankind that it never had many professors.

1707-1778

卡尔·林耐Carl Linnaeus，植物学家，动物学家，现代分类学之父，现代生态学先驱。

“在神学上，人类被理解为造物在地球上的最终目的，是全能者的杰作，通过智慧理性的力量来认世界，通过他的感官得出结论。正是在祂的作品中，人类认识到伟大的造物主、无所不知的、无法衡量的永恒上帝，并学习在祂的统管下道德地生活。”

“Theologically, man is to be understood as the final purpose of the creation placed on the globe as the masterpiece of the works of omnipotence contemplating the world by virtue of sapient reason, forming conclusions by means of his senses. It is in his works that man recognizes the almighty creator, the all-knowing, immeasurable and eternal God，learning to live morally under his rule.”

1733-1804

约瑟夫·普里斯特利Joseph Priestley，化学家，哲学家，神学家。氧气的发现者。著有电学和光学方面的文本。

“若不遇到无法解释的困难，人的思想永远无法思考上帝的存在、完美和天意。如果任何人因这些困难而气馁，就应该考虑通过拒绝所有宗教（不论是自然的还是启示的）来疏导自己，如果他进行反思，他就会发现他已经悲惨地欺骗了自己，而且比以往任何时候都更加困惑。”

“The mind of man will never be able to contemplate the being, perfections, and providence of God without meeting with inexplicable difficulties. If any person discouraged by these difficulties, should think to relieve himself by rejecting all religion, Natural and revealed, he will find if he reflect at all, that he has miserably deceived himself. And that he is involved in greater perplexity than ever.”

1749-1823

爱德华·詹纳Edward Jenner，医生，免疫学之父。研发出第一种疫苗（天花）。在人类在历史中，他比任何其他人挽救了更多生命。

“人们感谢我并不令我惊讶，但我好奇他们是否感谢上帝，因为祂正是通过我来给予我的同胞们。”

“I am not surprised that men are thankful to me. But I wonder that they are grateful to God for the good which he has made me the instrument of conveying to my fellow creatures.“

1766-1844

约翰·道尔顿John Dalton，化学家，气象学家，物理学家。现代原子理论先驱。提出了分压公式，也被称为道尔顿定律。

“他们提到我是贵格会基督徒了吗？”

“Did they mention that I'm Quaker?”

1791-1867

法拉第Michael Faraday，物理学家，化学家，发明家。电磁学之父。发现了苯，“法拉第Farad” （电容单位）以他的名字命名。

“我们所读的自然之书是上帝的手指写就。”

“The book of nature which we have to read is written by the finger of god.”

1809-1882

达尔文Charles Darwin，地质学家， 生物学家。博物学家。进化论的先驱。

“问题在于...... 宇宙是否存在创造者和统治者…过去一些最伟大的知识分子们所给出的回答是肯定的。”

“The question… whether there exists a creator and ruler of the universe… Has been answered in the affirmative by some of the highest intellects that have ever existed.”

1627-1691

约翰·威廉·德雷伯John William Draper，化学家，医生，摄影师。著名的反天主教者。开创了科学与宗教之间相斗争的互动模式，以此来进攻天主教，尽管受到了现代科学史学家所讽刺；他的著作《宗教与科学冲突史》极具影响力。

“宗教必须放弃那种激烈的、长期反对科学的蛮横地位。”

“Religion must relinquish that imperious, that domineering position which she has so long maintained against science.”

1818-1889

焦耳James Joule，物理学家，热力学的先驱，焦耳（能量单位）以他的名字命名。

“很明显，认识自然法则，与认识法则中所表达的上帝之意念，同等重要。”

“It is evident that an acquaintance with natural laws means no less than an acquaintance with the mind of God therein expressed.”

1822-1884

格雷戈·门德尔Gregor Mendel，现代遗传之父，提出了孟德尔遗传定律。

“你好。我是一名奥古斯丁修会的修道士，我的实验是在圣托马斯的修道院的花园里进行的。这么说是不是已经够了？”

“Hi. I’m an Augustinian friar and I performed my experiments in the garden of st. Thomas's monastery. Enough said?”

1822-1895

路易斯·巴斯德Louis Pasteur，化学家，微生物学家，细菌学的先驱。

“总有一天，后人将会嘲笑现代唯物主义哲学家的愚蠢。我越研究大自然，越惊叹造物主的工作。我在实验室工作时祈祷。”

“Posterity will one day laugh at the foolishness of modern materialistic philosophers. The more I study nature, the more I stand amazed at the work of the Creator. I pray while I am engaged at my work in the laboratory.”

1824-1907

开尔文勋爵Lord Kelvin，工程师，发明家，物理学家;热力学先锋。绝对温标，即卡氏温标（Kelvin Scale），以他的名字命名。

“我相信，科学研究的越彻底，它将越带领我们远离任何类似无神论的东西。”

“I believe that the more thoroughly science is studied, the further does it take us from anything comparable to atheism.”

1831-1879

詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克斯韦James Clerk Maxwell，物理学家;电磁学的先驱;麦克斯韦方程组的重要性与牛顿和爱因斯坦的方程相当。

“我认为科学家和其他人都需要向基督学习。我认为那些具有科学头脑的基督徒必然会研究科学，他们将在能力所及的范围看见上帝的荣耀。”

“I think that men of science as well as other men need to learn from Christ. And I think that Christians whose minds are scientific are bound to study science that this view of the glory of God may be as extensive as their being is capable of.”

1832-1918

安德鲁·迪克森·怀特Andrew Dickson White，历史学家，政治家；1865年创立康奈尔大学；在建立没有宗教信仰的康奈尔大学而受到广泛批评之后，他于1896年发表了一本题为《基督教国家中科学与神学之战》的书，捍卫德雷珀的战争模型（现代学者普遍拒绝的模型）。

“我意识到一种真正的难题：神学和科学宇宙观，以及，与此观念相关的教育，之间的对立。”

“There was borne in upon me a sense of the real difficulty-the antagonism between the theological and scientific view of the universe and of education in relation to it.”

1847-1931

托马斯 ·爱迪生Tomas Edison，发明家，持有1000多项美国专利

“我不相信神学家的上帝，但我并不怀疑存在一种至高无上的智慧。”

“I do not believe in the God of the theologians；but that there is a supreme intelligence I do not doubt.”

1856-1943

特斯拉Nikola Tesla，工程师，物理学家，发明家，“特斯拉 Tesla”（磁通密度单位）以他的名字命名。

“头脑力量的恩赐来自上帝这一神圣的存在，如果我们将注意力集中在那一真理，我们便能与这一伟大的力量相协调。”

“The gift of mental power comes from God, divine being, and if we concentrate our minds on that truth, we become in tune with this great power.”

1958-1947

马克斯·普朗克Max Planck，物理学家；量子理论的先锋。获得1918年诺贝尔物理学奖

“宗教和自然科学正并肩作战，这是场永不停息、永不放松的十字军东征，敌人是怀疑论和独断论。敌人是不信和迷信。而这场斗争中的战斗口号一直是，也将永远都是：‘为了上帝！’ ”

“Religion and natural science are fighting a joint battle in an incessant, never relaxing crusade against skepticism and against dogmatism. Against disbelief and against superstition, and the rallying cry in this crusade has always been, and always will be: ‘On to god! ’ ”

1627-1691

居里夫人Marie Curie，化学家，物理学家；发现了两种元素 （钋和镭）;获得1903年诺贝尔物理学奖；获得1911年诺贝尔化学奖

“皮埃尔不属于任何宗教，我也没有任何宗教信仰。”

“Pierre belonged to no religion and I did not practice any.”

1879-1955

爱因斯坦Albert Einstein，物理学家，发展了广义相对论，世界上最著名的等式。

“在宇宙如此的和谐之中（凭借我有限的人类思维所能发现的），竟有人说上帝不存在。但真正令我生气的是他们引用我的话来支持这些观点。”

“In view of such harmony in the cosmos which I, with my limited human mind, am able to recognize, there are yet people who say there is no God. But what really makes me angry is that they quote me for support of such views.”

1885-1962

玻尔Niels Bohr，物理学家，哲学家，因他对原子结构的研究获得1922年诺贝尔奖。

“历代以来，宗教借由图像、比喻和悖论传讲信息，这一事实仅仅意味着没有其他方式能够传达它们所指向的现实。但这并不意味着它不是真正的现实。”

“The fact that religions through the ages have spoken in images, parables, and paradoxes means simply that there are no other ways of grasping the reality to which they refer. But that does not mean that it is not a genuine reality.”

1901-1976

沃纳·海森堡Werner Heisenberg，物理学家，以不确定性原理而闻名，因量子力学方面的创始工作获得1932年诺贝尔奖。

“如果没有任何指导思想指引道路，价值体系就会消失，随之而逝的还有我们行为和痛苦的意义，最终只剩下否定和绝望。宗教是伦理的基础，而伦理是生命的前提。”

“Where no guiding ideals are left to point the way, the scale of values disappears and with it the meaning of our deeds and sufferings, and at the end can lie only negation and despair. Religion is therefore the foundation of ethics, and ethics the presupposition of life.”

1916-2004

弗朗西斯·克里克Francis Crick，生物物理学家，分子生物学家，神经科学家，共同发现了DNA的分子结构，获得1962年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

“我不尊重基督教信仰。我觉得它们是荒谬的。如果我们可以摆脱它们，我们就更容易着手去解决严肃问题，试着弄清世界是怎么回事。”

“I do not respect Christian beliefs. I think they are ridiculous. If we could get rid of them, we could more easily get down to the serious problem of trying to find out what the world is all about.”

1916-2004

莫里斯·威尔金斯Maurice Wilkins，分子生物学家，物理学家。因为他对DNA结构的发现所做的贡献，与Watson和Crick共同获得1962年的诺贝尔奖。

“宗教与科学之间的联系在科学史上举足轻重......在其他时候，人们可以非常清楚地看到科学与宗教之间的联系。例如，十七世纪基督新教的兴起。”

“The connections between religion and science have been very big in the history of science… in other times one could see very clearly the connections between science and religion as. For example. In the seventeenth century with the rise of Protestantism.”

1918-1988

费曼Richard Feynman ，物理学家，量子电动力学的先驱，获得1965年诺贝尔物理学奖。

“在我看来，西方文明建立两个伟大的遗产之上。一个是冒险的科学精神......另一个伟大的遗产是基督教伦理。”

“Western civilization. It seems to me. Stands by two great heritages. One is the scientific spirit of adventure… the other great heritage is Christian ethics.”

1926-2010

艾伦·桑德奇Allan Sandage，天文学家，发现了第一个类星体，计算了用于估算宇宙年龄的哈勃常数。

“正是我的科学使我得出的结论：世界要远比科学所解释的复杂得多。只有通过超自然，我才能理解存在的奥秘。”

“It was my science that drove me to the conclusion that the world is much more complicated than can be explained by science. It is only through the supernatural that I can understand the mystery of existence.”

1928-

詹姆斯·沃森James Watson，遗传学家，分子生物学家，动物学家。共同发现了DNA的分子结构；获得1962年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖

“我从没见过上帝的证据。因此我不会考虑存在这么一个上帝。”

“I've seen no evidence of a God. So I’m not going to think about one.”

1933-

史蒂文·温伯格Steven Weinberg，物理学家。因他对基本粒子之间统一的弱电磁相互作用理论的贡献而获得1979年诺贝尔奖。

“我认为世界需要从其长期的宗教信仰噩梦中醒来。我们科学家所能做的就是采取一切措施来削弱宗教的控制，而这实际上可能是我们对文明所能做的最大贡献。”

“I think the world needs to wake up from its long nightmare of religious belief. And anything that we scientists can do to weaken the hold of religion should be done, and may in fact be our greatest contribution to civilization.”

1933-

阿诺·彭齐亚斯Arno Penzias，天文学家。物理学家，发现支持大爆炸模型的宇宙微波背景辐射，获1978年诺贝尔物理学奖。

“天文学引领我们走向一个独特的事件。一个无中生有的宇宙。这一宇宙具有非常微妙的平衡，借以提供生命存活所需的特定条件，这一宇宙具有潜在的（可以说是“超自然的”）计划。”

“Astronomy leads us to a unique event. A universe which was created out of nothing. One with the very delicate balance needed to provide exactly the conditions required to permit life, and one which has an underlying (one might say “Supernatural) plan.”

1942-2018

斯蒂芬·霍金Stephen hawking，宇宙学家，物理学家，畅销书《时间简史》的作者。

“我们每个人都可以自由地相信我们想要的东西，而我的观点是，没有上帝存在是最简单的解释。没有谁创造宇宙，没有谁主宰我们的命运。”

“We are each free to believe what we want and it is my view that the simplest explanation is here is no God. No one created the universe and no one directs our fate.”

1950-

弗朗西斯·柯林斯Francis Collins，遗传学家，医生，人类基因组计划主任。

“对我来说，经历人类基因组测序并发掘它最不可思议的结构，既是令人惊叹的科学成就，也是一种敬拜。”

“For me the experience of sequencing the human genome and uncovering this most remarkable of all texts, was both a stunning scientific achievement and an occasion of worship.”

整个20世纪，72.5%的诺贝尔化学奖得主是基督徒；65.3%的诺贝尔物理学奖得主是基督徒。