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负载均衡

负载均衡

作者: 挑战_bae7 | 来源:发表于2021-01-29 11:15 被阅读0次

    1. 虚拟IP地址 VIP 配置4种方法

    yum install net-tools -y
ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.199.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
ifconfig eth0:1 down

    ip addr add 192.168.199.3/24 dev eth0
ip addr del 192.168.199.3/24 dev eth0

    [root@vip1 ~]# cat  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0:1
DEVICE="eth0:1"
NAME="eth0:1"
IPADDR=192.168.199.5
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
systemctl restart network

    [root@vip1 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
TYPE=Ethernet
PROXY_METHOD=none
BROWSER_ONLY=no
BOOTPROTO=none
DEFROUTE=yes
IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes
IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no
IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy
NAME=eth0
UUID=48635c6d-a8ef-4a3c-80b2-b36b77553f27
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
IPV6_PRIVACY=no
IPADDR=192.168.199.30
IPADDR1=192.168.199.6  ##添加这行 IPADDR1
PREFIX=24
GATEWAY=192.168.199.1
DNS1=192.168.199.1

    2. LVS

    角色 IP地址 操作系统 VIP 配置
    vip1 192.168.199.30 centos7.x 192.168.199.2 ipvsadm、vip
    vip2 192.168.199.31 centos7.x 192.168.199.2 nginx、vip、arp抑制
    vip3 192.168.199.32 centos7.x 192.168.199.2 nginx、vip、arp抑制

    2.1 lvs dr模式 直接路由模式 需要配置arp抑制 外网请求通过lvs，真实服务器进行回应

    dr模式直接修改目的mac把请求传递给后端真实服务器，负载均衡器和真实服务器要在同一个局域网
    dr模式下后端服务器也需要具有vip，后端服务器vip只是用来处理请求。负载均衡器vip用来提供服务三台服务器都需要配置同一个vip，这个就比较麻烦了，容易造成ip冲突的问题

    cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo <<EOF
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/\$releasever/\$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key
module_hotfixes=true
EOF
yum install nginx -y
systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disabled firewalld
echo `hostname` >/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

    arp 抑制
cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore=1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore=1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce=2
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce=2
EOF
sysctl -p
修改回来正常
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore=0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_ignore=0
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce=0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.arp_announce=0
sysctl -a |grep arp_ignore 查询全部
arp_ignore配置为1
arp请求当目的地址是配置在接收网卡的才会响应
arp_announce配置为2
发送arp请求时选用配置在发送网卡的地址

    vip配置
ifconfig lo:1 192.168.199.2 netmask 255.255.255.255 up

    安装ipvs
yum install -y ipvsadm
ipvsadm --help
   -l   列出负载负载均衡规则
   -n   不进行dns解析，通过-ln连用
   -C   清除所有的规则
   -A   添加一个虚拟服务器
   -a   添加一个真实服务器
   -S   保存规则
   -R   恢复规则
   -t  TCP协议
   -D 删除
[root@vip1 ~]# ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.199.2:80 -s rr
[root@vip1 ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.199.2:80 -r 192.168.199.31:80 -g -w 1
[root@vip1 ~]# ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.199.2:80 -r 192.168.199.32:80 -g -w 1
部署说明 端口必须都一样 不然不起效果
ipvsadm -A中：-s代表使用哪个负载均衡算法
rr: 代表轮循算法
wrr: 代表加权轮循
lc: 代表最小连接
wlc: 代表加权最小连接
sh: 代表源地址hash分配
ipvsadm -a中：-g代表dr模式、-m代表nat模式、-i代表tun模式
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.199.2
vip3
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.199.2
vip2

    其他算法配置
ipvsadm -C 清空规则
ipvsadm -Sn 输出当前规则
ipvsadm -Sn >/tmp/ipvs保存到文件中
cat /root/ipvs |ipvsadm -R 导入配置

ipvsadm -A中：-s代表使用哪个负载均衡算法
rr: 代表轮循算法   ---按照顺序轮询
wrr: 代表加权轮循 ---加权重
lc: 代表最小连接  ---那个最小连接 下次就是那个
wlc: 代表加权最小连接 ---在最小连接按照权重
sh: 代表源地址hash分配   ---第一次ip地址访问那个 以后都是那个

加权负载均衡算法实战，验证
ipvsadm -C
ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.199.2:80 -s wrr
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.199.2:80 -r 192.168.199.31:80 -g -w 4
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.199.2:80 -r 192.168.199.32:80 -g -w 1

最小连接数算法实战
ipvsadm -C
ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.199.2:22 -s lc
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.199.2:22 -r 192.168.199.31:22 -g -w 1
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.199.2:22 -r 192.168.199.32:22 -g -w 1

源地址hash算法实战
ipvsadm -C
ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.199.2:80 -s sh
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.199.2:80 -r 192.168.199.31:80 -g -w 1
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.199.2:80 -r 192.168.199.32:80 -g -w 1

    2.2 lvs nat模式

    角色 IP地址 操作系统 IP 配置
    vip1 192.168.199.30 centos7.x 172.16.1.1 ipvsadm、VIP、两块网卡、配置snat
    vip2 centos7.x 172.16.1.2 nginx 网关172.16.1.1
    vip3 centos7.x 172.16.1.3 nginx 网关172.16.1.1 
    配置ip
[root@vip1 ~]#nmcli connection add ipv4.method manual con-name ens7  ifname ens7 ipv4.addresses 172.16.1.1/24  type ethernet
[root@vip1 ~]#nmcli connection up ens7

[root@vip2 ~]# nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv4.method  manual ipv4.addresses 172.16.1.3/24 ipv4.gateway 172.16.1.1 ipv4.dns 223.5.5.5
[root@vip2 ~]# nmcli connection up eth0

[root@vip3 ~]# nmcli connection modify eth0 ipv4.method  manual ipv4.addresses 172.16.1.3/24 ipv4.gateway 172.16.1.1 ipv4.dns 223.5.5.5
[root@vip3 ~]# nmcli connection up eth0

    配置SNAT
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 172.16.1.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
[root@vip3 ~]# ping www.qq.com
PING ins-r23tsuuf.ias.tencent-cloud.net (112.53.42.52) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 112.53.42.52 (112.53.42.52): icmp_seq=1 ttl=51 time=33.1 ms

    vip配置
ifconfig lo:1 192.168.199.2 netmask 255.255.255.255 up
ipvsadm -C
ipvsadm -A -t 192.168.199.2:80 -s rr
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.199.2:80 -r 172.16.1.2:82 -m -w 1 #端口可以不一样
ipvsadm -a -t 192.168.199.2:80 -r 172.16.1.3:82 -m -w 1
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.199.2
vip2
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.199.2
vip3

    3. keepalive 使用vrrp路由协议

    https://www.keepalived.org/download.html

    角色 IP地址 操作系统 IP
    vip2 192.168.199.31 centos7.x keepalive
    vip3 192.168.199.32 centos7.x keepalive 
    yum -y install wget gcc make tar openssl openssl-devel libnl libnl-devel libnfnetlink-devel
cd /usr/local/src
wget https://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-2.2.1.tar.gz
tar -zxvf keepalived-2.2.1.tar.gz
cd keepalived-2.2.1
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
make && make install

    mv /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf{,.bak}
vrrp_instance配置，配置vip
state       配置主或者备
interface       配置vip使用的物理网卡
virtual_router_id   虚拟路由id
priority        权重配置，主的权重比备的高
advert_int  主每2s发个vrrp包，说明自己正常
authentication  认证信息
virtual_ipaddress   配置vip
主master
vim /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 31
    priority 100
    advert_int 2
    notify_master "/root/wx.py Yaohui 当前master节点是vip2"
    notify_backup "/root/wx.py Yaohui vip2服务启动"
    notify_fault "/root/wx.py Yaohui vip2切换失败"
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 666666
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.199.2/24
    }
}

    备backup
vim /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 31
    priority 99
    advert_int 2
    notify_master "/root/wx.py Yaohui 当前master节点是vip3"
    notify_backup "/root/wx.py Yaohui vip3服务启动"
    notify_fault "/root/wx.py Yaohui vip3切换失败"
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 666666
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.199.2/24
    }
}
检查配置，启动keepalived
/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -t -f /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -f /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
pkill keepalive 通过杀掉进程看看VIP漂移
root@vip3 ~]# tailf /var/log/messages
Jan 29 15:36:52 vip3 Keepalived[10447]: Command line: '/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived' '-f'
Jan 29 15:36:52 vip3 Keepalived[10447]:              '/usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'
Jan 29 15:36:52 vip3 Keepalived[10447]: Configuration file /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
Jan 29 15:36:52 vip3 Keepalived[10448]: NOTICE: setting config option max_auto_priority should result in better keepalived performance
Jan 29 15:36:52 vip3 Keepalived[10448]: Starting VRRP child process, pid=10449
Jan 29 15:36:52 vip3 Keepalived_vrrp[10449]: WARNING - default user 'keepalived_script' for script execution does not exist - please create.
Jan 29 15:36:52 vip3 Keepalived_vrrp[10449]: SECURITY VIOLATION - scripts are being executed but script_security not enabled.
Jan 29 15:36:52 vip3 Keepalived_vrrp[10449]: (VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE (init)
Jan 29 15:37:12 vip3 Keepalived_vrrp[10449]: (VI_1) Backup received priority 0 advertisement
Jan 29 15:37:12 vip3 Keepalived_vrrp[10449]: (VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE

    默认keepalive 会恢复后自动根据优先级抢占  VIP会来回漂移
主节点master 
vim /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP   ##这项改成MASTER就不会抢占
    nopreempt ##添加这项
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 31
    priority 100
    advert_int 2
    notify_master "/root/wx.py Yaohui 当前master节点是vip2"
    notify_backup "/root/wx.py Yaohui vip2服务启动"
    notify_fault "/root/wx.py Yaohui vip2切换失败"
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 666666
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.199.2/24
    }
}

    keepalived脑裂出现
pkill -9 keepalived  强制杀掉进程 相当于突然断电 
变成两台主机都有相同的VIP 
systemctl restart network 恢复 或者修复keepalive后正常
防火墙阻止vrrp协议 也会引起脑裂 排除网络问题
iptables -A INPUT -p vrrp -j DROP  
iptables -A OUTPUT -p vrrp -j DROP

    4. keepalive搭配lvs 通过端口 状态 脚本检测后端服务器

    角色 IP地址 操作系统 VIP 配置
    vip1 192.168.199.30 centos7.x 192.168.199.2 keepalive、ipvsadm
    vip2 192.168.199.31 centos7.x 192.168.199.2 nginx、vip、arp抑制
    vip3 192.168.199.32 centos7.x 192.168.199.2 nginx、vip、arp抑制

    恢复之前lvs dr模式 keepalive自身支持lvs 不需要添加规则

    4.1 keepalive 配置

    vim /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    nopreempt
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 666666
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.199.2/24
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.199.2 80 {
    delay_loop 3
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.199.31 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
        connect_port 80
        connect_timeout 6
        retry 3
        delay_before_retry 3
      }
    }
    real_server 192.168.199.32 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
        connect_port 80
        connect_timeout 6
        retry 3
        delay_before_retry 3
      }
    }
/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -f /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
keepalived+lvs的配置说明
delay_loop  健康检查的时间，正常情况下的检查间隔
lb_algo         负载均衡轮循算法wrr
lb_kind     负载均衡工作模式
real_server 配置后端真实服务器

real_server配置说明
weight  配置后端真实服务器的权重
TCP_CHECK   对后端真实服务器进行健康检测

TCP_CHECK说明
connect_port        检测端口
connect_timeout     超时时间
retry       重试次数
delay_before_retry  重试等待的时间

    检验结果：
[root@vip1 ~]# ipvsadm -ln
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
  -> RemoteAddress:Port           Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP  192.168.199.2:80 rr
  -> 192.168.199.31:80            Route   1      0          0         
  -> 192.168.199.32:80            Route   1      0          0        
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.199.2
vip2
[root@localhost ~]# curl 192.168.199.2
vip3

    cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
After=network-online.target syslog.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/run/keepalived.pid
KillMode=process
EnvironmentFile=-/usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
ExecStart=/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived \$KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS -f /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP \$MAINPID

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start keepalived

    4.2 keepalive 健康检查方式

    keepalived的三种健康检查方式
TCP_CHECK       tcp端口检测  
HTTP_GET        http接口检测  
MISC_CHECK      自定义脚本检测 

    http接口检测
HTTP_GET {
          url {
            path /index.html
            status_code 200
          }  
          connect_timeout 3
          retry 3
          delay_before_retry 3
        }

    自定义脚本检测 
MISC_CHECK {
          misc_path "/root/cs.sh 192.168.199.2"
          misc_timeout 30
        }

cat cs.sh
#!/bin/sh
serverip=$1
curl -s -m 2 http://$serverip
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
exit 0
else
exit 1
fi
chmod +x /root/cs.sh

    vim /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    nopreempt
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 666666
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.199.2/24
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.199.2 80 {
    delay_loop 3
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    protocol TCP

    real_server 192.168.199.31 80 {
        weight 1
        MISC_CHECK {
          misc_path "/root/cs.sh 192.168.199.31"
          misc_timeout 30
        }
#5. haproxy
    }
    real_server 192.168.199.32 80 {
        weight 1
         MISC_CHECK {
          misc_path "/root/cs.sh 192.168.199.32"
          misc_timeout 30

        }
      }
}

    5. haproxy

    https://www.haproxy.com/

    角色 IP地址 操作系统 配置
    vip1 192.168.199.30 centos7.x haproxy
    vip2 192.168.199.31 centos7.x nginx
    vip3 192.168.199.32 centos7.x nginx

    5.1 haproxy 编译

    useradd haproxy -s /sbin/nologin
wget https://www.haproxy.org/download/2.3/src/haproxy-2.3.4.tar.gz
tar xf haproxy-2.3.4.tar.gz
cd haproxy-2.3.4/
make TARGET=linux-glibc USE_PCRE=1 USE_OPENSSL=1 USE_ZLIB=1 PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy
make install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy
haproxy安装验证
/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -v
/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -h
-f  #指定haproxy的配置文件
-c  #检查配置文件，不启动

    参数优化
vim /etc/sysctl.conf  设置连接数
net.core.somaxconn = 10240
sysctl -p
ulimit -n 查看最大文件打开数
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
* - nofile 10240
退出当前会话重新登录 
ulimit -n  查看是否修改完成

    系统日志配置/etc/rsyslog.conf，haproxy依赖于系统日志服务
vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none;local2.none                /var/log/messages 添加local2.no
local2.*   /var/log/haproxy.log
$ModLoad imudp
$UDPServerRun 514
$AllowedSender udp, 127.0.0.1/32
systemctl restart rsyslogd
[root@vip1 haproxy]# ss -lntup |grep 514
udp    UNCONN     0      0         *:514                   *:*                   users:(("rsyslogd",pid=21799,fd=3))
udp    UNCONN     0      0      [::]:514                [::]:*                   users:(("rsyslogd",pid=21799,fd=4))

    mkdir /usr/local/haproxy/conf -p
vim /usr/local/haproxy/conf/haproxy.conf
global
    log         127.0.0.1 local2
    chroot      /usr/local/haproxy
    pidfile     /usr/local/haproxy/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     10240
    user        haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon

defaults
    mode  tcp
    log  global
    timeout client 3600s
    timeout connect 2s
    timeout server 3600s
    maxconn  10240

listen testgetcp ##名称随意
    bind 0.0.0.0:80
    balance roundrobin ##调度算法
    server tcp31 192.168.199.31:80 weight 1
    server tcp32 192.168.199.32:80 weight 1

haproxy配置讲解
timeout client      #客户端和haproxy的非活动超时
timeout connect #haproxy连接真实服务器的超时时间
timeout server      #haproxy和真实服务器的非活动超时
bind                #代表haproxy的监听设置
balance         #设置负载均衡的算法
server          #设置真实的服务器

    /usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -c -f /usr/local/haproxy/conf/haproxy.conf 检查配置
/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f /usr/local/haproxy/conf/haproxy.conf 手动启动

    systemctl 启动
cat >/usr/lib/systemd/system/haproxy.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=haproxy
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/haproxy/sbin/haproxy -f /usr/local/haproxy/conf/haproxy.conf
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
 systemctl daemon-reload
 systemctl start haproxy
curl 192.168.199.30
tailf /var/log/haproxy.log
an 30 10:05:02 localhost haproxy[21409]: Connect from 192.168.199.1:48574 to 192.168.199.30:80 (testgetcp/TCP)
Jan 30 10:05:02 localhost haproxy[21409]: Connect from 192.168.199.1:48576 to 192.168.199.30:80 (testgetcp/TCP)

    5.2 haproxy http复制均衡

    vim /usr/local/haproxy/conf/haproxy.conf
global
    log         127.0.0.1 local2
    chroot      /usr/local/haproxy
    pidfile     /usr/local/haproxy/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     10240
    user        haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon

defaults
    mode http ##修改此项
    log global
    option  forwardfor
    option httplog   ##修改此项
    timeout client 3600s
    timeout connect 2s
    timeout server 3600s
    maxconn  10240

listen httpforward
    bind 0.0.0.0:80
    balance roundrobin
    server http31 192.168.199.31:80 weight 1
    server http32 192.168.199.32:80 weight 1

curl 192.168.199.30 访问后
tailf /var/log/haproxy.log
Jan 30 10:11:11 localhost haproxy[22584]: 192.168.199.1:48632 [30/Jan/2021:10:11:11.974] httpforward httpforward/http31 0/0/0/1/1 200 207 - - ---- 1/1/0/0/0 0/0 "GET / HTTP/1.1"
Jan 30 10:11:12 localhost haproxy[22584]: 192.168.199.1:48634 [30/Jan/2021:10:11:12.980] httpforward httpforward/http32 0/0/0/0/0 200 207 - - ---- 1/1/0/0/0 0/0 "GET / HTTP/1.1"

    5.3 haproxy 负载算法

    balance roundrobin                      #动态加权轮循
balance static-rr                       #静态加权轮循
balance source hash-type map-based      #源地址hash，如果有session可以采取这种算法
balance uri len 5                       #只适用于http层负载均衡，基于uri的前5个字符，缓存
balance uri depth 2                     #只适用于http层负载均衡，基于uri的目录数
balance leastconn                       #最小连接数，haproxy需要维护和真实服务器的连接数

    5.4 haproxy 负载算法 高可用

    vim /usr/local/haproxy/conf/haproxy.conf
global
    log         127.0.0.1 local2
    chroot      /usr/local/haproxy
    pidfile     /usr/local/haproxy/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     10240
    user        haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon

defaults
    mode http
    log global
    option  forwardfor
    option httplog
    timeout client 3600s
    timeout connect 2s
    timeout server 3600s
    maxconn  10240

listen httpforward
    bind 0.0.0.0:80
    balance roundrobin
    server http31 192.168.199.31:80 weight 1 check inter 2000 fall 3 rise 3
    server http32 192.168.199.32:80 weight 1 check inter 2000 fall 3 rise 3
高可用性配置
check   #启动后端服务器健康检测
inter   #设置检测的间隔
fall        #连续3次检测失败就认为后端服务器异常，从负载均衡移出
rise        #连续3次检测成功就认为后端服务器正常，加入到负载均衡

[root@vip3 ~]# tcpdump -i any -nn 'port 80'  通过抓包发现 一直在检测后端服务器是否存活
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode
listening on any, link-type LINUX_SLL (Linux cooked), capture size 262144 bytes
10:27:23.144177 IP 192.168.199.30.51856 > 192.168.199.32.80: Flags [S], seq 39644271, win 29200, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 81483483 ecr 0,nop,wscale 7], length 0
10:27:23.144223 IP 192.168.199.32.80 > 192.168.199.30.51856: Flags [S.], seq 3196914195, ack 39644272, win 28960, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 81480204 ecr 81483483,nop,wscale 7], length 0

    haproxy的http检测
vim /usr/local/haproxy/conf/haproxy.conf
global
    log         127.0.0.1 local2
    chroot      /usr/local/haproxy
    pidfile     /usr/local/haproxy/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     10240
    user        haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon

defaults
    mode http
    log global
    option forwardfor
    option httplog
    timeout client 3600s
    timeout connect 2s
    timeout server 3600s
    maxconn  10240

listen httpforward
    bind 0.0.0.0:80
    option httpchk GET /index.html  ##添加这行
    balance roundrobin
    server http31 192.168.199.31:80 weight 1 check inter 2000 fall 3 rise 3
    server http32 192.168.199.32:80 weight 1 check inter 2000 fall 3 rise 3
通过后端服务器  haproxy 一直在访问后端 直到返回200
[root@vip3 ~]# tailf /var/log/nginx/access.log 
192.168.199.30 - - [30/Jan/2021:10:30:14 +0800] "GET /index.html HTTP/1.0" 200 5 "-" "-" "-"
192.168.199.30 - - [30/Jan/2021:10:30:16 +0800] "GET /index.html HTTP/1.0" 200 5 "-" "-" "-"

    5.5 haproxy 通过acl 实现动静分离

    global
    log         127.0.0.1 local2
    chroot      /usr/local/haproxy
    pidfile     /usr/local/haproxy/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     10240
    user        haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon

defaults
    mode http
    log global
    option  forwardfor
    option httplog
    timeout connect 2s
    timeout client 360s
    timeout server 360s
    maxconn  10240

frontend read_write
    bind 0.0.0.0:80
    acl dynamic path_beg -i /java  ##匹配
    acl dynamic path_end  -i .php ##匹配
    use_backend dynamicserver if dynamic ##匹配后动态
    default_backend staticserver

backend staticserver
    balance roundrobin
    server tcp50 192.168.199.31:80 weight 1 check inter 3000 fall 3 rise 3

backend dynamicserver
    balance roundrobin
    server tcp51 192.168.199.32:80 weight 1 check inter 3000 fall 3 rise 3

    动静分离的说明 
acl dynamic path_beg -i /action #代表以/action开头的  begin
acl dynamic path_end  -i .php       #代表以php结尾的      end

另外，动静分离也支持使用正则表达式。\.php$
acl dynamic url_reg  /shijiange[0-9]        #普通
acl dynamic url_reg  /shijiange(00|99)  #支持扩展正则

    6. Haproxy 搭配 Keepalived

    角色 IP地址 操作系统 配置
    vip1 192.168.199.30 centos7.x haproxy、keepalived
    vip2 192.168.199.31 centos7.x haproxy、keepalived
    vip3 192.168.199.32 centos7.x nginx
    vip4 192.168.199.33 centos7.x nginx

    6.1 keepalive配置

    [root@vip1 ~]# vim /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf 
vrrp_script check_haproxy
{
    script "/root/check.sh"
    interval 3
    weight -20  #检查exit 1 后优先级减去20
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 2
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 666666
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.199.2/24
    }
    track_script
    {
        check_haproxy
    }
}

    [root@vip1 ~]# vim /root/check.sh 
#!/bin/sh
curl -s -m 2 http://192.168.199.30 #vip2修改192.168.199.31
if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
  exit 0
else
  exit 1
fi

    chmod +x /root/check.sh 
systemctl start keepalived.service

    6.2 haproxy配置

    [root@vip1 ~]# vim /usr/local/haproxy/conf/haproxy.conf 
global
    log         127.0.0.1 local2
    chroot      /usr/local/haproxy
    pidfile     /usr/local/haproxy/haproxy.pid
    maxconn     10240
    user        haproxy
    group       haproxy
    daemon

defaults
    mode http
    log global
    option forwardfor
    option httplog
    timeout client 3600s
    timeout connect 2s
    timeout server 3600s
    maxconn  10240

listen httpforward
    bind 0.0.0.0:80
    option httpchk GET /index.html 
    balance roundrobin
    server http32 192.168.199.32:80 weight 1 check inter 2000 fall 3 rise 3
    server http33 192.168.199.33:80 weight 1 check inter 2000 fall 3 rise 3

    systemctl start haproxy.service
curl 192.168.199.30  测试
curl 192.168.199.31

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