ansible的ad-hoc

Ansible ad-hoc

什么是ad-hoc？

ad-hoc简而言之就是“临时命令”，执行完即结束，并不会保存

ad-hoc模式的使用场景

比如在多台机器上查看某个进程是否启动，或拷贝指定文件到本地，等等

ad-hoc模式的命令使用

#批量查看磁盘信息[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m command -a 'df -h' -i ./hostsweb02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点/dev/sda3        18G  1.1G  17G    6% /devtmpfs        981M    0  981M    0% /devtmpfs          992M    0  992M    0% /dev/shmtmpfs          992M  9.5M  982M    1% /runtmpfs          992M    0  992M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/sda1      1014M  124M  891M  13% /boottmpfs          199M    0  199M    0% /run/user/0web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>文件系统        容量  已用  可用 已用% 挂载点/dev/sda3        18G  1.1G  17G    6% /devtmpfs        981M    0  981M    0% /devtmpfs          992M    0  992M    0% /dev/shmtmpfs          992M  9.5M  982M    1% /runtmpfs          992M    0  992M    0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/sda1      1014M  124M  891M  13% /boottmpfs          199M    0  199M    0% /run/user/0#批量查看内存信息[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m command -a 'free -m' -i ./hostsweb01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache  availableMem:          1982        143        1688          9        150        1668Swap:          1023          0        1023web02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache  availableMem:          1982        142        1684          9        155        1666Swap:          1023          0        1023

ad-hoc结果返回颜色

绿色: 代表被管理端主机没有被修改

黄色: 代表被管理端主机发现变更

红色: 代表出现了故障，注意查看提示

ad-hoc常用模块

command# 执行shell命令(不支持管道等特殊字符)shell# 执行shell命令scripts# 执行shell脚本yum_repository# 配置yum仓库yum# 安装软件copy# 变更配置文件file# 建立目录或文件service# 启动与停止服务mount# 挂载设备cron# 定时任务get_url#下载软件firewalld#防火墙selinux#selinux

Ansible-doc帮助手册

[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc -l        # 查看所有模块说明[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc copy      # 查看指定模块方法[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc -s copy  # 查看指定模块参数

Ansible命令模块

command

# 默认模块, 执行命令[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -a "hostname"

shell

# 如果需要一些管道操作，则使用shell[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m shell -a "ps -ef|grep nginx" -f 50

script

# 编写脚本[root@m01 ~]# vim /root/yum.sh#!/usr/bin/bashyum install -y vsftpd#在本地运行模块，等同于在远程执行，不需要将脚本文件进行推送目标主机执行[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m script -a "/root/yum.sh"

Ansible软件管理模块

yum

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum -a "name=httpd state=present"name                                httpd#指定要安装的软件包名称file://#指定本地安装路径（yum localinstall 本地rpm包）http://#指定yum源（从远程仓库获取rpm包）state#指定使用yum的方法installed,present#安装软件包removed,absent#移除软件包latest#安装最新软件包[root@m01 ~]# ansible-doc yumexclude=kernel*,foo*#排除某些包list=ansible#类似于yum list查看是否可以安装disablerepo="epel,ol7_latest"#禁用指定的yum仓库download_only=true#只下载不安装 yum install d

yum_repository

#添加yum仓库[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a "name=zls_epel description=EPEL baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/$releasever/$basearch/" -i ./hosts#仓库名和配置文件名不同[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a 'name=zls_epel description=EPEL file=test_zls baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/base/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=no' -i ./hosts#添加mirrorlist[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a 'name=zls_epel description=EPEL file=test_zls baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/base/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=no mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.repoforge.org/el7/mirrors-rpmforge enabled=no' -i ./hosts#删除yum仓库及文件[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a 'name=zls_epel file=test_zls state=absent' -i ./hosts#开起gpgcheck[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m yum_repository -a 'name=zls_epel description=EPEL file=test_zls baseurl=https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/base/$releasever/$basearch/ gpgcheck=yes gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7' -i ./hostsname#指定仓库名，如果没有file则为仓库文件名baseurl#指定yum源gpgcheck#指定检查秘钥no    yesenabled#是否启用仓库no    yes

Ansible文件管理模块

对于文件管理，我们在学习Linux基础的时候，就学习了很多命令，比如创建，删除，移动，拷贝，下载...等

生产场景，统一配置管理

copy

# 推送文件模块[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m copy -a "src=/etc/passwd dest=/tmp/zls.txt"# 在推送覆盖远程端文件前，对远端已有文件进行备份，按照时间信息备份[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m copy -a "src=/etc/passwd dest=/tmp/zls.txt backup=yes"# 直接向远端文件内写入数据信息，并且会覆盖远端文件内原有数据信息[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m copy -a "content='zls' dest=/tmp/zls.txt"src#推送数据的源文件信息dest#推送数据的目标路径backup#对推送传输过去的文件，进行备份content#直接批量在被管理端文件中添加内容group#将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件属组信息owner#将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件属主信息mode#将本地文件推送到远端，指定文件权限信息

file

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m file -a "path=/tmp/zls_dir state=directory"[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m file -a "path=/tmp/zls_file state=touch mode=0555 owner=root group=root"[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m file -a "src=/tmp/zls_dir path=/tmp/zls_dir_link state=link"[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m file -a "path=/tmp/zls_dir state=directory owner=zls group=zls mode=0700 recurse=yes"path#指定远程主机目录或文件信息recurse#递归授权state    directory#在远端创建目录touch#在远端创建文件link#link或hard表示创建链接文件absent#表示删除文件或目录mode#设置文件或目录权限owner#设置文件或目录属主信息group#设置文件或目录属组信息

get_url

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m get_url -a 'url=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/3.4/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-agent-3.4.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm dest=/tmp mode=0644' -i ./hostsurl#指定下载地址dest#指定下载的目录mode#指定权限checksum#校验加密算法md5    sha256

Ansible服务管理模块

service、systemd

#启动crond并加入开机自启[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m service -a "name=crond state=started enabled=yes"#停止crond并删除开机自启[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m service -a "name=crond state=stoped enabled=no"name# 定义要启动服务的名称state# 指定服务状态started#启动服务stopped#停止服务restarted#重启服务reloaded#重载服务enabled#开机自启

Ansible用户管理模块

Ansible管理用户与组，通常使用user、group模块

group

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m group -a "name=zls gid=888"name#指定创建的组名gid#指定组的gidstate    absent#移除远端主机的组present#创建远端主机的组（默认）

user

#创建用户指定uid和gid，不创建家目录也不允许登陆[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m user -a "name=zls uid=888 group=888 shell=/sbin/nologin create_home=false"#创建用户并生成秘钥对[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m user -a "name=zls uid=888 group=root shell=/bin/bash generate_ssh_key=yes ssh_key_bits=2048 ssh_key_file=.ssh/id_rsa" -i ./hostsweb01 | CHANGED => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python":"/usr/bin/python"},"changed":true,"comment":"","create_home":true,"group": 0,"home":"/home/zls","name":"zls","shell":"/bin/bash","ssh_fingerprint":"2048 SHA256:WEMHCpSjxxqFwlzrCk1FqrPqeq6N/SHxL1gFTSqHlGM ansible-generated on web01 (RSA)","ssh_key_file":"/home/zls/.ssh/id_rsa","ssh_public_key":"ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDRx+bCYGh4FqpKoPzyXrR8ef9GwoY6l6QEFQ0+XPynR22fd9Lbs1eUxWDm5aH4ZO8sPaI8a5xmj88Sipwl0FxlQTjD2X/vreZNEDbwFWrbZ24VvPkfPSSWBh5SxLH6pJt8pGQpPVWuLRMx6yOOxRB1hh9bGFzQNg5z8xqzeogTOoI7cxSFZVuUb5affNj8H5mCw2nAvblV+HNhRzbMlwr+9/EWcCWHDnlVYcELHXjpNJcyGB3VFOu1MPkmLaSTcaB73O0eRvZQkYMBePKJC44tvjHihGhvCk9rzh8qvzHxvMgoMD/+0uKAlIwEvOyfAczb7fxllU0rDtbyPtjbuLsR ansible-generated on web01","state":"present","system":false,"uid": 888}web02 | CHANGED => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python":"/usr/bin/python"},"changed":true,"comment":"","create_home":true,"group": 0,"home":"/home/zls","name":"zls","shell":"/bin/bash","ssh_fingerprint":"2048 SHA256:IepfOosi2Xm8kfr4nOPAhG3fec6o8kpMnJ0/RwN+0F8 ansible-generated on web02 (RSA)","ssh_key_file":"/home/zls/.ssh/id_rsa","ssh_public_key":"ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDEcO9iDKg4X8ya/y9E0eDelAFMp/rxiDSzW31r+REawaQyF4oywcdIagpz0MTg2BeF2WdaYUmHmtmSTfSOMif26+R1FLcL9f9NYu3io/0388jukcTfyN02diXWgqoKtt4Gbm8Bq8sWE4tX/FSYl42fG6bX1AyDSMzzB7ERr2AD/Y9KuKt7cEXDinGjqTFEXw6+x1wBHpotkUisYiZCci+1Nx4YSznVRBveZTlpxMUYmKgwkUXQIt+RoOYzjgD++0md8O7lwJGgODZkahlrf2pOQnmpS4isLi9or4N+DVnqD+cXb/RjgJzPIJZYazgRY3vtAU9DDqm5i049x/VxEqFj ansible-generated on web02","state":"present","system":false,"uid": 888}#将明文密码进行hash加密，然后进行用户创建[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m debug -a "msg={{ 'zls' | password_hash('sha512', 'salt') }}" -i ./hostsweb01 | SUCCESS => {"msg":"$6$salt$gaWhNcZweYlKQcLU1CqyY/UbYqIeUffVz6ESj87aMNfMX.xYBx0Z.67wzLN/hkkxmNut7SvkksPZ2Zlrse98m/"}web02 | SUCCESS => {"msg":"$6$salt$gaWhNcZweYlKQcLU1CqyY/UbYqIeUffVz6ESj87aMNfMX.xYBx0Z.67wzLN/hkkxmNut7SvkksPZ2Zlrse98m/"}#创建用户[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m user -a 'name=zls1 password=$6$salt$gaWhNcZweYlKQcLU1CqyY/UbYqIeUffVz6ESj87aMNfMX.xYBx0Z.67wzLN/hkkxmNut7SvkksPZ2Zlrse98m/ create_home=true shell=/bin/bash' -i ./hostsuid#指定用户的uidgroup#指定用户组名称groups#指定附加组名称password#给用户添加密码(单引号)shell#指定用户登录shellcreate_home#是否创建家目录

Ansible定时任务模块

cron

# 正常使用crond服务[root@m01 ~]# crontab -l* * * * *  /bin/sh /server/scripts/yum.sh# 使用ansible添加一条定时任务[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "minute=* hour=* day=* month=* weekday=*  job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh'"[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh'"# 设置定时任务注释信息，防止重复，name设定[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "name='cron01' job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh'"# 删除相应定时任务[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "name='ansible cron02' minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh' state=absent"# 注释相应定时任务，使定时任务失效[root@m01 scripts]# ansible web_group -m cron -a "name='ansible cron01' minute=0 hour=0 job='/bin/sh /server/scripts/test.sh' disabled=no"

Ansible磁盘挂载模块

mount

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=present"[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=mounted"[root@m01 ~]# ansible web02 -m mount -a "src=172. 16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=unmounted"[root@m01 ~]# ansible web -m mount -a "src=172.16.1.31:/data path=/data fstype=nfs opts=defaults state=absent"present# 开机挂载，仅将挂载配置写入/etc/fstabmounted# 挂载设备，并将配置写入/etc/fstabunmounted# 卸载设备，不会清除/etc/fstab写入的配置absent# 卸载设备，会清理/etc/fstab写入的配置

Ansible防火墙模块

selinux

#修改配置文件关闭selinux，必须重启[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m selinux -a 'state=disabled' -i ./hosts[WARNING]: SELinux state temporarily changed from'enforcing'to'permissive'. State change will take effect next reboot.web01 | CHANGED => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python":"/usr/bin/python"},"changed":true,"configfile":"/etc/selinux/config","msg":"Config SELinux state changed from 'enforcing' to 'disabled'","policy":"targeted","reboot_required":true,"state":"disabled"}web02 | CHANGED => {"ansible_facts": {"discovered_interpreter_python":"/usr/bin/python"},"changed":true,"configfile":"/etc/selinux/config","msg":"Config SELinux state changed from 'enforcing' to 'disabled'","policy":"targeted","reboot_required":true,"state":"disabled"}#临时关闭[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m shell -a 'setenforce 0' -i ./hostsweb02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>web01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m shell -a 'getenforce' -i ./hostsweb02 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>Permissiveweb01 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>Permissive

firewalld

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m firewalld -a 'service=http permanent=yes state=enabled' -i ./hosts[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m firewalld -a "service=http immediate=yes permanent=yes state=enabled" -i ./hosts[root@m01 ~]# ansible web_group -m firewalld -a "port=8080-8090/tcp immediate=yes permanent=yes state=enabled" -i ./hostsservice#指定开放或关闭的服务名称port#指定开放或关闭的端口permanent#是否添加永久生效state#开启或者关闭enabled    disabledzone#指定配置某个区域rich_rule#配置辅规则masquerade#开启地址伪装immediate#临时生效source#指定来源IP

Ansible主机信息模块

为什么要讲这个模块？

做过自动化的小伙伴会觉得这个模块非常实用

在公司中总会有一些需求

比如：

1.根据不同主机不同IP创建对应IP的目录

2.根据不同主机不同主机名创建对应主机名的目录

3.自动化运维平台需要自动获取到主机的IP地址，内存信息，磁盘信息，主机名...等

4.如果安装数据库，分配内存为物理内存的80%，此时有3台不同物理内存的机器2G、4G、16G

写一个playbook的情况下，我需要获取到对应主机的内存并作出计算，写判断。

setup

1.查看所有详细信息

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setupweb01 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": ["10.0.0.7"],"ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": ["fe80::20c:29ff:fef8:9880"],"ansible_apparmor": {"status":"disabled"},"ansible_architecture":"x86_64","ansible_bios_date":"04/13/2018","ansible_bios_version":"6.00","ansible_cmdline": {"BOOT_IMAGE":"/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64","LANG":"en_US.UTF-8","biosdevname":"0","net.ifnames":"0","quiet":true,"rhgb":true,"ro":true,"root":"UUID=7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"},"ansible_date_time": {"date":"2019-09-10","day":"10","epoch":"1568115243","hour":"19","iso8601":"2019-09-10T11:34:03Z","iso8601_basic":"20190910T193403218395","iso8601_basic_short":"20190910T193403","iso8601_micro":"2019-09-10T11:34:03.218468Z","minute":"34","month":"09","second":"03","time":"19:34:03","tz":"CST","tz_offset":"+0800","weekday":"星期二","weekday_number":"2","weeknumber":"36","year":"2019"},"ansible_default_ipv4": {"address":"10.0.0.7","alias":"eth0","broadcast":"10.0.0.255","gateway":"10.0.0.2","interface":"eth0","macaddress":"00:0c:29:f8:98:80","mtu":1500,"netmask":"255.255.255.0","network":"10.0.0.0","type":"ether"},"ansible_default_ipv6": {},"ansible_device_links": {"ids": {"sr0": ["ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_00000000000000000001"],"sr1": ["ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"]            },"labels": {},"masters": {},"uuids": {"sda1": ["8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"],"sda2": ["9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"],"sda3": ["7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"]            }        },"ansible_devices": {"sda": {"holders": [],"host":"SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)","links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": []                },"model":"VMware Virtual S","partitions": {"sda1": {"holders": [],"links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": ["8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"]                        },"sectors":"2097152","sectorsize":512,"size":"1.00 GB","start":"2048","uuid":"8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"},"sda2": {"holders": [],"links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": ["9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"]                        },"sectors":"2097152","sectorsize":512,"size":"1.00 GB","start":"2099200","uuid":"9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"},"sda3": {"holders": [],"links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": ["7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"]                        },"sectors":"37746688","sectorsize":512,"size":"18.00 GB","start":"4196352","uuid":"7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"}                },"removable":"0","rotational":"1","sas_address":null,"sas_device_handle":null,"scheduler_mode":"deadline","sectors":"41943040","sectorsize":"512","size":"20.00 GB","support_discard":"0","vendor":"VMware,","virtual":1},"sr0": {"holders": [],"host":"IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)","links": {"ids": ["ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_00000000000000000001"],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": []                },"model":"VMware IDE CDR00","partitions": {},"removable":"1","rotational":"1","sas_address":null,"sas_device_handle":null,"scheduler_mode":"deadline","sectors":"2097151","sectorsize":"512","size":"1024.00 MB","support_discard":"0","vendor":"NECVMWar","virtual":1},"sr1": {"holders": [],"host":"IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)","links": {"ids": ["ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": []                },"model":"VMware IDE CDR10","partitions": {},"removable":"1","rotational":"1","sas_address":null,"sas_device_handle":null,"scheduler_mode":"deadline","sectors":"2097151","sectorsize":"512","size":"1024.00 MB","support_discard":"0","vendor":"NECVMWar","virtual":1}        },"ansible_distribution":"CentOS","ansible_distribution_file_parsed":true,"ansible_distribution_file_path":"/etc/redhat-release","ansible_distribution_file_variety":"RedHat","ansible_distribution_major_version":"7","ansible_distribution_release":"Core","ansible_distribution_version":"7.5","ansible_dns": {"nameservers": ["10.0.0.2"]        },"ansible_domain":"","ansible_effective_group_id":0,"ansible_effective_user_id":0,"ansible_env": {"HOME":"/root","LANG":"zh_CN.UTF-8","LESSOPEN":"||/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s","LOGNAME":"root","LS_COLORS":"rs=0:di=38;5;27:ln=38;5;51:mh=44;38;5;15:pi=40;38;5;11:so=38;5;13:do=38;5;5:bd=48;5;232;38;5;11:cd=48;5;232;38;5;3:or=48;5;232;38;5;9:mi=05;48;5;232;38;5;15:su=48;5;196;38;5;15:sg=48;5;11;38;5;16:ca=48;5;196;38;5;226:tw=48;5;10;38;5;16:ow=48;5;10;38;5;21:st=48;5;21;38;5;15:ex=38;5;34:*.tar=38;5;9:*.tgz=38;5;9:*.arc=38;5;9:*.arj=38;5;9:*.taz=38;5;9:*.lha=38;5;9:*.lz4=38;5;9:*.lzh=38;5;9:*.lzma=38;5;9:*.tlz=38;5;9:*.txz=38;5;9:*.tzo=38;5;9:*.t7z=38;5;9:*.zip=38;5;9:*.z=38;5;9:*.Z=38;5;9:*.dz=38;5;9:*.gz=38;5;9:*.lrz=38;5;9:*.lz=38;5;9:*.lzo=38;5;9:*.xz=38;5;9:*.bz2=38;5;9:*.bz=38;5;9:*.tbz=38;5;9:*.tbz2=38;5;9:*.tz=38;5;9:*.deb=38;5;9:*.rpm=38;5;9:*.jar=38;5;9:*.war=38;5;9:*.ear=38;5;9:*.sar=38;5;9:*.rar=38;5;9:*.alz=38;5;9:*.ace=38;5;9:*.zoo=38;5;9:*.cpio=38;5;9:*.7z=38;5;9:*.rz=38;5;9:*.cab=38;5;9:*.jpg=38;5;13:*.jpeg=38;5;13:*.gif=38;5;13:*.bmp=38;5;13:*.pbm=38;5;13:*.pgm=38;5;13:*.ppm=38;5;13:*.tga=38;5;13:*.xbm=38;5;13:*.xpm=38;5;13:*.tif=38;5;13:*.tiff=38;5;13:*.png=38;5;13:*.svg=38;5;13:*.svgz=38;5;13:*.mng=38;5;13:*.pcx=38;5;13:*.mov=38;5;13:*.mpg=38;5;13:*.mpeg=38;5;13:*.m2v=38;5;13:*.mkv=38;5;13:*.webm=38;5;13:*.ogm=38;5;13:*.mp4=38;5;13:*.m4v=38;5;13:*.mp4v=38;5;13:*.vob=38;5;13:*.qt=38;5;13:*.nuv=38;5;13:*.wmv=38;5;13:*.asf=38;5;13:*.rm=38;5;13:*.rmvb=38;5;13:*.flc=38;5;13:*.avi=38;5;13:*.fli=38;5;13:*.flv=38;5;13:*.gl=38;5;13:*.dl=38;5;13:*.xcf=38;5;13:*.xwd=38;5;13:*.yuv=38;5;13:*.cgm=38;5;13:*.emf=38;5;13:*.axv=38;5;13:*.anx=38;5;13:*.ogv=38;5;13:*.ogx=38;5;13:*.aac=38;5;45:*.au=38;5;45:*.flac=38;5;45:*.mid=38;5;45:*.midi=38;5;45:*.mka=38;5;45:*.mp3=38;5;45:*.mpc=38;5;45:*.ogg=38;5;45:*.ra=38;5;45:*.wav=38;5;45:*.axa=38;5;45:*.oga=38;5;45:*.spx=38;5;45:*.xspf=38;5;45:","MAIL":"/var/mail/root","PATH":"/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin","PWD":"/root","SELINUX_LEVEL_REQUESTED":"","SELINUX_ROLE_REQUESTED":"","SELINUX_USE_CURRENT_RANGE":"","SHELL":"/bin/bash","SHLVL":"2","SSH_CLIENT":"10.0.0.51 53512 22","SSH_CONNECTION":"10.0.0.51 53512 10.0.0.7 22","SSH_TTY":"/dev/pts/1","TERM":"xterm-256color","USER":"root","XDG_RUNTIME_DIR":"/run/user/0","XDG_SESSION_ID":"87","_":"/usr/bin/python"},"ansible_eth0": {"active":true,"device":"eth0","features": {"busy_poll":"off [fixed]","fcoe_mtu":"off [fixed]","generic_receive_offload":"on","generic_segmentation_offload":"on","highdma":"off [fixed]","hw_tc_offload":"off [fixed]","l2_fwd_offload":"off [fixed]","large_receive_offload":"off [fixed]","loopback":"off [fixed]","netns_local":"off [fixed]","ntuple_filters":"off [fixed]","receive_hashing":"off [fixed]","rx_all":"off","rx_checksumming":"off","rx_fcs":"off","rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload":"off [fixed]","rx_vlan_filter":"on [fixed]","rx_vlan_offload":"on","rx_vlan_stag_filter":"off [fixed]","rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse":"off [fixed]","scatter_gather":"on","tcp_segmentation_offload":"on","tx_checksum_fcoe_crc":"off [fixed]","tx_checksum_ip_generic":"on","tx_checksum_ipv4":"off [fixed]","tx_checksum_ipv6":"off [fixed]","tx_checksum_sctp":"off [fixed]","tx_checksumming":"on","tx_fcoe_segmentation":"off [fixed]","tx_gre_csum_segmentation":"off [fixed]","tx_gre_segmentation":"off [fixed]","tx_gso_partial":"off [fixed]","tx_gso_robust":"off [fixed]","tx_ipip_segmentation":"off [fixed]","tx_lockless":"off [fixed]","tx_nocache_copy":"off","tx_scatter_gather":"on","tx_scatter_gather_fraglist":"off [fixed]","tx_sctp_segmentation":"off [fixed]","tx_sit_segmentation":"off [fixed]","tx_tcp6_segmentation":"off [fixed]","tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation":"off [fixed]","tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation":"off","tx_tcp_segmentation":"on","tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation":"off [fixed]","tx_udp_tnl_segmentation":"off [fixed]","tx_vlan_offload":"on [fixed]","tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert":"off [fixed]","udp_fragmentation_offload":"off [fixed]","vlan_challenged":"off [fixed]"},"hw_timestamp_filters": [],"ipv4": {"address":"10.0.0.7","broadcast":"10.0.0.255","netmask":"255.255.255.0","network":"10.0.0.0"},"ipv6": [                {"address":"fe80::20c:29ff:fef8:9880","prefix":"64","scope":"link"}            ],"macaddress":"00:0c:29:f8:98:80","module":"e1000","mtu":1500,"pciid":"0000:02:01.0","promisc":false,"speed":1000,"timestamping": ["tx_software","rx_software","software"],"type":"ether"},"ansible_fibre_channel_wwn": [],"ansible_fips":false,"ansible_form_factor":"Other","ansible_fqdn":"web01","ansible_hostname":"web01","ansible_hostnqn":"","ansible_interfaces": ["lo","eth0"],"ansible_is_chroot":false,"ansible_iscsi_iqn":"","ansible_kernel":"3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64","ansible_lo": {"active":true,"device":"lo","features": {"busy_poll":"off [fixed]","fcoe_mtu":"off [fixed]","generic_receive_offload":"on","generic_segmentation_offload":"on","highdma":"on [fixed]","hw_tc_offload":"off [fixed]","l2_fwd_offload":"off [fixed]","large_receive_offload":"off [fixed]","loopback":"on [fixed]","netns_local":"on [fixed]","ntuple_filters":"off [fixed]","receive_hashing":"off [fixed]","rx_all":"off [fixed]","rx_checksumming":"on [fixed]","rx_fcs":"off [fixed]","rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload":"off [fixed]","rx_vlan_filter":"off [fixed]","rx_vlan_offload":"off [fixed]","rx_vlan_stag_filter":"off [fixed]","rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse":"off [fixed]","scatter_gather":"on","tcp_segmentation_offload":"on","tx_checksum_fcoe_crc":"off [fixed]","tx_checksum_ip_generic":"on [fixed]","tx_checksum_ipv4":"off [fixed]","tx_checksum_ipv6":"off [fixed]","tx_checksum_sctp":"on [fixed]","tx_checksumming":"on","tx_fcoe_segmentation":"off [fixed]","tx_gre_csum_segmentation":"off [fixed]","tx_gre_segmentation":"off [fixed]","tx_gso_partial":"off [fixed]","tx_gso_robust":"off [fixed]","tx_ipip_segmentation":"off [fixed]","tx_lockless":"on [fixed]","tx_nocache_copy":"off [fixed]","tx_scatter_gather":"on [fixed]","tx_scatter_gather_fraglist":"on [fixed]","tx_sctp_segmentation":"on","tx_sit_segmentation":"off [fixed]","tx_tcp6_segmentation":"on","tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation":"on","tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation":"on","tx_tcp_segmentation":"on","tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation":"off [fixed]","tx_udp_tnl_segmentation":"off [fixed]","tx_vlan_offload":"off [fixed]","tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert":"off [fixed]","udp_fragmentation_offload":"on","vlan_challenged":"on [fixed]"},"hw_timestamp_filters": [],"ipv4": {"address":"127.0.0.1","broadcast":"host","netmask":"255.0.0.0","network":"127.0.0.0"},"ipv6": [                {"address":"::1","prefix":"128","scope":"host"}            ],"mtu":65536,"promisc":false,"timestamping": ["rx_software","software"],"type":"loopback"},"ansible_local": {},"ansible_lsb": {},"ansible_machine":"x86_64","ansible_machine_id":"c9d400bd3c1249bd81b2d49252985ab6","ansible_memfree_mb":1068,"ansible_memory_mb": {"nocache": {"free":1622,"used":360},"real": {"free":1068,"total":1982,"used":914},"swap": {"cached":0,"free":1023,"total":1023,"used":0}        },"ansible_memtotal_mb":1982,"ansible_mounts": [            {"block_available":227935,"block_size":4096,"block_total":259584,"block_used":31649,"device":"/dev/sda1","fstype":"xfs","inode_available":523962,"inode_total":524288,"inode_used":326,"mount":"/boot","options":"rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota","size_available":933621760,"size_total":1063256064,"uuid":"8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"},            {"block_available":69275,"block_size":262144,"block_total":73684,"block_used":4409,"device":"10.0.0.31:/data","fstype":"nfs4","inode_available":9409536,"inode_total":9436672,"inode_used":27136,"mount":"/opt","options":"rw,relatime,vers=4.1,rsize=262144,wsize=262144,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,port=0,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=10.0.0.7,local_lock=none,addr=10.0.0.31","size_available":18160025600,"size_total":19315818496,"uuid":"N/A"},            {"block_available":4354375,"block_size":4096,"block_total":4715776,"block_used":361401,"device":"/dev/sda3","fstype":"xfs","inode_available":9403419,"inode_total":9436672,"inode_used":33253,"mount":"/","options":"rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota","size_available":17835520000,"size_total":19315818496,"uuid":"7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"}        ],"ansible_nodename":"web01","ansible_os_family":"RedHat","ansible_pkg_mgr":"yum","ansible_proc_cmdline": {"BOOT_IMAGE":"/vmlinuz-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64","LANG":"en_US.UTF-8","biosdevname":"0","net.ifnames":"0","quiet":true,"rhgb":true,"ro":true,"root":"UUID=7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"},"ansible_processor": ["0","GenuineIntel","Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-8850H CPU @ 2.60GHz"],"ansible_processor_cores":1,"ansible_processor_count":1,"ansible_processor_threads_per_core":1,"ansible_processor_vcpus":1,"ansible_product_name":"VMware Virtual Platform","ansible_product_serial":"VMware-56 4d a5 a2 9d f3 51 25-4d 67 a8 58 f8 f8 98 80","ansible_product_uuid":"A2A54D56-F39D-2551-4D67-A858F8F89880","ansible_product_version":"None","ansible_python": {"executable":"/usr/bin/python","has_sslcontext":true,"type":"CPython","version": {"major":2,"micro":5,"minor":7,"releaselevel":"final","serial":0},"version_info": [2,7,5,"final",0]        },"ansible_python_version":"2.7.5","ansible_real_group_id":0,"ansible_real_user_id":0,"ansible_selinux": {"config_mode":"disabled","mode":"permissive","policyvers":31,"status":"enabled","type":"targeted"},"ansible_selinux_python_present":true,"ansible_service_mgr":"systemd","ansible_ssh_host_key_ecdsa_public":"AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBAiDBJtsjcCuaEVqC4e2tPeN3X7FbSfbWq4gDx65v5AX8yPzZcufMmv0yydrCvbkb3HhMGqVJ7oNMioQdyqiu8Q=","ansible_ssh_host_key_ed25519_public":"AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIBVg0/vQDn4AFzoNyeGcB61Jr3a+Cv3hu36XOW+BAgv+","ansible_ssh_host_key_rsa_public":"AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC4PhQf/9RtL4kuFejVDjQoT8ng10Wdf5SA884Nu9l5wfrBLTVpKUusox5g4lU9+cuYicZiEYmasvxQbACsI90OybLUs26eUymRMtYQiS+N9Mfz0I+CLSssIEtUd5nplNoaPLM7dvgej1YxzLoz8mF6XkwhTLCd3nnye/YxuYYecGNZRCi2q6mkMYjO0HuHtqeSyoK+gPB2so7p7QrC3kcYbgblKfztDDUJ11tmYTBQJdDm7+ICztFjiwyWsnOvbItpOyI2M6neDkN8KCqoDwDYKCbXSbs6uamWkInlz03G9LGuIf+B/rhG6pmFVxG3Ac9h1tS5b6H2DJRMxQR+Vf5/","ansible_swapfree_mb":1023,"ansible_swaptotal_mb":1023,"ansible_system":"Linux","ansible_system_capabilities": ["cap_chown","cap_dac_override","cap_dac_read_search","cap_fowner","cap_fsetid","cap_kill","cap_setgid","cap_setuid","cap_setpcap","cap_linux_immutable","cap_net_bind_service","cap_net_broadcast","cap_net_admin","cap_net_raw","cap_ipc_lock","cap_ipc_owner","cap_sys_module","cap_sys_rawio","cap_sys_chroot","cap_sys_ptrace","cap_sys_pacct","cap_sys_admin","cap_sys_boot","cap_sys_nice","cap_sys_resource","cap_sys_time","cap_sys_tty_config","cap_mknod","cap_lease","cap_audit_write","cap_audit_control","cap_setfcap","cap_mac_override","cap_mac_admin","cap_syslog","35","36+ep"],"ansible_system_capabilities_enforced":"True","ansible_system_vendor":"VMware, Inc.","ansible_uptime_seconds":96743,"ansible_user_dir":"/root","ansible_user_gecos":"root","ansible_user_gid":0,"ansible_user_id":"root","ansible_user_shell":"/bin/bash","ansible_user_uid":0,"ansible_userspace_architecture":"x86_64","ansible_userspace_bits":"64","ansible_virtualization_role":"guest","ansible_virtualization_type":"VMware","discovered_interpreter_python":"/usr/bin/python","gather_subset": ["all"],"module_setup":true},"changed":false}

2.获取IP地址

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_default_ipv4'web01 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"ansible_default_ipv4": {"address":"10.0.0.7","alias":"eth0","broadcast":"10.0.0.255","gateway":"10.0.0.2","interface":"eth0","macaddress":"00:0c:29:f8:98:80","mtu": 1500,"netmask":"255.255.255.0","network":"10.0.0.0","type":"ether"},"discovered_interpreter_python":"/usr/bin/python"},"changed":false}

3.获取主机名

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_fqdn'web01 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"ansible_fqdn":"web01","discovered_interpreter_python":"/usr/bin/python"},"changed":false}

4.获取内存信息

[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_memory_mb'web01 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"ansible_memory_mb": {"nocache": {"free": 1622,"used": 360            },"real": {"free": 1068,"total": 1982,"used": 914            },"swap": {"cached": 0,"free": 1023,"total": 1023,"used": 0            }        },"discovered_interpreter_python":"/usr/bin/python"},"changed":false}

5.获取磁盘信息

web01 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"ansible_memory_mb": {"nocache": {"free": 1622,"used": 360            },"real": {"free": 1068,"total": 1982,"used": 914            },"swap": {"cached": 0,"free": 1023,"total": 1023,"used": 0            }        },"discovered_interpreter_python":"/usr/bin/python"},"changed":false}[root@m01 ~]# ansible_devices^C[root@m01 ~]# ansible web01 -m setup -a 'filter=ansible_devices'web01 | SUCCESS => {"ansible_facts": {"ansible_devices": {"sda": {"holders": [],"host":"SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)","links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": []                },"model":"VMware Virtual S","partitions": {"sda1": {"holders": [],"links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": ["8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"]                        },"sectors":"2097152","sectorsize": 512,"size":"1.00 GB","start":"2048","uuid":"8e547355-994a-4bad-a941-da93f4f1cdfd"},"sda2": {"holders": [],"links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": ["9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"]                        },"sectors":"2097152","sectorsize": 512,"size":"1.00 GB","start":"2099200","uuid":"9e4d046c-02cf-47bd-a4bf-1e8b5fa4bed5"},"sda3": {"holders": [],"links": {"ids": [],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": ["7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"]                        },"sectors":"37746688","sectorsize": 512,"size":"18.00 GB","start":"4196352","uuid":"7348b9b1-f2a7-46c6-bede-4f22224dc168"}                },"removable":"0","rotational":"1","sas_address": null,"sas_device_handle": null,"scheduler_mode":"deadline","sectors":"41943040","sectorsize":"512","size":"20.00 GB","support_discard":"0","vendor":"VMware,","virtual": 1            },"sr0": {"holders": [],"host":"IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)","links": {"ids": ["ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_00000000000000000001"],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": []                },"model":"VMware IDE CDR00","partitions": {},"removable":"1","rotational":"1","sas_address": null,"sas_device_handle": null,"scheduler_mode":"deadline","sectors":"2097151","sectorsize":"512","size":"1024.00 MB","support_discard":"0","vendor":"NECVMWar","virtual": 1            },"sr1": {"holders": [],"host":"IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)","links": {"ids": ["ata-VMware_Virtual_IDE_CDROM_Drive_10000000000000000001"],"labels": [],"masters": [],"uuids": []                },"model":"VMware IDE CDR10","partitions": {},"removable":"1","rotational":"1","sas_address": null,"sas_device_handle": null,"scheduler_mode":"deadline","sectors":"2097151","sectorsize":"512","size":"1024.00 MB","support_discard":"0","vendor":"NECVMWar","virtual": 1            }        },"discovered_interpreter_python":"/usr/bin/python"},"changed":false}

6.其他信息参数

ansible_all_ipv4_addresses：仅显示ipv4的信息。

ansible_devices：仅显示磁盘设备信息。

ansible_distribution：显示是什么系统，例：centos,suse等。

ansible_distribution_major_version：显示是系统主版本。

ansible_distribution_version：仅显示系统版本。

ansible_machine：显示系统类型，例：32位，还是64位。

ansible_eth0：仅显示eth0的信息。

ansible_hostname：仅显示主机名。

ansible_kernel：仅显示内核版本。

ansible_lvm：显示lvm相关信息。

ansible_memtotal_mb：显示系统总内存。

ansible_memfree_mb：显示可用系统内存。

ansible_memory_mb：详细显示内存情况。

ansible_swaptotal_mb：显示总的swap内存。

ansible_swapfree_mb：显示swap内存的可用内存。

ansible_mounts：显示系统磁盘挂载情况。

ansible_processor：显示cpu个数(具体显示每个cpu的型号)。

ansible_processor_vcpus：显示cpu个数(只显示总的个数)。

此处匹配规则 支持通配符，后面我们在使用playbook的时候，会针对这些内置变量参考使用。