实战解析2

1. As sessile organisms, plants have to fight environmental challenges on site.
   主语：plants
   谓语：have to fight
   宾语：environmental challenges
   状语1：on site 介词短语做状语
   介词短语做状语 :
   eg： Do not leave the notebook on the bed
   状语2： As sessile organisms：As+名词，表原因
   eg: As a child, he cannot go on dating.

2. The proteome’s dynamic plasticity is one of the most critical mechanisms allowing plants to
   acclimate to changes in their environment rapidly.

主语：The proteome’s dynamic plasticity
谓语：is
表语： one of the most critical mechanisms
分词做定语：allowing plants to acclimate to changes in their environment rapidly.
可以改成定语从句：which allows plants to acclimate to changes in their environment rapidly.

3. This notion is supported by the substantially elaborated ubiquitin-proteasome
   system (UPS) in plants compared to humans.
   主语： This notion
   谓语：is supported by
   宾语： the substantially elaborated ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in plants
   状语： compared to humans 为补充语

4. Despite the essential importance of protein degradation, we are only now beginning to understand how plants control proteostasis upon stress and under favorable growth conditions.
   主语： we
   谓语：are only now beginning to understand
   宾语从句： how plants control proteostasis upon stress and under favorable growth conditions.
   状语： Despite the essential importance of protein degradation

5. Protein modifications have been identified as crucial determinants of protein stability in eukaryotes and are highly regulated upon diverse plant stress conditions.
   and 连接两个简单句，其中后面一个由于和前面主语相同，所以省略了。

6. NTA occurs on 80-90% of human and Arabidopsis soluble proteins and is executed by up to five ribosome-associated N-terminal acetyltransferases (Nat) complexes, of which NatA, NatB and NatC are conserved in all eukaryotes.
   引导定语从句中，of which =whose；
   of which NatA, NatB and NatC are conserved in all eukaryotes = NatA, NatB and NatC of which are conserved in all eukaryotes. =whose NatA, NatB and NatC are conserved in all eukaryotes . (这里of which 前面理论上不应该有逗号，应该是限制性定语从句)

7. Disturbance of NTA in humans causes fatal diseases like Ogden syndrome, whilst enhanced NTA is associated with deregulated cell proliferation in specific cancer types.

for example、such as、like 正確用法

1. for example作“例如”讲时，一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句.
   For example, air is comprised mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.
   Air, for example, is comprised mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.
2. such as
   但使用 such as 的時候，後面就不能接上句子，而是要接舉例的事物，且可以列舉一個以上。如果只有一個例子時，such as 前不需逗號；如果有一個以上的例子，such as 前就需要逗號喔。例如：
   Small countries such as Belgium are dependent on open economies.
   Traditional media channels, such as television, newspapers, magazines and radio, have been going downhill in recent years.

使用such as来举例子，只能举出其中的一部分，一般不能全部举出。若全部举出，要改用namely（意为“即”）。
He knows four languages，namely Chinese，English，Russian and French.

3. like
   要特別小心 like 的用法。首先，這是比較不正式的字，如果是論文、公司報告等正式文件，強烈建議要避免使用到 like。Like 的用法跟 such as 十分類似，甚至可以交替使用，
   Writers like Shakespeare are harder to find these days.

8.The NatA complex consists of the catalytically active subunit NAA10 and the ribosome-anchoring subunit NAA15, and targets nascent chains of proteins after the initiator methionine (iMet) is cleaved by methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP).

1. and 连接的两个并列句子。
   The NatA complex consists of the catalytically active subunit NAA10 and the ribosome-anchoring subunit NAA15
   The NatA complex targets nascent chains of proteins after the initiator methionine (iMet) is cleaved by methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP).

2. after 引导的状语从句
   after the initiator methionine (iMet) is cleaved by methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP).
   e.g. The sun came out after the storm ceased

9.Consequently, a canonical NatA substrate is defined by cotranslational iMet removal resulting in a nascent chain displaying an amino acid that can be acetylated by NAA10
状语：Consequently
主语：, a canonical NatA substrate
谓语： is defined by
宾语：cotranslational iMet removal resulting in a nascent chain
定语： displaying an amino acid
定语从句：that can be acetylated by NAA10

10. In plants, Nat complexes are particularly important for the resistance towards diverse abiotic and biotic environmental stresses.
    主语：Nat complexes
    谓语：are particularly important for
    宾语：the resistance towards diverse abiotic and biotic environmental stresses.

11. Only in a few cases NTA has been reported to affect protein functionality. Thus, controlling the activity of individual proteins is unlikely to explain the pervasive NTA of bulk proteins.

Only 引导的倒装句。
Thus承接句子，前面必须句号。

12. In yeast and humans, NTA can create N-degrons recognized by the Ac/N-degron pathway and leading to the destruction of proteins by the UPS.
    状语：In yeast and humans,
    主语：NTA
    谓语：can create
    宾语：N-degrons
    and 连接了两个定语，先行词是N-degrons
    定语1：recognized by the Ac/N-degron pathway
    定语2：leading to the destruction of proteins by the UPS
    如果定语2是lead to the destruction of proteins by the UPS 那么and就是连接两个句子：
    1.NTA can create N-degrons ；

13. lead to the destruction of proteins by the UPS
    和前面意思完全不一样。

14. However, a recent study demonstrated an overlap of substrates recognized by NatA and the IAP-type E3-ubiquitin ligases in vitro, suggesting that N-terminal acetylation is relevant for protein stabilization in metazoans.

However 转折连接词，前面要句号。
主语：a recent study
谓语：a recent study
宾语： an overlap of substrates
定语：recognized by NatA and the IAP-type E3-ubiquitin ligases in vitro
suggesting that 作整个句子的结果状语。suggesting 后面接了一个 that 引导的宾语从句。