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友邻哲学旅人 E39 谬误之“洞穴偶像”

友邻哲学旅人 E39 谬误之“洞穴偶像”

作者: worldlyf | 来源:发表于2021-04-14 20:37 被阅读0次
    Bacon gives at this point a word of golden counsel.
    关于这一点,培根给我们的劝诫堪称金玉良言。
    "In general let every student of nature take this as a rule—that whatever his mind seizes and dwells upon with peculiar satisfaction, is to be held in suspicion; and that so much the more care is to be taken, in dealing with such questions, to keep the understanding even and clear."
    “整体上,每一位研究自然的学生都该把它当作一条规则--当他的思想抓住了并析居在特别满足的时候,他就应该用怀疑的角度去审视;所以你应该花更多的注意力在怀疑部分而不是舒适部分,要把整个的理解变得更加平均和清楚。”

    不反思的生活不值得活

    整天反思的生活活不下去

    调和的人类欲望即为我们的知识

    一旦进入一个舒适区,我们是否要怀疑一下?

    但整天怀疑下,我们是否也要给自己放个假,放松一下。

    所以有时也要satisfaction

    《大学》《中庸》

    说道“怀疑”,要提到一位哲学家笛卡尔,笔墨花的远远比培根多,他讲的更形而上学。发明了直角坐标系。喜欢一位公主,但没有成婚。我思故我在。所有的东西都可以怀疑,除了你思考的一个动作。

    英美哲学讲究实践

    欧陆哲学灌有形而上学的探讨。

    "The understanding must not be allowed to jump and fly from particulars to remote axioms and of almost the highest generality; ...it must not be supplied with wings, but rather hung with weights to keep it from leaping and flying."
    “人类对问题的理解是决不可以从具体特例直接跃迁到遥远的公里上,也不能直接把它提到最高的抽象表达上;......决不可以给思想插上翅膀,而应给它背上重负,让它无法来回跳跃和抽象。”

    必须做实践,必须做观察,不能一步登天

    人性本性或者说聪明的人是喜欢generality,因为particulars太转瞬即逝了,所以我们要关注的是eternity在哪?

    The imagination may be the greatest enemy of the intellect, whereas it should be only its tentative and experiment.
    此外,想象力也会成为理智最大的敌人,实际上想象力只应该为思想进行推测与试验。

    胡适:大胆假设,小心求证

    A second class of errors Bacon calls Idols of the Cave—errors peculiar to the individual man.
    第二种错误,培根称之为“洞穴偶像”--个人特有的错误。
    "For every one... has a cave or den of his own, which refracts and discolors the light of nature";
    “每个人都有自己的巢穴,在那里自然之光会发生折射与变色;”

    个体经验会导致对外界世界的解读也不正确的。

    this is his character as formed by nature and nurture, and by his mood or condition of body and mind.
    这便是由本性、教养与个人的身心状态所形成先天和后天的性格。

    mood of mind and condition of body

    Some minds, e.g., are constitutionally analytic, and see differences everywhere; others are constitutionally synthetic, and see resemblances; so we have the scientist and the painter on the one hand, and on the other hand the poet and the philosopher.
    譬如,有些人天生擅长分析,处处都能看到差异;而另一些人则天生擅长综合,他们处处皆看到相似;于是一方面有了科学家与画家,另一方面又有了诗人与哲学家。

    个体是需要团队的,你不可能抛弃社会独体存在。

    Again, "some dispositions evince an unbounded admiration for antiquity, others eagerly embrace novelty, and neither tear up what the ancients have correctly established, nor despise the just innovations of the moderns."
    同样,“有一些特性展现出的是对于传统事物的无以复加的崇拜,而另外一些人非常急迫的去创新,唯有少数人能够保持中庸,既不是把古代人建立的东西撕的粉碎,也不是轻视今人的适时革新。”

    亚里士多德the doctric of the mean

    Truth knows no parties.

    真理它是不带任何党派色彩的。

    语言点

    golden counsel: 金子般的建议

    dwell upon: 栖居在

    even: adj. 平均

    axiom: n. 公里

    the highest generality: 最高的抽象表达

    tentative: n. 尝试

    refract: vt. 使折射

    nature and nurture: 先天和后天

    resemblance: n. 相似之处

    disposition: n. 特性

    evince: vt. 表明

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