本文基于RockPI 4A
单板Linux4.4内核介绍中断调用流程。
一、异常向量表
ARMv8包括两种运行状态:AArch64和AArch32。
AArch64中不再使用AArch32中的7种特权模式,而是提出了Exception Levels的概念,包括:
1)EL0:用于用户态程序,权限最低
2)EL1:给内核使用,权限稍高
3)EL2:虚拟化相关,权限更高
4)EL3:安全相关,权限最高
Linux内核中一般只使用EL0和EL1。
AArch64异常向量表中的异常包括:
1)Synchronous exception(同步异常)
2)SError
3)IRQ
4)FIQ
注:SError、IRQ和FIQ属于异步异常。
在Linux内核中,在arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S
文件中定义了异常向量表,内容如下:
/*
* Exception vectors.
*/
.pushsection ".entry.text", "ax"
.align 11
ENTRY(vectors)
... ## 省略了部分EL1和EL0的异常向量
kernel_ventry 1, sync // Synchronous EL1h ,对应el1_sync
kernel_ventry 1, irq // IRQ EL1h ,对应el1_irq
kernel_ventry 1, fiq_invalid // FIQ EL1h ,对应el1_fiq_invalid
kernel_ventry 1, error_invalid // Error EL1h ,对应el1_error_invalid
...
END(vectors)
二、中断调用流程
选取el1_irq()
函数介绍Linux内核中断的调用流程。
文件:arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S
,调用流程如下:
1、handle_irq()初始化
在DTS
解析阶段完成handle_irq()
函数的初始化,流程如下:
of_platform_populate()-> ##platform.c
of_platform_bus_create()->
of_platform_device_create_pdata()->
of_device_alloc()->
of_irq_to_resource_table()->
of_irq_to_resource()->
irq_of_parse_and_map()->
irq_create_of_mapping()->
irq_create_fwspec_mapping()->
irq_domain_alloc_irqs()->
irq_domain_alloc_irqs_recursive()->
domain->ops->alloc() ## 对应GICv3的gic_irq_domain_alloc()
::gic_irq_domain_alloc()->
gic_irq_domain_map()
gic_irq_domain_map()
函数中完成了handle_irq()
函数的赋值,具体执行如下:
static int gic_irq_domain_map(struct irq_domain *d, unsigned int irq,
irq_hw_number_t hw)
{
...
/* PPIs */
if (hw < 32) {
..
## 1.赋值PPI的handle_irq = handle_percpu_devid_irq
irq_domain_set_info(d, irq, hw, chip, d->host_data,
handle_percpu_devid_irq, NULL, NULL);
..
}
/* SPIs */
if (hw >= 32 && hw < gic_data.irq_nr) {
## 2.赋值SPI的handle_irq = handle_fasteoi_irq
irq_domain_set_info(d, irq, hw, chip, d->host_data,
handle_fasteoi_irq, NULL, NULL);
...
}
/* LPIs */
if (hw >= 8192 && hw < GIC_ID_NR) {
...
## 3.赋值LPI的handle_irq = handle_fasteoi_irq
irq_domain_set_info(d, irq, hw, chip, d->host_data,
handle_fasteoi_irq, NULL, NULL);
}
return 0;
}
2、handle_irq()实现
以共享外设中断SPI
的中断处理函数handle_fasteoi_irq()
为例,继续跟踪中断的执行过程。
handle_fasteoi_irq()-> ## kernel/irq/chip.c
handle_irq_event()->
handle_irq_event_percpu()->
handle_irq_event_percpu()
函数会调用已经注册的中断处理函数,同时唤醒irq_thread
线程。
irqreturn_t handle_irq_event_percpu(struct irq_desc *desc)
{
...
while (action) {
...
trace_irq_handler_entry(irq, action);
## 1. 执行已经注册的对应的中断处理函数 ---- (重点)
res = action->handler(irq, action->dev_id);
trace_irq_handler_exit(irq, action, res);
...
switch (res) {
case IRQ_WAKE_THREAD:
## 2.唤醒irq_thread线程
__irq_wake_thread(desc, action);
...
default:
break;
}
...
}
...
}
3、中断处理线程
在使用request_threaded_irq()
函数申请中断时,会创建一个irq_thread
线程,调用流程如下:
request_threaded_irq()-> ## kernel/irq/manage.c
__setup_irq()->
setup_irq_thread()->
kthread_create(irq_thread, new, "irq/%d-%s", irq,new->name) ## 创建了一个irq_thread线程
irq_thread
线程平时在睡眠状态,等待handle_irq_event_percpu()
函数唤醒,进一步执行已注册的中断处理线程函数。
static int irq_thread(void *data)
{
...
if (force_irqthreads && test_bit(IRQTF_FORCED_THREAD,
&action->thread_flags))
handler_fn = irq_forced_thread_fn;
else
handler_fn = irq_thread_fn; ## 1. 赋值中断处理线程
init_task_work(&on_exit_work, irq_thread_dtor);
task_work_add(current, &on_exit_work, false);
irq_thread_check_affinity(desc, action);
while (!irq_wait_for_interrupt(action)) {
...
action_ret = handler_fn(desc, action); ## 2.执行已注册的对应的中断处理线程函数 ---- (重点)
...
}
...
}
三、应用举例
使用DRM
框架中HDMI
中断验证中断调用流程。
文件:drivers\gpu\drm\bridge\synopsys\dw-hdmi.c
int dw_hdmi_bind(struct device *dev, struct device *master,
void *data, struct drm_encoder *encoder,
struct resource *iores, int irq,
const struct dw_hdmi_plat_data *plat_data)
{
...
## 申请中断,并传入中断处理函数dw_hdmi_hardirq() 和 中断处理线程函数dw_hdmi_irq()
ret = devm_request_threaded_irq(dev, irq, dw_hdmi_hardirq,
dw_hdmi_irq, IRQF_SHARED,
dev_name(dev), hdmi);
...
}
在中断处理函数dw_hdmi_hardirq()
和中断处理线程函数dw_hdmi_irq
中增加dump_stack()
调用(注:仅限于调试验证)。
插入HDMI
线,系统启动后,显示中断调用流程的日志如下:
[ 7.980327] Exception stack(0xffffffc0796979d0 to 0xffffffc079697b00)
[ 8.013527] Hardware name: ROCK PI 4A 2 (DT)
[ 8.013911] Call trace:
[ 8.014140] [<ffffff80080888d8>] dump_backtrace+0x0/0x220
[ 8.014621] [<ffffff8008088b1c>] show_stack+0x24/0x30
[ 8.015078] [<ffffff800856ebec>] dump_stack+0x98/0xc0
[ 8.015526] [<ffffff80086c1fa8>] dw_hdmi_hardirq+0xf8/0xfc ## 2.中断处理函数
[ 8.016018] [<ffffff80080f1664>] handle_irq_event_percpu+0xf4/0x1f0
[ 8.016578] [<ffffff80080f17b0>] handle_irq_event+0x50/0x80
[ 8.017071] [<ffffff80080f4fd4>] handle_fasteoi_irq+0xcc/0x134
[ 8.017586] [<ffffff80080f0b60>] generic_handle_irq+0x2c/0x44
[ 8.018100] [<ffffff80080f0edc>] __handle_domain_irq+0xb4/0xb8
[ 8.018615] [<ffffff8008080e70>] gic_handle_irq+0xc8/0x180
[ 8.019104] Exception stack(0xffffffc079697b40 to 0xffffffc079697c70)
[ 8.019676] 7b40: 0000000000000001 00000000000068c1 0000000000000000 ffffffc079697c88
[ 8.020373] 7b60: 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 ffffffc077fd3b50 ffffffc077fd3b78
[ 8.021069] 7b80: ffffffc077fd3b80 0000000000000000 ffffff800921ee78 00000000ffffffff
[ 8.021766] 7ba0: ffffffc0783ad1d0 ffffff8009d30020 ffffff8009d30020 0000000000000000
[ 8.022462] 7bc0: 0000000000000028 0000000000007fff 0000000000000003 ffffffc077f908e0
[ 8.023159] 7be0: 00000000000068c1 0000000002400040 ffffffc077f908d8 ffffff80093b20f5
[ 8.023855] 7c00: ffffff80093a7740 00000000000068c1 0000000000000001 0000000000000008
[ 8.024552] 7c20: ffffff80092102c8 ffffffc079697c70 ffffff800857402c ffffffc079697c70
[ 8.025249] 7c40: ffffff8008573fe4 0000000020000045 ffffffc079697c70 ffffff80081732d8
[ 8.025944] 7c60: ffffffffffffffff ffffffc079413800
[ 8.026377] [<ffffff80080827b4>] el1_irq+0xb4/0x140 ## 1.异常处理入口
[ 8.026813] [<ffffff8008573fe4>] __radix_tree_lookup+0x70/0xa4
[ 8.027329] [<ffffff80081737dc>] find_get_entry+0x2c/0xbc
[ 8.027811] [<ffffff800817394c>] pagecache_get_page+0x54/0x1b8
[ 8.028326] [<ffffff8008483360>] btrfs_test_extent_io+0x8c/0x4b4
[ 8.028863] [<ffffff80091396cc>] init_btrfs_fs+0xe4/0x168
[ 8.029344] [<ffffff80080831cc>] do_one_initcall+0x18c/0x194
[ 8.029848] [<ffffff8009110e10>] kernel_init_freeable+0x228/0x22c
[ 8.030385] [<ffffff8008c7519c>] kernel_init+0x18/0x100
[ 8.030854] [<ffffff8008082ef0>] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20
和
[ 8.065185] CPU: 0 PID: 97 Comm: irq/55-ff940000 Not tainted 4.4.154-00037-gdee50b698ce8-dirty #72
[ 8.065978] Hardware name: ROCK PI 4A 2 (DT)
[ 8.066364] Call trace:
[ 8.066603] [<ffffff80080888d8>] dump_backtrace+0x0/0x220
[ 8.067086] [<ffffff8008088b1c>] show_stack+0x24/0x30
[ 8.067546] [<ffffff800856ebec>] dump_stack+0x98/0xc0
[ 8.068007] [<ffffff80086c59f0>] dw_hdmi_irq+0x1e8/0x228 ## 2\. 中断处理线程函数
[ 8.068490] [<ffffff80080f2550>] irq_thread_fn+0x30/0x54
[ 8.068960] [<ffffff80080f28ac>] irq_thread+0x17c/0x1b0 ## 1\. irq_thread 线程
[ 8.069430] [<ffffff80080ba310>] kthread+0xe0/0xf0
[ 8.069864] [<ffffff8008082ef0>] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20
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