基于python的scrapy框架爬取豆瓣电影及其可视化！

1.Scrapy框架介绍

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1554812151512" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.485px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 374.985px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

scrapy

主要介绍，spiders，engine，scheduler,downloader,Item pipeline

scrapy常见命令如下：

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1554812151515" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.485px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 374.985px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

image

对应在scrapy文件中有，自己增加爬虫文件，系统生成items,pipelines,setting的配置文件就这些。

items写需要爬取的属性名，pipelines写一些数据流操作，写入文件，还是导入数据库中。主要爬虫文件写domain，属性名的xpath，在每页添加属性对应的信息等。

Python学习群：683380553，有大牛答疑，有资源共享！有想学习python编程的，或是转行，或是大学生，还有工作中想提升自己能力的，正在学习的小伙伴欢迎加入学习。

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">movieRank = scrapy.Field()
movieName = scrapy.Field()
Director = scrapy.Field()
movieDesc = scrapy.Field()
movieRate = scrapy.Field()
peopleCount = scrapy.Field()
movieDate = scrapy.Field()
movieCountry = scrapy.Field()
movieCategory = scrapy.Field()
moviePost = scrapy.Field()
import json
class DoubanPipeline(object):
def init(self):
self.f = open("douban.json","w",encoding='utf-8')
def process_item(self, item, spider):
content = json.dumps(dict(item),ensure_ascii = False)+"\n"
self.f.write(content)
return item
def close_spider(self,spider):
self.f.close()
</pre>

这里xpath使用过程中，安利一个chrome插件xpathHelper。

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">allowed_domains = ['douban.com']
baseURL = "https://movie.douban.com/top250?start="
offset = 0
start_urls = [baseURL + str(offset)]
def parse(self, response):
node_list = response.xpath("//div[@class='item']")
for node in node_list:
item = DoubanItem()
item['movieName'] = node.xpath("./div[@class='info']/div[1]/a/span/text()").extract()[0]
item['movieRank'] = node.xpath("./div[@class='pic']/em/text()").extract()[0]
item['Director'] = node.xpath("./div[@class='info']/div[@class='bd']/p[1]/text()[1]").extract()[0]
if len(node.xpath("./div[@class='info']/div[@class='bd']/p[@class='quote']/span[@class='inq']/text()")):
item['movieDesc'] = node.xpath("./div[@class='info']/div[@class='bd']/p[@class='quote']/span[@class='inq']/text()").extract()[0]
else:
item['movieDesc'] = ""

        item['movieRate'] = node.xpath("./div[@class='info']/div[@class='bd']/div[@class='star']/span[@class='rating_num']/text()").extract()[0] 
        item['peopleCount'] = node.xpath("./div[@class='info']/div[@class='bd']/div[@class='star']/span[4]/text()").extract()[0]
        item['movieDate'] = node.xpath("./div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()[2]").extract()[0].lstrip().split('\xa0/\xa0')[0]
        item['movieCountry'] = node.xpath("./div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()[2]").extract()[0].lstrip().split('\xa0/\xa0')[1]
        item['movieCategory'] = node.xpath("./div[2]/div[2]/p[1]/text()[2]").extract()[0].lstrip().split('\xa0/\xa0')[2]           
        item['moviePost'] = node.xpath("./div[@class='pic']/a/img/@src").extract()[0]
        yield item
    if self.offset <250:
        self.offset += 25
        url = self.baseURL+str(self.offset)
        yield scrapy.Request(url,callback = self.parse)

</pre>

这里基本可以爬虫，产生需要的json文件。

接下来是可视化过程。

我们先梳理一下，我们掌握的数据情况。

douban = pd.read_json('douban.json',lines=True,encoding='utf-8')

douban.info()

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1554812151522" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.485px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 374.985px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

image

基本我们可以分析，电影国家产地，电影拍摄年份，电影类别以及一些导演在TOP250中影响力。

先做个简单了解，可以使用value_counts()函数。

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">douban = pd.read_json('douban.json',lines=True,encoding='utf-8')
df_Country = douban['movieCountry'].copy()
for i in range(len(df_Country)):
item = df_Country.iloc[i].strip()
df_Country.iloc[i] = item[0]
print(df_Country.value_counts())
</pre>

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1554812151526" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.485px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 374.985px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

image

美国电影占半壁江山，122/250，可以反映好莱坞电影工业之强大。同样，日本电影和香港电影在中国也有着重要地位。令人意外是，中国大陆地区电影数量不是令人满意。豆瓣影迷对于国内电影还是非常挑剔的。

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">douban = pd.read_json('douban.json',lines=True,encoding='utf-8')
df_Date = douban['movieDate'].copy()
for i in range(len(df_Date)):
item = df_Date.iloc[i].strip()
df_Date.iloc[i] = item[2]
print(df_Date.value_counts())
</pre>

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1554812151529" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.485px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 374.985px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

2000年以来电影数目在70%以上，考虑10代才过去9年和打分滞后性，总体来说越新的电影越能得到受众喜爱。这可能和豆瓣top250选取机制有关，必须人数在一定数量以上。

<pre spellcheck="false" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 5px 0px; padding: 5px 10px; border: 0px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-stretch: inherit; font-size: 16px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; cursor: text; counter-reset: list-1 0 list-2 0 list-3 0 list-4 0 list-5 0 list-6 0 list-7 0 list-8 0 list-9 0; background-color: rgb(240, 240, 240); border-radius: 3px; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">douban = pd.read_json('douban.json',lines=True,encoding='utf-8')
df_Cate = douban['movieCategory'].copy()
for i in range(len(df_Cate)):
item = df_Cate.iloc[i].strip()
df_Cate.iloc[i] = item[0]
print(df_Cate.value_counts())
</pre>

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1554812151534" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.485px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 374.985px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

image

剧情电影情节起伏更容易得到观众认可。

Python学习群：556370268，有大牛答疑，有资源共享！有想学习python编程的，或是转行，或是大学生，还有工作中想提升自己能力的，正在学习的小伙伴欢迎加入学习。

下面展示几张可视化图片

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1554812151535" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.485px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 374.985px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

image

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1554812151537" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.485px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 374.985px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

image

<tt-image data-tteditor-tag="tteditorTag" contenteditable="false" class="syl1554812151539" data-render-status="finished" data-syl-blot="image" style="box-sizing: border-box; cursor: text; color: rgb(34, 34, 34); font-family: "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: pre-wrap; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: block;"> image

<input class="pgc-img-caption-ipt" placeholder="图片描述(最多50字)" value="" style="box-sizing: border-box; outline: 0px; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); position: absolute; left: 187.485px; transform: translateX(-50%); padding: 6px 7px; max-width: 100%; width: 374.985px; text-align: center; cursor: text; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.5; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: none; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 217); border-radius: 4px; transition: all 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.645, 0.045, 0.355, 1) 0s;"></tt-image>

image

不太会用python进行展示，有些难看。其实，推荐用Echarts等插件，或者用Excel，BI软件来处理图片，比较方便和美观。