来自kaggle官网的机器学习标准化流程示例。

Recap

So far, you have loaded your data and reviewed it with the following code. Run this cell to set up your coding environment where the previous step left off.

# Code you have previously used to load data
import pandas as pd

# Path of the file to read
iowa_file_path = '../input/home-data-for-ml-course/train.csv'

home_data = pd.read_csv(iowa_file_path)

# Set up code checking
from learntools.core import binder
binder.bind(globals())
from learntools.machine_learning.ex3 import *

print("Setup Complete")

Exercises

Step 1: Specify Prediction Target

Select the target variable, which corresponds to the sales price. Save this to a new variable called y. You'll need to print a list of the columns to find the name of the column you need.

# print the list of columns in the dataset to find the name of the prediction target
home_data.columns

y = home_data.SalePrice

# Check your answer
#step_1.check()

Step 2: Create X

Now you will create a DataFrame called X holding the predictive features.

Since you want only some columns from the original data, you'll first create a list with the names of the columns you want in X.

You'll use just the following columns in the list (you can copy and paste the whole list to save some typing, though you'll still need to add quotes):
* LotArea
* YearBuilt
* 1stFlrSF
* 2ndFlrSF
* FullBath
* BedroomAbvGr
* TotRmsAbvGrd

After you've created that list of features, use it to create the DataFrame that you'll use to fit the model.

# Create the list of features below
feature_names = ["LotArea","YearBuilt","1stFlrSF","2ndFlrSF","FullBath","BedroomAbvGr","TotRmsAbvGrd"]

# Select data corresponding to features in feature_names
X = home_data[feature_names]

# Check your answer
step_2.check()

Review Data

Before building a model, take a quick look at X to verify it looks sensible

# Review data
# print description or statistics from X
print(home_data.describe())

# print the top few lines
print(home_data.head())

Step 3: Specify and Fit Model

Create a DecisionTreeRegressor and save it iowa_model. Ensure you've done the relevant import from sklearn to run this command.

Then fit the model you just created using the data in X and y that you saved above.

from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeRegressor

#specify the model. 
#For model reproducibility, set a numeric value for random_state when specifying the model
iowa_model = DecisionTreeRegressor(random_state=2020)

# Fit the model
iowa_model.fit(X,y)

# Check your answer
step_3.check()

Step 4: Make Predictions

Make predictions with the model's predict command using X as the data. Save the results to a variable called predictions.

predictions = iowa_model.predict(X)
print(predictions)

# Check your answer
step_4.check()

It's natural to ask how accurate the model's predictions will be and how you can improve that. That will be you're next step.

Keep Going

You are ready for [Model Validation].

To Be Continued