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C#沉淀-异步编程 三

C#沉淀-异步编程 三

作者: 东南有大树 | 来源:发表于2018-10-01 21:40 被阅读13次

    GUI程序在设计上要求所有的显示变化都必须在主GUI线程中完成,Windows程序是通过消息来实现这一点的,消息被放入由消息泵管理的消息队列中。

    消息泵从列队中取出一条消息,并调用它的处理程序代码。当程序代码完成时,消息泵获取下一条消息并循环这个过程。

    由于这个架构,处理程序代码就必须矮小精悍,这样才不至于扶起并阻碍其他GUI行为处理。如果某个消息的处理程序代码耗时过长,消息队列中的消息会产生积压。程序将失去响应,因为在那个长时间运行的处理程序完成之前,无法处理任何消息。

    示例:下面创建一个WPF程序,在主窗体中添加一个Label与一个Button,具体工作在后端代码的注释中

    <Window x:Class="WpfForAsync.MainWindow"
            xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
            xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
            xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
            xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
            xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfForAsync"
            mc:Ignorable="d"
            Title="MainWindow" Height="151.4" Width="323.2">
        <StackPanel>
            <Label Name="lblStatus" Margin="10,5,10,0" >Not Doing Anything</Label>
            <Button Name="btnDoStuff" Content="Do Stuff" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,5" Padding="5,2" Click="btnDoStuff_Click"/>
        </StackPanel>
    </Window>
    
    

    后端代码:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using System.Windows;
    using System.Windows.Controls;
    using System.Windows.Data;
    using System.Windows.Documents;
    using System.Windows.Input;
    using System.Windows.Media;
    using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
    using System.Windows.Navigation;
    using System.Windows.Shapes;
    
    namespace WpfForAsync
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
        /// </summary>
        public partial class MainWindow : Window
        {
            public MainWindow()
            {
                InitializeComponent();
            }
    
            private void btnDoStuff_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
            {
                //首先让按钮禁用
                btnDoStuff.IsEnabled = false;
                //第二步将lable的文本改动
                lblStatus.Content = "Doing Stuff";
                //阻塞4秒钟
                Thread.Sleep(1000 * 4);
                //将lable的内容改为原来的内容
                lblStatus.Content = "Not Doing Anything";
                //将按钮设置为可用
                btnDoStuff.IsEnabled = true;
            }
        }
    }
    

    事实上,当点击按钮的时候,窗体没有任何变化,Label也不会发生内容更改的情况,而且,主窗体在被阻塞的4秒内也无被冻结了!!!

    来看程序执行的顺序:

    1. btnDoStuff_Click将[禁用按钮]消息压入队列
    2. btnDoStuff_Click将[改变文本]消息压入队列
    3. btnDoStuff_Click将被阻塞4秒
    4. btnDoStuff_Click将[改变文本]消息压入队列
    5. btnDoStuff_Click将[启用按钮]消息压入队列
    6. btnDoStuff_Click将退出
    7. 程序执行[禁用按钮]
    8. 程序执行[改变文本]
    9. 程序执行[改变文本]
    10. 程序执行[启用按钮]

    由于7~10发生的太快,我们根本看不到发生了什么!

    示例:使用异步来解决上述问题

    后端代码:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using System.Windows;
    using System.Windows.Controls;
    using System.Windows.Data;
    using System.Windows.Documents;
    using System.Windows.Input;
    using System.Windows.Media;
    using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
    using System.Windows.Navigation;
    using System.Windows.Shapes;
    
    namespace WpfForAsync
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
        /// </summary>
        public partial class MainWindow : Window
        {
            public MainWindow()
            {
                InitializeComponent();
            }
    
            private async void btnDoStuff_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
            {
                //首先让按钮禁用
                btnDoStuff.IsEnabled = false;
                //第二步将lable的文本改动
                lblStatus.Content = "Doing Stuff";
    
                await Task.Delay(1000 * 4);
    
                //将lable的内容改为原来的内容
                lblStatus.Content = "Not Doing Anything";
                //将按钮设置为可用
                btnDoStuff.IsEnabled = true;
            }
        }
    }
    

    将btnDoStuff_Click方法改为一个异步方法,异步方法内部使用await Task.Delay(1000 * 4);,即将遇到await的时候,程序会返回到调用方法,处理程序将从处理器上摘下,禁用按钮、改变文本将被处理;当4秒之后,处理程序将自己再压入队列,再将之后的改变文本、启用按钮压入列队,当处理程序退出后,这两个子消息也将被执行,但在休息的4秒期间,是可以手动窗体的

    Task.Yield

    Task.Yield方法可以创建一个立即返回的awaitable。等等一个Yield可以让异步方法在执行后续部分的同时返回到调用方法。可以将其理解成离开当前的消息队列,回到队列末尾,让处理器有时间处理其他任务。

    示例:

    using System;
    using System.Net;
    using System.Diagnostics;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Threading;
    
    namespace CodeForAsync
    {
        static class DoStuff
        {
            public static async Task<int> FindSeriesSum(int x)
            {
                int sum = 0;
                for (int i = 1; i < x; i++)
                {
                    sum += i;
                    Console.WriteLine("Yield"+i);
                    if (i % 10 == 0)
                        await Task.Yield();
                }
    
                return sum;
            }
        }
    
        class Program
        {
            private static void CountBig(int p)
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < p; i++)
                    Console.WriteLine("CountBig"+i); 
            }
    
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                Task<int> value = DoStuff.FindSeriesSum(1000);
                CountBig(1000);
                CountBig(1000);
                CountBig(1000);
                CountBig(1000);
                Console.WriteLine("Sum:{0}",value.Result);
                Console.ReadKey();
            }
        }
    }
    

    当程序遇到await Task.Yield();时,会将当前的执行权转让出来,之后的CountBig(1000);便可以提前得到执行

    使用异步Lambda表达式

    语法示例:

    btn.Click += async (sender, e) => {//处理工作};
    

    完整代码示例:

    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using System.Windows;
    using System.Windows.Controls;
    using System.Windows.Data;
    using System.Windows.Documents;
    using System.Windows.Input;
    using System.Windows.Media;
    using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
    using System.Windows.Navigation;
    using System.Windows.Shapes;
    
    namespace WpfForAsync
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
        /// </summary>
        public partial class MainWindow : Window
        {
            public MainWindow()
            {
                InitializeComponent();
    
                this.btnDoStuff.Click += async (sender, e) =>
                {
                    btnDoStuff.IsEnabled = false;
                    lblStatus.Content = "Hello";
                    await Task.Delay(4000);
                    btnDoStuff.IsEnabled = true;
                    lblStatus.Content = "World";
                };
            }
    
        }
    }
    

    一个完整的GUI示例,请自行尝试

    <Window x:Class="WpfForAsync.MainWindow"
            xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
            xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
            xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
            xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
            xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfForAsync"
            mc:Ignorable="d"
            Title="MainWindow" Height="151.4" Width="323.2" Loaded="Window_Loaded">
        <StackPanel>
            <Button Name="btnProcess" Width="100" Click="btnProcess_Click">Process</Button>
            <Button Name="btnCancel" Width="100" Click="progressBar_Click" >Cancel</Button>
            <ProgressBar Name="progressBar" Height="20" Width="200" Margin="10" HorizontalAlignment="Right"></ProgressBar>
        </StackPanel>
    </Window>
    
    
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Threading;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    using System.Windows;
    using System.Windows.Controls;
    using System.Windows.Data;
    using System.Windows.Documents;
    using System.Windows.Input;
    using System.Windows.Media;
    using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
    using System.Windows.Navigation;
    using System.Windows.Shapes;
    using System.Threading.Tasks;
    
    namespace WpfForAsync
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
        /// </summary>
        public partial class MainWindow : Window
        {
            CancellationTokenSource _cancellationTokenSource;
            CancellationToken _cancellationToken;
    
            public MainWindow()
            {
                InitializeComponent();
            }
    
            private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
            {
    
            }
    
            private async void btnProcess_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
            {
                btnProcess.IsEnabled = false;
    
                _cancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource();
                _cancellationToken = _cancellationTokenSource.Token;
    
                int completedPercent = 0;
                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
                {
                    if (_cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested)
                        break;
                    try
                    {
                        await Task.Delay(500,_cancellationToken);
                        completedPercent = (i+1) * 10;
                    }
                    catch (TaskCanceledException ex)
                    {
                        completedPercent = i * 10;
                    }
    
                    progressBar.Value = completedPercent;
                }
                string message = _cancellationToken.IsCancellationRequested ? string.Format("Process was cancelled at {0}%",completedPercent) : "Process completed normally";
                MessageBox.Show(message,"Completion Status");
    
                progressBar.Value = 0;
                btnProcess.IsEnabled = true;
                btnCancel.IsEnabled = true;
            }
    
            private void progressBar_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
            {
                if (!btnProcess.IsEnabled)
                {
                    btnCancel.IsEnabled = false;
                    _cancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    

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        本文标题:C#沉淀-异步编程 三

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