linux下新磁盘分区以后才可使用,在关于使用MBR还是GPT分区这块儿,要明白MBR的局限性,它最多只支持四个主分区,另外还需要搞清楚主分区,扩展分区,逻辑分区它们之间的联系。我个人还是比较喜欢GPT这种分区方法不仅限制少分区表还有冗余。工具的话主要用到了fdisk和parted前者实现MBR分区后者实现GPT分区。
fdisk
1.首先查看系统版本,这里使用了一台阿里云的虚拟主机
[root@iZ2zebi66737fiqkkhxzzeZ ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
2.查看磁盘信息,可以看到新添加的磁盘vdb
[root@iZ2zebi66737fiqkkhxzzeZ ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b2d99
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 41943039 20970496 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
3.针对vdb使用fdisk进行MBR方式的分区
[root@iZ2zebi66737fiqkkhxzzeZ ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
这块有几个重要的Command action的含义需要搞清楚!
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
d delete a partition
w write table to disk and exit
t change a partition's system id
最终这块磁盘分了三个主分区,一个扩展分区,在扩展分区的基础上创建了一个逻辑分区
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x919935ad
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/vdb2 4196352 8390655 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/vdb3 8390656 12584959 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/vdb4 12584960 16779263 2097152 5 Extended
/dev/vdb5 12587008 14684159 1048576 83 Linux
4.让内核读取新的分区表
[root@iZ2zebi66737fiqkkhxzzeZ ~]# partprobe /dev/vdb
5.查看下,至此fdisk分区完毕
[root@iZ2zebi66737fiqkkhxzzeZ ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/vda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000b2d99
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vda1 * 2048 41943039 20970496 83 Linux
Disk /dev/vdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x919935ad
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/vdb1 2048 4196351 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/vdb2 4196352 8390655 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/vdb3 8390656 12584959 2097152 83 Linux
/dev/vdb4 12584960 16779263 2097152 5 Extended
/dev/vdb5 12587008 14684159 1048576 83 Linux
parted
1.针对新添加的磁盘vdc,使用parted进行GPT方式的磁盘分区,首先是修改分区表格式
[root@iZ2zebi66737fiqkkhxzzeZ ~]# parted /dev/vdc mklabel gpt
2.查看vdc磁盘分区表信息
[root@iZ2zebi66737fiqkkhxzzeZ ~]# parted /dev/vdc print
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdc: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
3.针对vdc创建一个从1MB开始到2GB位置的2GB主分区
[root@iZ2zebi66737fiqkkhxzzeZ ~]# parted /dev/vdc mkpart primary ext4 1 2G
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
4.针对vdc创建一个从第2G开始到第4GB结束的2GB主分区
[root@iZ2zebi66737fiqkkhxzzeZ ~]# parted /dev/vdc mkpart primary ext4 2G 4G
Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
5.查看此时vdc磁盘的分区表信息
[root@iZ2zebi66737fiqkkhxzzeZ ~]# parted /dev/vdc print
Model: Virtio Block Device (virtblk)
Disk /dev/vdc: 21.5GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 2000MB 1999MB primary
2 2000MB 4000MB 2001MB primary
6.如果需要删除Number为2的分区的话可以这么操作
[root@iZ2zebi66737fiqkkhxzzeZ ~]# parted /dev/vdc rm 2
格式化分区&&挂载使用文件系统
1.针对parted分好的vdc1先格式化成linux默认的xfs文件格式
[root@iZ2zebi66737fiqkkhxzzeZ ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vdc1
2.我一般会修改此文件来进行文件系统的挂载使用
[root@iZ2zebi66737fiqkkhxzzeZ data_for_www]# cat /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu Jul 11 02:52:01 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=1114fe9e-2309-4580-b183-d778e6d97397 / ext4 defaults 1 1
/dev/vdc1 /usr/local/src/data_for_www xfs defaults 0 0
可以看到将其挂载到了/usr/local/src/data_for_www这个新创建的目录下,xfs是文件系统的类型,defaults是挂载的属性,第一个0表示不使用dump备份,第二个0表示不需要进行磁盘检测
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