19. alive, living与lively的辨析：
(1) alive 一般作表语；也可以作后置定语或宾补。 “活(着)的；在世的；(继续)存在的”；反义词是dead;
(2) living“活着的”, 在句中用作表语或定语;
(3) lively“活泼的”, 在句中可作表语或定语。
e.g. Do you know she’s alive?
People alive should try their best to live better.
Tom was kept alive in the big fire.
Many students are lively in the math classes.
20. 表示“愚弄，取笑”这个意思的短语辨析：
(1) play jokes/a joke on戏弄
(2) play a trick/tricks on sb.捉弄某人
(3) make fun of捉弄；取笑
(4) make fool of愚弄；戏弄
(5) laugh at 嘲笑……
e.g. The musicians were to play jokes on each other as well as play music, most of which was based loosely on the Beatles.
April Fools’ Day is a time to play jokes on friends or relatives.
21. marry的用法辨析：
(1) marry sb. 意为 “嫁/娶某人”;
(2) getmarried to sb.意为“嫁/娶某人;与某人结婚”，为短暂性词组。
(3) be married to sb. 意为“嫁/娶某人；与某人结婚”，是延续性词组。
e.g. She married John last year.
= She got married to John last year.
= She has been married to John for one year.
22. take place与happen的辨析：
(1)take place通常指事先计划或预料到的事情发生， 还可表示“举行”的意思；
(2)happen常指具体的事情发生，特指那些偶然或出乎意料发生的事情，后接不定式，表示“碰巧；恰好”之意。
e.g.The sports meeting will take place in our school.
I happened to be in the lab that day.
23. sleep, sleepy与asleep；wake与awake的辨析：
(1)sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”；asleep为形容词，意为“睡着的”；常作表语；sleepy为形容词，意为“疲惫的”；
(2) wake为动词，意为“睡醒，醒来”；awake为形容词，意为“醒着的”；常作表语。
e.g. They usually go to bed before 11:00 in the evening and get up at 7:00 in the morning.
Tom is asleep now and don’t disturb him.
I kept awake all the night and now I’m a little sleepy.
24. litter和rubbish都可指“垃圾”，用作不可数名词：
(1) rubbish指“没用的东西(被扔或将要丢弃的无用的东西)”不可回收。
(2) litter指“(室内或公共场所)乱扔的废物(纸屑、不要的包装纸、废瓶等)”还可回收。
e.g. Throw the rubbish out.
The room is full of rubbish.
Pick up your litter after a picnic.
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