The Objective-C language is a simple computer language designed to enable sophisticated object-oriented programming. Objective-C is defined as a small but powerful set of extensions to the standard ANSI C language. Its additions to C are mostly based on Smalltalk, one of the first object-oriented programming languages. Objective-C is designed to give C full object-oriented programming capabilities, and to do so in a simple and straightforward way.
Objective-C语言是一种简单的计算机语言，旨在支持复杂的面向对象编程。Objective-C被定义为标准ANSI C语言的一个小而强大的扩展集。它在C语言中添加的大部分内容都是基于Smalltalk的，Smalltalk是最早的面向对象编程语言之一。Objective-C旨在提供C语言完全面向对象的编程能力，并以一种简单而直接的方式实现这一点。
Most object-oriented development environments consist of several parts:
①An object-oriented programming language
②A library of objects
③A suite of development tools
④A runtime environment
大多数面向对象的开发环境由几个部分组成：
1️⃣一门面向对象的编程语言
2️⃣一个对象库
3️⃣一套开发工具
4️⃣一个运行时环境
The Objective-C language defers as many decisions as it can from compile time and link time to runtime. Whenever possible, it dynamically performs operations such as creating objects and determining what method to invoke. Therefore, the language requires not just a compiler, but also a runtime system to execute the compiled code. The runtime system acts as a kind of operating system for the Objective-C language; it’s what makes the language work. Typically, however, you don’t need to interact with the runtime directly.
Objective-C语言将尽可能多的决策从编译时和链接时间推迟到运行时。只要有可能，它就动态地执行操作，比如创建对象和确定要调用什么方法。因此，该语言不仅需要编译器，还需要运行时系统来执行编译后的代码。运行时系统作为Objective-C语言的一种操作系统;这就是语言的工作原理。但是，通常不需要直接与运行时交互。
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