到二十世纪末,死于同胞暴力之手的人口数量将超过一亿。他们不仅死于国家间的战争,还死于大屠杀和种族灭绝,例如斯大林统治下的苏联对两千万“阶级敌人、间谍和叛徒”的大屠杀,纳粹德国罄竹难书的犹太人大屠杀。此外,他们还死于难以数计的国内冲突,例如西班牙内战,在柬埔寨红色高棉政权期间,该国四分之一的人口被杀害。
我们只需看看电视上的每日新闻,就能明白人类的疯狂并没有减弱,而且正在延续到二十一世纪。人类集体心障的另一面,是人类正在将空前的暴力施加给其他生命,施虐给地球自身——生成氧气的森林和植物遭受破坏,动物惨遭屠戮,工厂化养殖场里动物惨遭虐待,河流、海洋和空气遭受污染。人类对自己与整体的联通一无所知,却被贪婪和无知所驱使,一意孤行,如果再不加遏制,那么唯一结果只能是人类自身的毁灭。
人类内心潜伏着疯狂错乱,而内在疯狂的集体性外现,构成了人类的大部分历史。很大程度上,这是一部人类的疯狂史。如果把人类历史比作个人的临床病历,那么病情诊断必定是:根深蒂固的偏执妄想和病态癖性,对察觉到的“敌人”实施谋杀、极端暴力与残酷——这是人类潜意识的向外投射。人类历史是一部罪恶的疯狂史,伴有零星的短暂清醒。
By the end of the century, the number of people who died a violent death at the hand of their fellow humans would rise to more than one hundred million. They died not only through wars between nations, but also through mass exterminations and genocide, such as the murder of twenty million “class enemies, spies, and traitors” in the Soviet Union under Stalin or the unspeakable horrors of the Holocaust in Nazi Germany. They also died in countless smaller internal conflicts, such as the Spanish civil war or during the Khmer Rouge regime in Cambodia when a quarter of that country’s population was murdered.
We only need to watch the daily news on television to realize that the madness has not abated, that it is continuing into the twenty-first century. Another aspect of the collective dysfunction of the human mind is the unprecedented violence that humans are inflicting on other life-forms and the planet itself — the destruction of oxygen-producing forests and other plant and animal life; ill-treatment of animals in factory farms; and poisoning of rivers, oceans, and air. Driven by greed, ignorant of their connectedness to the whole, humans persist in behavior that, if continued unchecked, can only result in their own destruction.
The collective manifestations of the insanity that lies at the heart of the human condition constitute the greater part of human history. It is to a large extent a history of madness. If the history of humanity were the clinical case history of a single human being, the diagnosis would have to be: chronic paranoid delusions, a pathological propensity to commit murder and acts of extreme violence and cruelty against his perceived “enemies” — his own unconsciousness projected outward. Criminally insane, with a few brief lucid intervals.
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