美文网首页设计方案
Spring5MVC——request与Controller方法

Spring5MVC——request与Controller方法

作者: 小波同学 | 来源:发表于2020-07-08 19:10 被阅读0次

    SpringMVC的核心流程

    • 建立请求和Controller方法的映射集合的流程。

    • 根据请求查找对应的Controller方法的流程。

    • 请求参数绑定到方法形参,执行方法处理请求,返回结果进行视图渲染的流程。

    HandlerMapping

    HandlerMapping接口作用是将请求映射到处理程序,以及预处理和处理后的拦截器列表,映射是基于一些标准的,其中的细节因不同的实现而不相同。这是官方文档上一段描述,该接口只有一个方法getHandler(request),返回一个HandlerExecutionChain对象,接口本身很简单。

    public interface HandlerMapping {
    
    
        String BEST_MATCHING_HANDLER_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".bestMatchingHandler";
    
    
        String LOOKUP_PATH = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".lookupPath";
    
    
        String PATH_WITHIN_HANDLER_MAPPING_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".pathWithinHandlerMapping";
    
    
        String BEST_MATCHING_PATTERN_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".bestMatchingPattern";
    
    
        String INTROSPECT_TYPE_LEVEL_MAPPING = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".introspectTypeLevelMapping";
    
    
        String URI_TEMPLATE_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".uriTemplateVariables";
    
    
        String MATRIX_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".matrixVariables";
    
    
        String PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".producibleMediaTypes";
    
        // 返回请求的一个处理程序handler和拦截器interceptors
        @Nullable
        HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception;
    
    }
    

    DispatcherServlet

    DispatcherServlet是Spring MVC核心,它是J2EE规范前端控制器的实现,负责拦截用户请求,并解析请求进行转发。

    public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
    
        @Override
        protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
            initStrategies(context);
        }
    
        protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
            //初始化文件上传处理器
            initMultipartResolver(context);
            
            //初始化国际化配置
            initLocaleResolver(context);
    
            //初始化主题处理器
            initThemeResolver(context);
    
            //初始化HanlderMapping
            initHandlerMappings(context);
    
            //初始化HandlerAdapter
            //HandlerAdapter用来调用具体的方法对用户发来的请求来进行处理
            initHandlerAdapters(context);
    
            //初始化异常处理器,
            // HandlerExceptionResolver是用来对请求处理过程中产生的异常进行处理
            initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
    
            //RequestToViewNameTranslator用于在视图路径为空的时候,自动解析请求
            //去获取ViewName
            initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
    
            //初始化视图处理器
            //ViewResolvers将逻辑视图转成view对象
            initViewResolvers(context);
    
            //FlashMapManager用于存储、获取以及管理FlashMap实例
            initFlashMapManager(context);
        }
    }
    

    从方法调用链看,DispatcherServlet的initStrategies方法是在OnRefresh方法之后调用的,而initHandlerMappings方法是在initStrategies方法中被调用的。

    initHandlerMappings

    • 初始化HanlderMapping
    public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
    
        private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) {
            this.handlerMappings = null;
            //是否检查所有的HandlersMapping实现类并载入,默认为true
            //<init-param>
            //      <param-name>detectAllHandlerMappings</param-name>
            //      <param-value>false</param-value>
            //</init-param>
            if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) {
                // Find all HandlerMappings in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
                //寻找IOC容器中HandlerMapping类型的Bean
                Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans =
                        BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false);
                if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
                    this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
                    // We keep HandlerMappings in sorted order.
                    // 对找到的HandlerMapping类型的Bean列表进行排序
                    AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings);
                }
            }
            else {
                try {
                    //从容器里获取beanName为handlerMapping的Bean
                    HandlerMapping hm = context.getBean(HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME, HandlerMapping.class);
                    this.handlerMappings = Collections.singletonList(hm);
                }
                catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
                    // Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerMapping later.
                }
            }
    
            // Ensure we have at least one HandlerMapping, by registering
            // a default HandlerMapping if no other mappings are found.
            // 从context上下文中定义HandlerMapping时,Spring MVC将使用默认HandlerMapping,默认的HandlerMapping在DispatcherServlet.properties属性文件中定义,
            // 该文件是在DispatcherServlet的static静态代码块中加载的
            // 默认的是:BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping和RequestMappingHandlerMapping
            if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
                //如果以上过程都没有找到handlerMapping
                //将赋值handlerMappings为默认的HandlerMapping
                this.handlerMappings = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerMapping.class);
                if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                    logger.trace("No HandlerMappings declared for servlet '" + getServletName() +
                            "': using default strategies from DispatcherServlet.properties");
                }
            }
        }
    }
    

    这就是HanlderMapping的初始化过程。

    HandlerMapping的实现类

    从方法调用链可以得知,SpringMvc有四种HandlerMapping:

    • requestMappingHandlerMapping -> RequestMappingHandlerMapping
    • beanNameHandlerMapping -> BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping
    • routerFunctionMapping -> RouterFunctionMapping
    • defaultServletHandlerMapping -> SimpleUrlHandlerMapping

    这里主要关注RequestMappingHandlerMapping

    RequestMappingHandlerMapping继承类图
    • 由于RequestMappingHandlerMapping实现了ApplicationContextAware和ServletContextAware两个接口,这说明RequestMappingHandlerMapping可以通过这两个接口获取到Root容器和Servley子容器中的Bean。

    • RequestMappingHandlerMapping还实现了InitializingBean接口,该接口的afterPropertiesSet方法是在bean初始化的invokeInitMethods方法之后执行的,因此可以在这里加入对标记有RequestMapping标记的Bean进行处理,将相关的映射关系依次保存到RequestMappingHandlerMapping或者其父类的成员变量里面。

    AbstractHandlerMethodMapping

    在类图中AbstractHandlerMethodMapping实现了InitializingBean接口,重写了afterPropertiesSet方法

    public abstract class AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<T> extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements InitializingBean {
    
        @Override
        public void afterPropertiesSet() {
            initHandlerMethods();
        }
    }
    

    从方法调用链可以看出:

    • 程序在Bean初始化后,会立即执行AbstractHandlerMethodMapping中的afterPropertiesSet方法,这是因为RequestMappingHandlerMapping是需要先在容器中创建出来,后续才能在DispatcherServlet中的initHandlerMappings方法中去作为HandlerMapping的实现类给载入到DispatcherServlet的成员变量handlerMappings集合里。

    • 又因为RequestMappingHandlerMapping在创建的时候会去调用invokeInitMethods方法进行初始化,也会执行afterPropertiesSet里面的逻辑,也就是会先执行initHandlerMethods的逻辑去初始化映射关系。

    AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#initHandlerMethods

    public abstract class AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<T> extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements InitializingBean {
    
        protected void initHandlerMethods() {
            //遍历容器里所有的Bean
            for (String beanName : getCandidateBeanNames()) {
                //忽略掉scopedTarget.打头的bean(session application request之类的作用域内的代理类)
                if (!beanName.startsWith(SCOPED_TARGET_NAME_PREFIX)) {
                    processCandidateBean(beanName);
                }
            }
            handlerMethodsInitialized(getHandlerMethods());
        }
    
        protected String[] getCandidateBeanNames() {
            //从root容器以及子容器里,或者仅从子容器里获取所有的Bean
            return (this.detectHandlerMethodsInAncestorContexts ?
                    BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(obtainApplicationContext(), Object.class) :
                    obtainApplicationContext().getBeanNamesForType(Object.class));
        }
    }
    
    • 根据detectHandlerMethodsInAncestorContexts变量是否为true,来决定是否需要从root容器以及子容器里,或者仅从子容器里获取所有的Bean。
    • 如果为false,则只从当前的子容器即ServletContext里去查找。
    • 而如果Root容器中有bean被标记上RequestMapping的话,detectHandlerMethodsInAncestorContexts就会被标记为true。

    AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#processCandidateBean

    public abstract class AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<T> extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements InitializingBean {
    
        protected void processCandidateBean(String beanName) {
            Class<?> beanType = null;
            try {
                //获取Bean的Class类型
                beanType = obtainApplicationContext().getType(beanName);
            }
            catch (Throwable ex) {
                // An unresolvable bean type, probably from a lazy bean - let's ignore it.
                if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                    logger.trace("Could not resolve type for bean '" + beanName + "'", ex);
                }
            }
            //判断Class上是否有Controller注解或是RequestMapping注解
            if (beanType != null && isHandler(beanType)) {
                //提取其url与controller映射关系
                detectHandlerMethods(beanName);
            }
        }
    }
    
    
    public class RequestMappingHandlerMapping extends RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping
            implements MatchableHandlerMapping, EmbeddedValueResolverAware {
    
        @Override
        protected boolean isHandler(Class<?> beanType) {
            //判断类上是否存在Controller注解或是RequestMapping注解
            return (AnnotatedElementUtils.hasAnnotation(beanType, Controller.class) ||
                    AnnotatedElementUtils.hasAnnotation(beanType, RequestMapping.class));
        }
    }
    
    • 首先获取Bean对应的Class对象。
    • 通过判断Class上是否有Controller注解或是RequestMapping注解,为后续提取其url与controller映射关系做好准备。

    AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#detectHandlerMethods

    • 发觉Controller方法,并建立与请求url的映射关系。
    public abstract class AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<T> extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements InitializingBean {
    
        protected void detectHandlerMethods(Object handler) {
            //如果handler是字符串,证明是一个beanName,则从IOC容器中获取其Class对象;否则直接获取Class对象
            Class<?> handlerType = (handler instanceof String ?
                    obtainApplicationContext().getType((String) handler) : handler.getClass());
    
            if (handlerType != null) {
                //为了确保获取到的类是被代理的类
                Class<?> userType = ClassUtils.getUserClass(handlerType);
                //寻找方法上有@RequestMapping注解的Method实例
                Map<Method, T> methods = MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(userType,
                        (MethodIntrospector.MetadataLookup<T>) method -> {
                            try {
                                return getMappingForMethod(method, userType);
                            }
                            catch (Throwable ex) {
                                throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid mapping on handler class [" +
                                        userType.getName() + "]: " + method, ex);
                            }
                        });
                if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                    logger.trace(formatMappings(userType, methods));
                }
                //将获取到的Method对象依次注册到HandlerMapping中去
                methods.forEach((method, mapping) -> {
                    //获取被AOP代理包装后的方法实例
                    Method invocableMethod = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, userType);
                    registerHandlerMethod(handler, invocableMethod, mapping);
                });
            }
        }
    }
    

    RequestMappingHandlerMapping#getMappingForMethod

    • 创建求映射信息对象RequestMappingInfo。
    public class RequestMappingHandlerMapping extends RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping
            implements MatchableHandlerMapping, EmbeddedValueResolverAware {
    
        protected RequestMappingInfo getMappingForMethod(Method method, Class<?> handlerType) {
            //创建方法上面的RequestMapping信息
            RequestMappingInfo info = createRequestMappingInfo(method);
            if (info != null) {
                //创建类上面的RequestMapping信息
                RequestMappingInfo typeInfo = createRequestMappingInfo(handlerType);
                if (typeInfo != null) {
                    //将两个信息合并
                    info = typeInfo.combine(info);
                }
                String prefix = getPathPrefix(handlerType);
                if (prefix != null) {
                    info = RequestMappingInfo.paths(prefix).options(this.config).build().combine(info);
                }
            }
            return info;
        }
    
        @Nullable
        private RequestMappingInfo createRequestMappingInfo(AnnotatedElement element) {
            //如果该函数含有@RequestMapping注解,则根据其注解信息生成RequestMapping实例,
            //否则返回空
            RequestMapping requestMapping = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(element, RequestMapping.class);
            RequestCondition<?> condition = (element instanceof Class ?
                    getCustomTypeCondition((Class<?>) element) : getCustomMethodCondition((Method) element));
            return (requestMapping != null ? createRequestMappingInfo(requestMapping, condition) : null);
        }
    
        protected RequestMappingInfo createRequestMappingInfo(
                RequestMapping requestMapping, @Nullable RequestCondition<?> customCondition) {
            //这里用到了一个典型的建造者模式
            RequestMappingInfo.Builder builder = RequestMappingInfo
                    //这里对路径进行解析,在path中是支持SpEL表达式的,
                    //RequestMappingHandlerMapping实现了EmbeddedValueResolverAware这个接口
                    .paths(resolveEmbeddedValuesInPatterns(requestMapping.path()))
                    .methods(requestMapping.method())
                    .params(requestMapping.params())
                    .headers(requestMapping.headers())
                    .consumes(requestMapping.consumes())
                    .produces(requestMapping.produces())
                    .mappingName(requestMapping.name());
            if (customCondition != null) {
                builder.customCondition(customCondition);
            }
            return builder.options(this.config).build();
        }
    }
    

    视线拉回到detectHandlerMethods方法中:

    • 在执行完AbstractHandlerMethodMapping类中的detectHandlerMethods方法中的selectMethods方法之后,就能建立起Controller方法实例和RequestMappingInfo的映射关系,并将相关的映射保存到methods这个Map<Method, T>集合中,key为方法实例,value为RequestMappingInfo实例。

    • 之后会遍历methods将相关的映射信息给注册到HandlerMapping中。

    public abstract class AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<T> extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements InitializingBean {
    
        protected void detectHandlerMethods(Object handler) {
            ......
    
            if (handlerType != null) {
                ......
    
                //将获取到的Method对象依次注册到HandlerMapping中去
                methods.forEach((method, mapping) -> {
                    //获取被AOP代理包装后的方法实例
                    Method invocableMethod = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, userType);
                    registerHandlerMethod(handler, invocableMethod, mapping);
                });
            }
        }
    }
    

    上面这段代码,会将methods中的Method实例和RequestMappingInfo实例给一一对应的注册到HandlerMapping里面。

    AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#registerHandlerMethod

    public abstract class AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<T> extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements InitializingBean {
    
        protected void registerHandlerMethod(Object handler, Method method, T mapping) {
            this.mappingRegistry.register(mapping, handler, method);
        }
    
        class MappingRegistry {
            //储存 MappingRegistration 所有的注册信息
            private final Map<T, MappingRegistration<T>> registry = new HashMap<>();
            //储存RequestMappingInfo 与 HandlerMethod
            private final Map<T, HandlerMethod> mappingLookup = new LinkedHashMap<>();
            //储存路径与RequestMappingInfo
            private final MultiValueMap<String, T> urlLookup = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
            //储存@RequestMapping 注解的请求路径 与 HandlerMethod列表
            private final Map<String, List<HandlerMethod>> nameLookup = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
            //跨域配置
            private final Map<HandlerMethod, CorsConfiguration> corsLookup = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
            //读写锁
            private final ReentrantReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    
            /**
             * 注册数据:  mapping => RequestMappingInfo ||  handler => beanName  ||  method => Method
             *      1、根据 handle 和 method,创建 HandlerMethod,
             *      2、效验 HandlerMethod 是否存在
             *      3、储存 HandlerMethod
             *      4、储存 RequestMappingInfo 跟 url
             *      5、储存 @RequestMapping 注解 的路径跟所有的方法
             *      6、存储 CorsConfiguration 信息(跨域)
             *      7、储存 MappingRegistration 对象
             */
            public void register(T mapping, Object handler, Method method) {
                // Assert that the handler method is not a suspending one.
                if (KotlinDetector.isKotlinType(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
                    Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
                    if ((parameterTypes.length > 0) && "kotlin.coroutines.Continuation".equals(parameterTypes[parameterTypes.length - 1].getName())) {
                        throw new IllegalStateException("Unsupported suspending handler method detected: " + method);
                    }
                }
                this.readWriteLock.writeLock().lock();
                try {
                    HandlerMethod handlerMethod = createHandlerMethod(handler, method);
                    //验证方法的唯一性,即先前是否已经注册过同样的映射
                    validateMethodMapping(handlerMethod, mapping);
                    //注册RequestMappingInfo 和 HandlerMethod
                    this.mappingLookup.put(mapping, handlerMethod);
                    //注册请求路径与对应的RequestMappingInfo
                    List<String> directUrls = getDirectUrls(mapping);
                    for (String url : directUrls) {
                        this.urlLookup.add(url, mapping);
                    }
    
                    String name = null;
                    if (getNamingStrategy() != null) {
                        //注册请求路径与HandlerMethod
                        name = getNamingStrategy().getName(handlerMethod, mapping);
                        addMappingName(name, handlerMethod);
                    }
    
                    CorsConfiguration corsConfig = initCorsConfiguration(handler, method, mapping);
                    if (corsConfig != null) {
                        //注册HandlerMethod与跨域信息
                        this.corsLookup.put(handlerMethod, corsConfig);
                    }
                    //创建及注册 MappingRegistation 信息
                    this.registry.put(mapping, new MappingRegistration<>(mapping, handlerMethod, directUrls, name));
                }
                finally {
                    this.readWriteLock.writeLock().unlock();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    

    主要步骤:

    • 1、根据 handle 和 method,创建 HandlerMethod,
    • 2、效验 HandlerMethod 是否存在,验证方法的唯一性,即先前是否已经注册过同样的映射
    • 3、注册RequestMappingInfo 和 HandlerMethod
    • 4、注册请求路径与对应的RequestMappingInfo
    • 5、注册请求路径与HandlerMethod
    • 6、注册HandlerMethod与跨域信息
    • 7、创建及注册 MappingRegistation 信息

    最终会将前面获取到的所有信息给包装起来,保存到Map<T, MappingRegistration<T>> registry成员变量中,后续就可以解析请求并选择合适的Controller方法来对请求进行处理。

    这样就完成了建立请求和Controller方法的映射集合的流程的分析。

    HandlerAdapter

    public interface HandlerAdapter {
    
    
        //判断适配器是否适配handler,适配策略由子类实现
        boolean supports(Object handler);
    
    
        //使用适配的handler执行用户请求
        @Nullable
        ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception;
    
    
        //返回资源的最后修改时间,如果handler实现类不支持可以返回-1
        long getLastModified(HttpServletRequest request, Object handler);
    
    }
    

    以上是HandlerAdapter接口的源码分析,如需自定义HandlerAdapter,只需要实现该接口,在supports方法中定义适配策略,并实现handle方法进行调用即可。

    HandlerAdapter的初始化

    顾名思义,是handler的适配器,它能处理参数转换为handler能接受的数据类型,解析参数、处理返回值等。

    在DispatcherServlet进行初始化流程调用initStrategies,执行完initHandlerMappings方法后,会接着执行initHandlerAdapters方法。

    initHandlerAdapters

    • 初始化HandlerAdapter
    public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
    
        private void initHandlerAdapters(ApplicationContext context) {
            this.handlerAdapters = null;
            // 在部署描述文件中可控制该参数
            if (this.detectAllHandlerAdapters) {
                // Find all HandlerAdapters in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
                // 从应用上下文中查找HandlerAdapter
                Map<String, HandlerAdapter> matchingBeans =
                        BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerAdapter.class, true, false);
                if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
                    this.handlerAdapters = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
                    // We keep HandlerAdapters in sorted order.
                    // 对使用的HandlerAdapter进行排序,spring提供的只有RequestMappingHandlerAdapter实现了Ordered接口,其他都不具备排序功能
                    AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerAdapters);
                }
            }
            else {
                try {
                    // 如果在部署描述文件中配置了detectAllHandlerAdapters=false,
                    // 此时spring会加载名称为handlerAdapter的bean为处理器适配器
                    HandlerAdapter ha = context.getBean(HANDLER_ADAPTER_BEAN_NAME, HandlerAdapter.class);
                    // 转化为集合赋给handlerAdapters属性
                    this.handlerAdapters = Collections.singletonList(ha);
                }
                catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
                    // Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerAdapter later.
                }
            }
    
            // Ensure we have at least some HandlerAdapters, by registering
            // default HandlerAdapters if no other adapters are found.
            // 如果未配置HandlerAdapter,注册默认的处理器适配器,
            // 即从DispatcherServlet.properties中获取的HttpRequestHandlerAdapter、
            // SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter和ReqeustMappingHandlerAdapter
            if (this.handlerAdapters == null) {
                this.handlerAdapters = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerAdapter.class);
                if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                    logger.trace("No HandlerAdapters declared for servlet '" + getServletName() +
                            "': using default strategies from DispatcherServlet.properties");
                }
            }
        }
    }
    

    通过initHandlerAdapters方法的调用栈可知,一共向List<HandlerAdapter> handlerAdapters集合中注册了4个HandlerAdapter的实现类。

    • requestMappingHandlerAdapter -> RequestMappingHandlerAdapter

    • handlerFunctionAdapter -> HandlerFunctionAdapter

    • httpRequestHandlerAdapter -> HttpRequestHandlerAdapter

    • simpleControllerHandlerAdapter -> SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter

    以上就是Spring MVC对HandlerAdapter组件的注册过程。

    参考:
    https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000014901736

    https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000015009343

    https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000015027885

    相关文章

      网友评论

        本文标题:Spring5MVC——request与Controller方法

        本文链接:https://www.haomeiwen.com/subject/ymgccktx.html