SpringMVC的核心流程
-
建立请求和Controller方法的映射集合的流程。
-
根据请求查找对应的Controller方法的流程。
-
请求参数绑定到方法形参,执行方法处理请求,返回结果进行视图渲染的流程。
HandlerMapping
HandlerMapping接口作用是将请求映射到处理程序,以及预处理和处理后的拦截器列表,映射是基于一些标准的,其中的细节因不同的实现而不相同。这是官方文档上一段描述,该接口只有一个方法getHandler(request),返回一个HandlerExecutionChain对象,接口本身很简单。
public interface HandlerMapping {
String BEST_MATCHING_HANDLER_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".bestMatchingHandler";
String LOOKUP_PATH = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".lookupPath";
String PATH_WITHIN_HANDLER_MAPPING_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".pathWithinHandlerMapping";
String BEST_MATCHING_PATTERN_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".bestMatchingPattern";
String INTROSPECT_TYPE_LEVEL_MAPPING = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".introspectTypeLevelMapping";
String URI_TEMPLATE_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".uriTemplateVariables";
String MATRIX_VARIABLES_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".matrixVariables";
String PRODUCIBLE_MEDIA_TYPES_ATTRIBUTE = HandlerMapping.class.getName() + ".producibleMediaTypes";
// 返回请求的一个处理程序handler和拦截器interceptors
@Nullable
HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception;
}
DispatcherServlet
DispatcherServlet是Spring MVC核心,它是J2EE规范前端控制器的实现,负责拦截用户请求,并解析请求进行转发。
public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
@Override
protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
initStrategies(context);
}
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
//初始化文件上传处理器
initMultipartResolver(context);
//初始化国际化配置
initLocaleResolver(context);
//初始化主题处理器
initThemeResolver(context);
//初始化HanlderMapping
initHandlerMappings(context);
//初始化HandlerAdapter
//HandlerAdapter用来调用具体的方法对用户发来的请求来进行处理
initHandlerAdapters(context);
//初始化异常处理器,
// HandlerExceptionResolver是用来对请求处理过程中产生的异常进行处理
initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
//RequestToViewNameTranslator用于在视图路径为空的时候,自动解析请求
//去获取ViewName
initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
//初始化视图处理器
//ViewResolvers将逻辑视图转成view对象
initViewResolvers(context);
//FlashMapManager用于存储、获取以及管理FlashMap实例
initFlashMapManager(context);
}
}
从方法调用链看,DispatcherServlet的initStrategies方法是在OnRefresh方法之后调用的,而initHandlerMappings方法是在initStrategies方法中被调用的。
initHandlerMappings
- 初始化HanlderMapping
public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
private void initHandlerMappings(ApplicationContext context) {
this.handlerMappings = null;
//是否检查所有的HandlersMapping实现类并载入,默认为true
//<init-param>
// <param-name>detectAllHandlerMappings</param-name>
// <param-value>false</param-value>
//</init-param>
if (this.detectAllHandlerMappings) {
// Find all HandlerMappings in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
//寻找IOC容器中HandlerMapping类型的Bean
Map<String, HandlerMapping> matchingBeans =
BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerMapping.class, true, false);
if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
this.handlerMappings = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
// We keep HandlerMappings in sorted order.
// 对找到的HandlerMapping类型的Bean列表进行排序
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerMappings);
}
}
else {
try {
//从容器里获取beanName为handlerMapping的Bean
HandlerMapping hm = context.getBean(HANDLER_MAPPING_BEAN_NAME, HandlerMapping.class);
this.handlerMappings = Collections.singletonList(hm);
}
catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
// Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerMapping later.
}
}
// Ensure we have at least one HandlerMapping, by registering
// a default HandlerMapping if no other mappings are found.
// 从context上下文中定义HandlerMapping时,Spring MVC将使用默认HandlerMapping,默认的HandlerMapping在DispatcherServlet.properties属性文件中定义,
// 该文件是在DispatcherServlet的static静态代码块中加载的
// 默认的是:BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping和RequestMappingHandlerMapping
if (this.handlerMappings == null) {
//如果以上过程都没有找到handlerMapping
//将赋值handlerMappings为默认的HandlerMapping
this.handlerMappings = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerMapping.class);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("No HandlerMappings declared for servlet '" + getServletName() +
"': using default strategies from DispatcherServlet.properties");
}
}
}
}
这就是HanlderMapping的初始化过程。
HandlerMapping的实现类
从方法调用链可以得知,SpringMvc有四种HandlerMapping:
- requestMappingHandlerMapping -> RequestMappingHandlerMapping
- beanNameHandlerMapping -> BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping
- routerFunctionMapping -> RouterFunctionMapping
- defaultServletHandlerMapping -> SimpleUrlHandlerMapping
这里主要关注RequestMappingHandlerMapping
RequestMappingHandlerMapping继承类图-
由于RequestMappingHandlerMapping实现了ApplicationContextAware和ServletContextAware两个接口,这说明RequestMappingHandlerMapping可以通过这两个接口获取到Root容器和Servley子容器中的Bean。
-
RequestMappingHandlerMapping还实现了InitializingBean接口,该接口的afterPropertiesSet方法是在bean初始化的invokeInitMethods方法之后执行的,因此可以在这里加入对标记有RequestMapping标记的Bean进行处理,将相关的映射关系依次保存到RequestMappingHandlerMapping或者其父类的成员变量里面。
AbstractHandlerMethodMapping
在类图中AbstractHandlerMethodMapping实现了InitializingBean接口,重写了afterPropertiesSet方法
public abstract class AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<T> extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements InitializingBean {
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() {
initHandlerMethods();
}
}
从方法调用链可以看出:
-
程序在Bean初始化后,会立即执行AbstractHandlerMethodMapping中的afterPropertiesSet方法,这是因为RequestMappingHandlerMapping是需要先在容器中创建出来,后续才能在DispatcherServlet中的initHandlerMappings方法中去作为HandlerMapping的实现类给载入到DispatcherServlet的成员变量handlerMappings集合里。
-
又因为RequestMappingHandlerMapping在创建的时候会去调用invokeInitMethods方法进行初始化,也会执行afterPropertiesSet里面的逻辑,也就是会先执行initHandlerMethods的逻辑去初始化映射关系。
AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#initHandlerMethods
public abstract class AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<T> extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements InitializingBean {
protected void initHandlerMethods() {
//遍历容器里所有的Bean
for (String beanName : getCandidateBeanNames()) {
//忽略掉scopedTarget.打头的bean(session application request之类的作用域内的代理类)
if (!beanName.startsWith(SCOPED_TARGET_NAME_PREFIX)) {
processCandidateBean(beanName);
}
}
handlerMethodsInitialized(getHandlerMethods());
}
protected String[] getCandidateBeanNames() {
//从root容器以及子容器里,或者仅从子容器里获取所有的Bean
return (this.detectHandlerMethodsInAncestorContexts ?
BeanFactoryUtils.beanNamesForTypeIncludingAncestors(obtainApplicationContext(), Object.class) :
obtainApplicationContext().getBeanNamesForType(Object.class));
}
}
- 根据detectHandlerMethodsInAncestorContexts变量是否为true,来决定是否需要从root容器以及子容器里,或者仅从子容器里获取所有的Bean。
- 如果为false,则只从当前的子容器即ServletContext里去查找。
- 而如果Root容器中有bean被标记上RequestMapping的话,detectHandlerMethodsInAncestorContexts就会被标记为true。
AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#processCandidateBean
public abstract class AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<T> extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements InitializingBean {
protected void processCandidateBean(String beanName) {
Class<?> beanType = null;
try {
//获取Bean的Class类型
beanType = obtainApplicationContext().getType(beanName);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
// An unresolvable bean type, probably from a lazy bean - let's ignore it.
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Could not resolve type for bean '" + beanName + "'", ex);
}
}
//判断Class上是否有Controller注解或是RequestMapping注解
if (beanType != null && isHandler(beanType)) {
//提取其url与controller映射关系
detectHandlerMethods(beanName);
}
}
}
public class RequestMappingHandlerMapping extends RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping
implements MatchableHandlerMapping, EmbeddedValueResolverAware {
@Override
protected boolean isHandler(Class<?> beanType) {
//判断类上是否存在Controller注解或是RequestMapping注解
return (AnnotatedElementUtils.hasAnnotation(beanType, Controller.class) ||
AnnotatedElementUtils.hasAnnotation(beanType, RequestMapping.class));
}
}
- 首先获取Bean对应的Class对象。
- 通过判断Class上是否有Controller注解或是RequestMapping注解,为后续提取其url与controller映射关系做好准备。
AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#detectHandlerMethods
- 发觉Controller方法,并建立与请求url的映射关系。
public abstract class AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<T> extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements InitializingBean {
protected void detectHandlerMethods(Object handler) {
//如果handler是字符串,证明是一个beanName,则从IOC容器中获取其Class对象;否则直接获取Class对象
Class<?> handlerType = (handler instanceof String ?
obtainApplicationContext().getType((String) handler) : handler.getClass());
if (handlerType != null) {
//为了确保获取到的类是被代理的类
Class<?> userType = ClassUtils.getUserClass(handlerType);
//寻找方法上有@RequestMapping注解的Method实例
Map<Method, T> methods = MethodIntrospector.selectMethods(userType,
(MethodIntrospector.MetadataLookup<T>) method -> {
try {
return getMappingForMethod(method, userType);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid mapping on handler class [" +
userType.getName() + "]: " + method, ex);
}
});
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace(formatMappings(userType, methods));
}
//将获取到的Method对象依次注册到HandlerMapping中去
methods.forEach((method, mapping) -> {
//获取被AOP代理包装后的方法实例
Method invocableMethod = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, userType);
registerHandlerMethod(handler, invocableMethod, mapping);
});
}
}
}
RequestMappingHandlerMapping#getMappingForMethod
- 创建求映射信息对象RequestMappingInfo。
public class RequestMappingHandlerMapping extends RequestMappingInfoHandlerMapping
implements MatchableHandlerMapping, EmbeddedValueResolverAware {
protected RequestMappingInfo getMappingForMethod(Method method, Class<?> handlerType) {
//创建方法上面的RequestMapping信息
RequestMappingInfo info = createRequestMappingInfo(method);
if (info != null) {
//创建类上面的RequestMapping信息
RequestMappingInfo typeInfo = createRequestMappingInfo(handlerType);
if (typeInfo != null) {
//将两个信息合并
info = typeInfo.combine(info);
}
String prefix = getPathPrefix(handlerType);
if (prefix != null) {
info = RequestMappingInfo.paths(prefix).options(this.config).build().combine(info);
}
}
return info;
}
@Nullable
private RequestMappingInfo createRequestMappingInfo(AnnotatedElement element) {
//如果该函数含有@RequestMapping注解,则根据其注解信息生成RequestMapping实例,
//否则返回空
RequestMapping requestMapping = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(element, RequestMapping.class);
RequestCondition<?> condition = (element instanceof Class ?
getCustomTypeCondition((Class<?>) element) : getCustomMethodCondition((Method) element));
return (requestMapping != null ? createRequestMappingInfo(requestMapping, condition) : null);
}
protected RequestMappingInfo createRequestMappingInfo(
RequestMapping requestMapping, @Nullable RequestCondition<?> customCondition) {
//这里用到了一个典型的建造者模式
RequestMappingInfo.Builder builder = RequestMappingInfo
//这里对路径进行解析,在path中是支持SpEL表达式的,
//RequestMappingHandlerMapping实现了EmbeddedValueResolverAware这个接口
.paths(resolveEmbeddedValuesInPatterns(requestMapping.path()))
.methods(requestMapping.method())
.params(requestMapping.params())
.headers(requestMapping.headers())
.consumes(requestMapping.consumes())
.produces(requestMapping.produces())
.mappingName(requestMapping.name());
if (customCondition != null) {
builder.customCondition(customCondition);
}
return builder.options(this.config).build();
}
}
视线拉回到detectHandlerMethods方法中:
-
在执行完AbstractHandlerMethodMapping类中的detectHandlerMethods方法中的selectMethods方法之后,就能建立起Controller方法实例和RequestMappingInfo的映射关系,并将相关的映射保存到methods这个Map<Method, T>集合中,key为方法实例,value为RequestMappingInfo实例。
-
之后会遍历methods将相关的映射信息给注册到HandlerMapping中。
public abstract class AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<T> extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements InitializingBean {
protected void detectHandlerMethods(Object handler) {
......
if (handlerType != null) {
......
//将获取到的Method对象依次注册到HandlerMapping中去
methods.forEach((method, mapping) -> {
//获取被AOP代理包装后的方法实例
Method invocableMethod = AopUtils.selectInvocableMethod(method, userType);
registerHandlerMethod(handler, invocableMethod, mapping);
});
}
}
}
上面这段代码,会将methods中的Method实例和RequestMappingInfo实例给一一对应的注册到HandlerMapping里面。
AbstractHandlerMethodMapping#registerHandlerMethod
public abstract class AbstractHandlerMethodMapping<T> extends AbstractHandlerMapping implements InitializingBean {
protected void registerHandlerMethod(Object handler, Method method, T mapping) {
this.mappingRegistry.register(mapping, handler, method);
}
class MappingRegistry {
//储存 MappingRegistration 所有的注册信息
private final Map<T, MappingRegistration<T>> registry = new HashMap<>();
//储存RequestMappingInfo 与 HandlerMethod
private final Map<T, HandlerMethod> mappingLookup = new LinkedHashMap<>();
//储存路径与RequestMappingInfo
private final MultiValueMap<String, T> urlLookup = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
//储存@RequestMapping 注解的请求路径 与 HandlerMethod列表
private final Map<String, List<HandlerMethod>> nameLookup = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
//跨域配置
private final Map<HandlerMethod, CorsConfiguration> corsLookup = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
//读写锁
private final ReentrantReadWriteLock readWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
/**
* 注册数据: mapping => RequestMappingInfo || handler => beanName || method => Method
* 1、根据 handle 和 method,创建 HandlerMethod,
* 2、效验 HandlerMethod 是否存在
* 3、储存 HandlerMethod
* 4、储存 RequestMappingInfo 跟 url
* 5、储存 @RequestMapping 注解 的路径跟所有的方法
* 6、存储 CorsConfiguration 信息(跨域)
* 7、储存 MappingRegistration 对象
*/
public void register(T mapping, Object handler, Method method) {
// Assert that the handler method is not a suspending one.
if (KotlinDetector.isKotlinType(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
Class<?>[] parameterTypes = method.getParameterTypes();
if ((parameterTypes.length > 0) && "kotlin.coroutines.Continuation".equals(parameterTypes[parameterTypes.length - 1].getName())) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Unsupported suspending handler method detected: " + method);
}
}
this.readWriteLock.writeLock().lock();
try {
HandlerMethod handlerMethod = createHandlerMethod(handler, method);
//验证方法的唯一性,即先前是否已经注册过同样的映射
validateMethodMapping(handlerMethod, mapping);
//注册RequestMappingInfo 和 HandlerMethod
this.mappingLookup.put(mapping, handlerMethod);
//注册请求路径与对应的RequestMappingInfo
List<String> directUrls = getDirectUrls(mapping);
for (String url : directUrls) {
this.urlLookup.add(url, mapping);
}
String name = null;
if (getNamingStrategy() != null) {
//注册请求路径与HandlerMethod
name = getNamingStrategy().getName(handlerMethod, mapping);
addMappingName(name, handlerMethod);
}
CorsConfiguration corsConfig = initCorsConfiguration(handler, method, mapping);
if (corsConfig != null) {
//注册HandlerMethod与跨域信息
this.corsLookup.put(handlerMethod, corsConfig);
}
//创建及注册 MappingRegistation 信息
this.registry.put(mapping, new MappingRegistration<>(mapping, handlerMethod, directUrls, name));
}
finally {
this.readWriteLock.writeLock().unlock();
}
}
}
}
主要步骤:
- 1、根据 handle 和 method,创建 HandlerMethod,
- 2、效验 HandlerMethod 是否存在,验证方法的唯一性,即先前是否已经注册过同样的映射
- 3、注册RequestMappingInfo 和 HandlerMethod
- 4、注册请求路径与对应的RequestMappingInfo
- 5、注册请求路径与HandlerMethod
- 6、注册HandlerMethod与跨域信息
- 7、创建及注册 MappingRegistation 信息
最终会将前面获取到的所有信息给包装起来,保存到Map<T, MappingRegistration<T>> registry
成员变量中,后续就可以解析请求并选择合适的Controller方法来对请求进行处理。
这样就完成了建立请求和Controller方法的映射集合的流程的分析。
HandlerAdapter
public interface HandlerAdapter {
//判断适配器是否适配handler,适配策略由子类实现
boolean supports(Object handler);
//使用适配的handler执行用户请求
@Nullable
ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception;
//返回资源的最后修改时间,如果handler实现类不支持可以返回-1
long getLastModified(HttpServletRequest request, Object handler);
}
以上是HandlerAdapter接口的源码分析,如需自定义HandlerAdapter,只需要实现该接口,在supports方法中定义适配策略,并实现handle方法进行调用即可。
HandlerAdapter的初始化
顾名思义,是handler的适配器,它能处理参数转换为handler能接受的数据类型,解析参数、处理返回值等。
在DispatcherServlet进行初始化流程调用initStrategies,执行完initHandlerMappings方法后,会接着执行initHandlerAdapters方法。
initHandlerAdapters
- 初始化HandlerAdapter
public class DispatcherServlet extends FrameworkServlet {
private void initHandlerAdapters(ApplicationContext context) {
this.handlerAdapters = null;
// 在部署描述文件中可控制该参数
if (this.detectAllHandlerAdapters) {
// Find all HandlerAdapters in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
// 从应用上下文中查找HandlerAdapter
Map<String, HandlerAdapter> matchingBeans =
BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, HandlerAdapter.class, true, false);
if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
this.handlerAdapters = new ArrayList<>(matchingBeans.values());
// We keep HandlerAdapters in sorted order.
// 对使用的HandlerAdapter进行排序,spring提供的只有RequestMappingHandlerAdapter实现了Ordered接口,其他都不具备排序功能
AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(this.handlerAdapters);
}
}
else {
try {
// 如果在部署描述文件中配置了detectAllHandlerAdapters=false,
// 此时spring会加载名称为handlerAdapter的bean为处理器适配器
HandlerAdapter ha = context.getBean(HANDLER_ADAPTER_BEAN_NAME, HandlerAdapter.class);
// 转化为集合赋给handlerAdapters属性
this.handlerAdapters = Collections.singletonList(ha);
}
catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
// Ignore, we'll add a default HandlerAdapter later.
}
}
// Ensure we have at least some HandlerAdapters, by registering
// default HandlerAdapters if no other adapters are found.
// 如果未配置HandlerAdapter,注册默认的处理器适配器,
// 即从DispatcherServlet.properties中获取的HttpRequestHandlerAdapter、
// SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter和ReqeustMappingHandlerAdapter
if (this.handlerAdapters == null) {
this.handlerAdapters = getDefaultStrategies(context, HandlerAdapter.class);
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("No HandlerAdapters declared for servlet '" + getServletName() +
"': using default strategies from DispatcherServlet.properties");
}
}
}
}
通过initHandlerAdapters方法的调用栈可知,一共向List<HandlerAdapter> handlerAdapters
集合中注册了4个HandlerAdapter的实现类。
-
requestMappingHandlerAdapter -> RequestMappingHandlerAdapter
-
handlerFunctionAdapter -> HandlerFunctionAdapter
-
httpRequestHandlerAdapter -> HttpRequestHandlerAdapter
-
simpleControllerHandlerAdapter -> SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter
以上就是Spring MVC对HandlerAdapter组件的注册过程。
参考:
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000014901736
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