关键字驱动测试框架搭建--（2）

作者: A丶咔咔 | 来源:发表于2020-07-21 17:29 被阅读0次

什么是关键字驱动框架(自动化测试)
关键字驱动测试框架搭建--（2）
关键字驱动测试框架搭建--（3）
关键字驱动测试框架搭建--（1）
自动化测试框架之RobotFramework关键字编写
Selenium自动化测试框架和个人见解
Robotframework 接口自动化测试
Selenium Web Driver自动化测试(java版)系
Rorotframework简介
【selenium】unittest关键字驱动测试KDT

2、练习：使用excel，使用关键字驱动，实现一个搜狗搜索

4个关键字：访问某个网站、输入文字、点击搜索按钮、断言

普通脚本如下：

test_no_keyword.py

#encoding=utf-8

from selenium import webdriver

import time

driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path = "D:\\geckodriver")

driver.maximize_window()

driver.get("http://www.sogou.com")

search_box = driver.find_element_by_id("query")

search_box.send_keys(u"光荣之路吴老师")

button = driver.find_element_by_id("stb")

button.click()

time.sleep(3)

assert u"财富自由" in driver.page_source

driver.quit()

关键字驱动如下：

Excel数据列

动作（方法名），定位方式，定位表达式，操作值，执行结果

browser,,,firefox

visit_url,,,http://www.sogou.com

input,id,query,光荣之路吴老师

click,id,stb

sleep,,,2

assert_word,,,财富自由

quit,,,

需要将以上数据通过框架拼接成可执行函数调用，再通过eval执行

browser("firefox")

visit_url("http://www.sogou.com")

input("id","query",u"光荣之路吴老师")

click("id","stb")

sleep(2)

assert_word(u"财富自由")

quit()

创建一个工程sogou_search_keyword_driven

工程下创建一个包Util，项下放解析Excel的模块

ParseExcel.py，解析Excel类，内容如下：

# encoding=utf-8

import openpyxl

from openpyxl.styles import Border, Side, Font

import time

class ParseExcel(object):

def __init__(self):

self.workbook = None

self.excelFile = None

self.font = Font(color = None) #设置字体的颜色

#颜色对应的RGB值

self.RGBDict = {"red":"FFFF0303","green":"FF008B00"}

def loadWorkbook(self,excelPathAndName):

#将excel文件加载到内存，并获取其workbook对象

try:

self.workbook = openpyxl.load_workbook(excelPathAndName)

except Exception,e:

raise e

self.excelFile = excelPathAndName

return self.workbook

def getSheetByName(self,sheetName):

#根据sheet名获取该sheet对象

try:

sheet = self.workbook.get_sheet_by_name(sheetName)

return sheet

except Exception,e:

raise e

def getSheetByIndex(self,sheetIndex):

#根据sheet的索引号获取该sheet对象

try:

sheetName = self.workbook.get_sheet_names()[sheetIndex]

except Exception,e:

raise e

sheet = self.workbook.get_sheet_by_name(sheetName)

return sheet

def getRowsNumber(self,sheet):

#获取sheet中有数据区域的结束行号

return sheet.max_row

def getColsNumber(self,sheet):

#获取sheet中有数据区域的结束列号

return sheet.max_column

def getStartRowNumber(self,sheet):

#获取sheet中有数据区域的开始行号

return sheet.min_row

def getStartColNumber(self,sheet):

#获取sheet中有数据区域的开始列号

return sheet.min_column

def getRow(self,sheet,rowNo):

#获取sheet中某一行，返回的是这一行所有的数据内容组成的tuple

#下标从1开始，sheet.rows[1]表示第一行

try:

rows = []

for row in sheet.iter_rows():

rows.append(row)

return rows[rowNo - 1]

except Exception , e:

raise e

def getColumn(self,sheet,colNo):

#获取sheet中某一列，返回的是这一列所有数据内容组成的tuple

#下标从1开始，sheet,columns[1]表示第一列

try:

cols = []

for col in sheet.iter_cols():

cols.append(col)

return cols[colNo - 1]

except Exception,e:

raise e

def getAllRows(self,sheet):

#获取sheet中所有行

try:

rows = []

for row in sheet.iter_rows():

rows.append(row)

return rows

except Exception , e:

raise e

def getAllColumns(self,sheet):

#获取sheet中所有列

try:

cols = []

for col in sheet.iter_cols():

cols.append(col)

return cols

except Exception,e:

raise e

def getCellOfValue(self,sheet,coordinate = None,rowNo = None,colNo = None):

#根据单元格所在的位置索引获取该单元格的值，坐标从1开始

#sheet.cell(row = 1,column = 1).value 表示excel中第一行第一列的值

if coordinate != None:

try:

return sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate).value

except Exception,e:

raise e

elif coordinate is None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None:

try:

return sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colNo).value

except Exception,e:

raise e

else:

raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of Cell !!!")

def getCellOfObject(self,sheet,coordinate = None,rowNo = None,colNo = None):

#获取某个单元格的对象，可以根据单元格所在位置的数字索引，

#也可以直接根据excel中单元格的编码及坐标

#如getCellOfObject(sheet,corrdinate = "A1") 或者

#getCellOfObject(sheet,rowNo = 1,colNo = 1)

if coordinate != None:

try:

return sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate)

except Exception,e:

raise e

elif coordinate == None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None:

try:

return sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colNo)

except Exception,e:

raise e

else:

raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of Cell !!!")

def writeCell(self,sheet,content,coordinate = None,rowNo = None,colNo = None,style = None):

#根据单元格在excel中的编码位置或者数字索引坐标向单元格中写入数据

#下标从1开始，参数style表示字体颜色的名称，比如，red , green

if coordinate != None:

try:

sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate).value = content

if style is not None:

sheet.cell(coordinate=coordinate).font = Font(color = self.RGBDict[style])

self.workbook.save(self.excelFile)

except Exception,e:

raise e

elif coordinate == None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None:

try:

sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colNo).value = content

if style is not None:

sheet.cell(coordinate=coordinate).font = Font(color=self.RGBDict[style])

self.workbook.save(self.excelFile)

except Exception,e:

raise e

else:

raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of Cell !!!")

def writeCelCurrentTime(self,sheet,coordinate = None,rowNo = None,colNo = None,style = None):

#写入当前时间，下标从1开始

now = int(time.time()) #显示为时间戳

timeArray = time.localtime(now)

currentTime = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",timeArray)

if coordinate != None:

try:

sheet.cell(coordinate = coordinate).value = currentTime

self.workbook.save(self.excelFile)

except Exception,e:

raise e

elif coordinate == None and rowNo is not None and colNo is not None:

try:

sheet.cell(row = rowNo,column = colNo).value = currentTime

self.workbook.save(self.excelFile)

except Exception,e:

raise e

else:

raise Exception("Insufficient Coordinates of Cell !!!")

if __name__ == "__main__":

pe = ParseExcel()

pe.loadWorkbook("D:\\PythonProject\\keyword_driven_frame\\sogou_search_keyword_driven\\test_data_test.xlsx")

print u"通过名称获取sheet对象的名字:",pe.getSheetByName(u"测试步骤").title

print u"通过index获取sheet对象的名字:", pe.getSheetByIndex(0).title

sheet = pe.getSheetByIndex(0)

print type(sheet)

print "max row number:",pe.getRowsNumber(sheet)

print "max column Number:",pe.getColsNumber(sheet)

row = pe.getRow(sheet,1) #获取第一行

for i in row:

print i.value

#获取第一行第一列单元格内容

print "*" * 50

print pe.getCellOfValue(sheet,rowNo = 1,colNo = 1)

pe.writeCell(sheet,u"我爱中国",rowNo = 10,colNo = 10)

pe.writeCelCurrentTime(sheet,rowNo = 10,colNo = 11)

测试数据文件直接存放在工程目录下：

test_data.xslx中的“测试步骤”sheet数据如下：

动作定位方式定位表达式操作值执行结果

broswer firefox

visit_url http://www.sogou.com

input id query 光荣之路吴老师

click xpath //*[@id='stb']

sleep 2

assert_word 自由

quit

再创建一个包Action，存放关键字方法：

PageAction.py内容如下：

#encoding=utf-8

from selenium import webdriver

import time

driver = ""

#定义函数

def browser(browser_name):

global driver #声明全局变量

try:

if browser_name.lower() == "firefox":

driver = webdriver.Firefox(executable_path = "D:\\geckodriver")

except Exception,e:

raise e

def visit_url(url):

global driver # 声明全局变量

try:

driver.get(url)

except Exception, e:

raise e

def input(locate_method,locate_expression,content):

global driver # 声明全局变量

try:

# 添加显式等待

driver.find_element(locate_method,locate_expression).send_keys(content)

except Exception, e:

raise e

def click(locate_method,locate_expression):

global driver # 声明全局变量

try:

# 添加显式等待

driver.find_element(locate_method,locate_expression).click()

except Exception, e:

raise e

def sleep(sleep_time):

global driver # 声明全局变量

try:

time.sleep(int(sleep_time))

except Exception, e:

raise e

def quit():

global driver # 声明全局变量

try:

driver.quit()

except Exception, e:

raise e

def assert_word(word):

global driver # 声明全局变量

try:

assert word in driver.page_source

except Exception, e:

raise e

在工程目录下创建测试脚本：

run.py内容如下：

#encoding=utf-8

from Util import ParseExcel

from Action.PageAction import *

import sys

reload(sys)

sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")

test_data_excel = ParseExcel.ParseExcel()

test_data_excel.loadWorkbook("test_data.xlsx")

#测试解析Excel，可以删除

print u"通过名称获取sheet对象的名字：",test_data_excel.getSheetByName(u"测试步骤").title

test_data_sheet = test_data_excel.getSheetByName(u"测试步骤")

row_num = test_data_excel.getRowsNumber(test_data_sheet)

print "Total Rows:",row_num

for i in range(1,row_num+1):

print test_data_excel.getRow(test_data_sheet,i)

print "=" * 50

col_num = test_data_excel.getColsNumber(test_data_sheet)

print "Total Columns:",col_num

for j in range(1,col_num+1):

print test_data_excel.getColumn(test_data_sheet,j)

print "*" * 50

#遍历文件，开始进行测试

for i in range(1,row_num):

# for j in range(col_num-1): #行号是固定的，然后按列号遍历，获取每一行，结果列不需要读取

# print test_data_excel.getRow(test_data_sheet,i)[j].value

row = test_data_excel.getAllRows(test_data_sheet)[i]

print "-" * 50

print u"行号：",row[0].value

action = row[1].value

locate_method = row[2].value

locate_expression = row[3].value

operate_value = row[4].value

print action,locate_method,locate_expression,operate_value

print "+" * 50

#拼接字符串

#excel中组合情况有四种，即：（定位方式+定位表达式）和操作值为空或不空的组合情况

#定位方式和定位表达式只能同时存在或同时为空，所以可以当作是一个字段

#遍历组合情况，拼接不同形式的字符串

#将定位表达式中的单引号替换成双引号，因在后面拼接字符串时需要用单引号去包括参数

#所以需要进行替换，或者用双引号包括参数，则excel中的定位表达式需要用单引号

#两种情况取一种

test_step = ""

if action and locate_method is None and operate_value:

test_step = action + "('" + str(operate_value) + "')"

print test_step

elif action and locate_method and locate_expression and operate_value:

#加u后拼接会报错，需要使用sys.setdefaultencoding("utf-8")

test_step = action + "('" + locate_method + "','" + locate_expression.replace("\'","\"") + "',u'" + str(operate_value) + "')"

print test_step

elif action and locate_method and locate_expression and operate_value is None:

test_step = action + "('" + locate_method + "','" + locate_expression.replace("\'","\"") + "')"

print test_step

elif action and locate_method is None and locate_expression is None and operate_value is None:

test_step = action + "()"

print test_step

try:

eval(test_step)

#执行成功，在结果列中写入“Success”

test_data_excel.writeCell(test_data_sheet,"Success",rowNo = i+1,colNo = 6)

except Exception,e:

#执行失败，在结果列中写入“Fail”

test_data_excel.writeCell(test_data_sheet, "Fail", rowNo= i+1, colNo=6)